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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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V. 


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1.0 


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1.25 


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1.4 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY    14580 

(716)  872-4503 


"^" 


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<• 


<^<5> 


CIHM/ICMH 
Microfiche 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  ot  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  etd  possible  de  se  procu*^jr    Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut  dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci  dessous. 


Ui 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  dn  couleur 


D 
D 


Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pfe!licul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagees 

n    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculees 

A 

F~~3^  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Li !    Pages  djicolorees,  tachetees  ou  piquees 


n 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blaokl/ 
Encre  de  couleur  lie   autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  detachees 

I       I    Showthrough/ 
I I    Transparence 


D 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


D 


Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualite  in^gale  de  I'impression 


D 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 


Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


D 


n 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  et6  film^es. 


□ 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  derrata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  ete  filmees  d  nouveau  de  facon  ^ 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplementaires; 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu^  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  hero  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Conqress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  th« 
filming  contract  specifications. 


I.  «»xt»mr»l«"«'  ♦ill"'!  flit  roproduit  grace  A  l«« 
g^n^rnsitf^  de 

Library  of  Conqrnss 
PlidfodiiplictMion  Sarvic*.' 

Les  images  suivantcs  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  »;t 
de  la  nettHtJ^  de  lexeinplaire  iWm^.  ot  en 
conformity  dvac  les  conditions  du  lontrat  de 
filmage 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres 
8ion,  or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate   All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres 
sion,  and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ••  (meaning    CON 
TINUED  '),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  ThoSv<J  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  l'?ft  lo 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papior  est  imprirniie  sont  filmes  en  conunencaiit 
par  le  premier  plat  et  on  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d  impression  ou  d  illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commencant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dorni^re  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dorni^re  image  de  r.haque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas    le  symbole  — »•  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ',  le 
symbole  ^  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc  ,  peuvant  etre 
film»%s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  A  partir 
de  Tangle  £up6rieur  gauche   de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d  images  n6cessaire    Les  diafjrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

I 

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f. — f 


■WWUmw^HWUp  tim  ■ 


-»•.  . .    , 


THE 


ILLUSTRATED 


POETICAL  GEOGRAPHY, 


TO  WHICH  18  ADDED 


Tint 


RULES  OF  ARITHMETIC  IN  RHYME. 

BY   QBOEGB   VAN   WATERS. 


p 


Capitdat 


TM IMTM  Md  nounUlM  wkMk  >w<Mli  i 
Ab4  riTwi  ralllat  lo  lb*  itark^M  Bood, 
Aad  Wm  wmI  lakti  t  ttmr  *•*«  tprcM 
rn  liai  tat  Uai  apon  tigf  HMnonr : 
Batfk  Moada  la  imooCk  ubrokta  IIbm  i 
•  Ml  Mar  a*  Um  tpwkUiig  tkU. 


HmvIim 
Atimt 


V     , 


•  * 

•  t  • 

••• 


NEW   YOBK: 
1864 


// 


J/Jt/^.  //^^ 


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■^■■•■■■■•■•■■■■HBHHHi 


iiiBHifaHM 


mmmm 


mum** 


To  those  who  hare  not  the  time  to  turn  over  a  large  volume,  who  are  not  pre- 
judiced against'  iniprovotnr^nts  in  soionoe  and  literature,  who  would  learn  the 
leading  features  of  a  very  dilficult  branch  and  Rteep  it  in  the  memory,  who  have  » 
relish  for  the  novel,  and  a  curiosity  to  know  some  of  the  most  important  and  striking 
oharacteristics  of  nature  and  art;  in  a  word,  all  unprejudiced  pad  generous  minds, 
to  such,  this  work  is  rospcolfully  dedicated  and  inscribed  by  their 

Humble  Servant, 

THE  AUTHOR, 
who  has  spared  neither  lime  nor  labor  to  make  it  useful  and  interesting. 


XnUrM  a'ecording  t«  Act  of  Congrew,  io  th«  year  1849,  bj 

GEOUGE  VAN  WATERS, 

Ih  tU«  Clerk'i  OiBe*  of  th«  Dittriet  Court  of  tb«  United  SUt<«  for  the  District  of  Ohio. 


X  4  a 


i7 


Hevifed,  tDlarged  and  re-fntcrfd  sf wording  to  Act  of  CongrcBS,  in  the  year  1868,  by 

JOHN   G.    WELLS, 
In  the  ClerU'a  Offie*  of  the  Diatriet  Cou.-t  of  the  U/iiUil  SUtct,  for  the  Southern  Diftrict  of  New  York. 


I 


I   f 


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ot  pr8- 
Lin  ths 
have  » 
triking 
miads, 


[OR, 


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ir  York. 


I   f 


i 


PREFACE. 


Onii  of  t5i«  MtraTaRanca  of  aulhord.ls  in  flaftering  ihemwlfM  UiM  thfir  own  prodnfltlom 
are  nuperlor  lo  thonn  of  thiiir  rlT»lii,  and  m»ny,t.)  m»k«  It  appear  mors  obrioui  th»njt  may  l>o, 
MMTto  turn  tha  public  faTorfn»mthrlrniniprtiU>r'«infrlUi,  by  Jeff  rt*  real  <ir  prfitundH.whlrh 
theyara  careful  to  exhibit;  presf  ntinRlholr  own  at  tho  nanifitlinfl.ln  thfirniont  brllliant.'olora. 

But,  aToUIIng  this  eitrama,  thn  Author  of  thin  work  would  auk  lea»e  only  Ut  ahow  thfl  n«ed 
and  worth  of  a  rhymlna  By»tom,  In  nocurlng  a  knowledge  of  the  branch  here  troai*d  of,  and 
leare  othem  to  deride  how  far  ho  hte  eucromled  In  the  formation  of  nurh. 

That  proper  names  are  more  difflciult  to  n-Uln  In  the  memory,  than  rommon,  U  almost 
superfluous  to  .nention.  In  aoqulrliiH:  peneral  terum,  or  In  the  ntudy  (»f  language,  the  con- 
tinual repetition  of  the  same  words,  and  our  familiarity  with  the  subjects  to  which  they  are 
appllad.  renders  It  leas  diffloult  to  the  mcnio^,  than  in  learning  nroper  names  that  are  fixed 
to  denote  one  thing  only,  and  neyer  occur  unless  the  objects  or  things  for  which  thoj  stand 

are  particularized.  ...,.»       *.     *  *v    _    . 

Geography  is  a  branch  that  Is  studied  by  nearW  all— but  how  fbw  among  the  Tast  num- 
ber, who  spend  years  in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  it,  fter  reUln  or  remember  It. 

But  the  defect  is  not  to  be  attributed  to  tho  works  (itndIod,but  to  the  poverty  of  memory  j 
the  retentlte  powert  of  the  mind  are  not  endowed  with  energies  competent  to  the  task  of 
Mistaining  so  cumbrous  a  load ;  some  mechanical  "kid  is  requisite,  and  hence  the  utility  of  a 
work  of  Ae  present  kind. 

The  author  has  endeavored  to  circumseiibe  in  as  small  a  spaca  as  possible  the  matter 
here  presented,  and  by  so  doing  has  sacrificed  ornament  to  brerlty,  which  is  the  leading 
characteristic  of  the  work.  ,   .    .      ...  »i.  .  j.« 

From  the  ''fferent  pronunciations  that  names  admit  of,  and  the  unsettled  difference  among 
the  leame<'  '  unlearned  as  to  their  correct  orthoepy,  the  manner  of  pronunciation  here  may 
by  many  be  ^.emed  imperfect,  and  by  a  different  pronunciation  render  many  of  the  lines 
prosaio  and  disproportionate  in  meaHure,  which  will  doubtless  be  an  objection  offered  to  the 
reception  of  the  work ;  but  such  an  objection  would  be  unjust  and  unwarrantable ;  it  would  be 
utterly  impossible  to  esUblish  a  system  of  orthoepy  wWch  would  be  sanctioned  by  all. 
That  of  the  present  work  is  founded  principally  on  the  authority  of  Baldwin,  Wwcester,  and 
Morse— and  if  theirs  be  adhered  tp,  no  irregularities  of  sojind  or  quantity  will  be  discemable. 

The  following,  from  Joseph  E.  Worcontcr,  will  serre  to  show  the  impossibility  of  establish- 
ing a  uniform  aystem  of  pronunciation  of  foreign  names,  and  also,  the  high  claims  of  Common 
Custom  (and  it  might  be  said  with  propriety,  "Common  Sense,")  in  settling  this  matter. 

"There  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  geographical  names,  which  assume  such  different  forms 
lin  .Mfferent  languages,  should  bo  pronounced  differently  by  tlie  inhabitants  of  different  coun- 
tries, and  in  accordanco  with  the  analogrca  of  their  respct  tlvo  languages.  All  the  commoL 
geographical  names,  such  as  are  familiar  to  all  intelligent  persons,  have  become  more  or 
less  Anglicized,  and  thoir  pronunciation  is  more  or  leas  conformed  to  tho  English  analogy. 
Manuof  these  words  may  be  considered  as  perfectly  i\nglicizcd,  and  are  pronounced  as 
common  English  words  ;  but  there  are  many  that  are  only  partially  Anglicized,  and  with 
regard  to  such,  it  is  often  difficult  to  determine  how  far,  In  pronouncing  them,  the  English 
andogy  should  be  allowed  to  prevail.  ,   .       .  . ,. 

"  Wiih  respect'to  theclassof  words  which  aro  partially  Angliclned.  there  is  a  greatdivorsity 
in  the  manner  of  pronouncing  them.  Some  respectable  speakers  incline  to  pronounce  them, 
for  the  most  part,  according  to  the  EngllBh  analogy,  while  others  aspire  to  pronounce  them  as 
they  are  pronounced  in  the  several  languages  to  which  they  appertain;  and  there  are  many 
cases  in  which  it  is  difficult  to  determine  which  is  roost  to  be  approved,  the  English  or  foreign 
method;  but  a  medium  between  the  two  extremes  may  be  regarded  generally  as  a  Judicious 
courae." 


1 


I      k«a 


iiiMiH 


II    ii»ipiwiw»i>«M»iiPftiiii  »i     II  mmmn^^^ 


I     iWPi 


- 


ITEMS   AND   FACTS. 


•♦•••• 


1.  The  PovncAL  Oioorapht  is  intendod  to  be  used  u  an  independent 
work,  or  to  acoompftny  any  of  the  common  ichool  geographies  and  at- 

laaea.  '  •  .' 

« 

2.  It  can  be  learned  by  children,  and  in  foot  by  all,  to  a  greater  ad- 
vantage than  any  other.     It  combines  the  usefVil  with  the  agreeable. 

3.  It  is  a  work  that  ia  wholly  original,  which  is  something  that  no  other 
school  book  can  boast. 

4.  It  is  not  calculated  to  supersede  any  of  the  school  geographies  or 
make  a  change  of  school  books,  but  is  de  Jgned  as  an  accompaniment 
to  them. 

6.  It  is  calculated  for  the  old  and  young,  learned  and  unlearned,  for 
the  in&nt  school  and  the  oc^ege. 

6.  If  any  one  thinks  the  task  too  great  to  commit  the  whole  of  the  work, 
to  memory,  let  them  leani  parti  of  it^  such  as  the  towns  or  riTert  of  the 
country  they  are  most  interested  in.    An  old  Arabic  proverb  runs  thus*: 
"  Because  you  oaimot  secure  the  whole,  lose  not  the  whole." 

7.  A  knowledge  of  geography  cac  be  gotten  ftrom  this  work  in  less 
than  a  quarter  of  the  time  than  it  can  from  any  other. 

8.  in  writing  this  work,  recourse  has  been  had  to  all  the  school  geo^* 
raphies  in  use,  tui  w^  as  histories  and  books  of  traveL 


•  r 


|C  •,», 


U' 


'  .."jy;  *"*'■ "-'  '*Mimhiti>mimimiMmmmmm»i*» 


mimmmn^mmmffmmmffmmfmm 


Aw4Y  Into  A  grove  yonng  Alva  itrayad, 
His  task  to  learn  beneath  the  oooUng  shada ; 
Before  him  lay  an  Atlas  open  wide, 
Wl^e  towns  and  monntains  stood  on  erety  side; 
Long  on  iin  page  his  studious  inind  was  plaoed, 
Bat  dark  Forgetftilness  each  name  deiiMMd ; 
At  length  discouraged,  sorrow  o'er  him  presa'd, 
And  a  deep  sigh  oame  from  his  laboring  breast, 
When  ]o\  a  seraph  stood  before  his  fisoe, 
And  beamed  with  radiance  of  celestial  grace ; 
In  his  right  hand  a  golden  lyre  he  held, 
And  'mM  ambrasial  clouds  poised  o'er  the  field; 
TIm  ast<mished  boy  could  scaioa  his  presence  brook, 
While  the  fair  Spirit  thus  his  arrand  spoke : 

"  I  am  a  traveler,  on  my  isrial  way, 
Across  the  gulf  of  Tast  immensity. 
I  speed  my  course,  ai^  in  a  moment  pass, 
From  star  to  ttai^— -from  woirld  to  nnlTerae. 
Chreation's  fiirthest  skirts  I  have  beheld, 
And  manhalled  o'er  her  wide^mbounded  field; 
A^tl  whMi  I  winged  the  rest  profound  of  space, 
This  wpM  remote  reaired  up  her  clayey  £soe ; 
With  rapid  flight,  ^pon  extuided  Mn 
I  came  and  circled  loond  her  tevrene 
All  I  beheld—but  ere  I  passed  away 
To  other  wwlds,  I  oast  mine  eyes  on  '.hue. 


/ 


n 


INTMODUOTIO^. 


I  MW  thn  t«ftr  mil  from  thy  ipArkling  «7«, 

And  why  it  roltml,  I  nm^tl  not  Mk  Hton  why ; 

I'vfl  ounie  my  Ixty,  to  wip«  thfl  falliqg  tnani, 

And  gtvfl  an  n|M«t«  for  thy  grmf  and  fiMra: 

Thd  townii  arwl  tiiuuntaina  whinh  iMinoath  ma  stood, 

And  riven  rolling  to  tho  dark-blue  flcN)d, 

And  ialm  and  Inkna   aa  th«y  were  aiirnatl  to  me, 

I'll  aing  and  hind  u|M)a  thy  memory : 

ilamh  Nonnda  in  ariKxtth  unbroken  linea  shall  gUd* 

As  fro«  and  easy  as  the  sqarkliiig  tide. 

Whi^n  firat  I  lattnchrwl  me  down  the  ethereal  Aj, 

Columbia's  short^were  apread  before  mine  eya 

In  duaky  fttaturns,  for  the  orb  of  day 

Biased  un  the  anti|todns,  the  other  way, 

And  the  pale  moon,  fair  emprens  of  the  night, 

Pat  veiled  ii>K!ury,  on  hor  uhariot  bright. 

And  now  uf  that,  wliich  lay  beneath  my  wing, 

Hard,  raise  thine  airs,  and  aid  me  as  I  sing." 

Thus  having  said,  ha  struck  his  heavnnly  lyrt, 

And  sang  in  aooonts  of  ealowtial  firs. 


<    ^ 


.  .jamTA** 


■ 


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'  ft-.    ^  -  ■■iir 


..MMliMMbi 


1 


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POETICAL   GEOGllAPUY. 


I.— OEOOlUrUIOAL   DEFINITI0N8. 


Oeogimphy. 

TV  rarftM*  of  tb«  lUrth,  with  M  ito  lrlb«a, 
Of  M*  Md  knd,  U«off«ph7  d«MribM. 

Th*  Aarth.  ; 

Thb  Kwth  ii  bat  •  nigktj  b«II  proftMad, 
iu«t  At*  Mil  tw«irtT  UlatiMiid  mUm  •round  : 
Om  fourth  lb*  •«»••  of  lUi  f  lob«  ia  iMid ; 
ThtM  <*vrtki  u«  w«*tr  m  /as  aa«l«ntMtd. 


ProM  DeflniiioiM. 

OMMiraT.— Oaograpb/  U  »  d«MripUon  of  tk« 

(••<  mIIm,  ud  »S«  •ir«««ll»r««»,  •»  *UUm»  •»<»«■«  l^ 

*^?iwLMh1;?«^irft..  rf  lb.  «r«l.  ft  UW.  u4  «-  •»*•' 

**?li^'uVclIllrof  th*  pt«aM3  thai  fW.l»«  •rtmni  Ih*  ••■  i 
vktak  (Irrall  11  iMTferM  wMt  ta  •  »»*.    II  larM  romod  apM 
lii  Mk  MM  la  ivwiffcai  Umn.    It 
ti  BlMtr->v*  bUKom  tImUm. 


II.— DIVISIONS  OP   LAND. 


^i 


Dlvlslonfl. 

Of  Uad,  and  ito  diTkioM,  rMd  tho  rtorUo ; 
Ptm^mdu,  Cmtmmtt;  hUmd$,  PrtmmUtnu, 
4ad  ItUmmM*  mm!  C*fu,  And  Momium$  high 
rtliitn.  9Ww,  Md  ZItMrl*,  wot  ud  diy. 

TIm  LMid  k  dlTidod  Into  OoBtioosi,  Itluda. 
rimmmUt\m,  lt»tiMit,  Oavti.  M— ■»!— .Tilwwt,  >k-~ 
•••Mi,tlk 


._ I  ariMl,  I*  tkaiM«M«t(trattr,lill»4ik«t 

Ikt  aiM*  t*«t«(*t*M  an  MkMVa. 


Oontinmitii 

A  Cmttrnmi  ia  »  root  titanl  of  Umd, 

When  rivtn  ran  and  boundloM  pUiat  ozpond, 

Whoro  moanUiM  rito— wh«r«  town*  and  «»«•  grow, 

And  natioM  lire,  and  all  thoir  ««ro  boatow. 

Two  tontintnU  only,  on  ihii  globo  ato  toon— 

B«^Um  and  Wuttm,  aro  thtir  naaea  (I  ntm); 

Tho  Ka«<«ni  Cimtimml,  wo  too,  diYid* 

In  Eiinf$,  IfriM,  and  Aiim  wtdo. 

Tho  Wmttn  CwUmmi  wo  noit  bdMld. 

Wkoro  tftrtk  and  SmOk  Awm% 


mam 


i 


/ 


{ 


f' 


i  f 


'i 


*mm 


8 


POETICAL    OEOaEAPHT. 


'  B  * 


A  ConUnank  u  *  vwt  titent  of  Und,  not  diridod 
hj  wu«r. 

Th«ra  sr*  ito  eoDttnir.U— Ih*  lMt«ra  urf  WwUra.  TtM 
luUrn  Continent  eonipr:nt  Knrop«,  laUt,  Md  Aflrioa.  Th« 
WM>«rB  CooUn«nt  eomprtMi  North  uid  SoatJi  Aatrlca. 

Iilandg. 

Iiind-;,  npon  all  Mtt,  th«  watm  rarsraoad ; 

In  riren,  Uk««,  wad  tut,  Md  oaMUU  fonad. 
An  Ulaiid  it  »  portion  of  land,  nrroundad  bv 
WkUr  ;  u,  Long  IiUnd,  :■■•  of  Frucc,  l«l«  •!  Km,  ImUbO, 
Irtlwd,  tte. 

Peninsulas. 

A  Panlaiak,  th«  dark  ■«•  wart  cntwinci, 
8a7«  by  wme  nock  that  to  the  majn  land  Joina. 

A  nurrow  portion  of  land,  extending  into  tha  •••,  ia 
ealkd  a  Penlntitia ;  f,  Malacca,  California,  f««. 

Mountains. 

Monntaina  are  Ugh  and  «l«Tat«d  land, 
That  riaea  s'er  the  proTinee,  dark  and  grand. 

.  A  Kointain  it  a  high  oleTation  of  land,  that  riica 
aii^v*  (r  J  furrouodlng  cattalryi  •■,  Wo«nt  filial,  Mount  Hoi- 
yoke,  th«  Whita  MountalDi,  ate.  Tb*  top  ot'  a  moontaln  ii 
oalled  tit  lununlt ;  tUe  bottoai  fai  tli«  (iM>t,  or  baaa.  Whan  tiia 
laid  rlwi  to  a  imall  hliht,  it  ii  ealM  a  UU.  Tba  ipaaa  ba- 
Iwean  two  hlllior  monntaJni  la  eaUad  a  Tallay. 

TThon  I.*'*  land  la  fltt  and  I'sral,  It  It  eaUad  a  plain.  Eitaa- 
ilT*  plalna  art  eallaJ,  In  l.h«  Cnttad  Btataa,  praSria* )  aa.  Hook 
rralrle,  In  Rock  coudt*,  Wlaeooaln.  In  EJootb  Aaarlea,  tbey 
ai  a  oalled  pampaa  or  llnnai.  In  Aala,  atapnaa  i  ai,  tba  wappM 
•f  Itf  Im,  Id  Ihi  aoutUimtam  part  of  jllbarla. 

VaU«y8. 

YalleTa  are  apaoM  tween  the  monntaina  apread, 
uom  ^e  atonn  that  aoathea  the  mountain'a  ] 


Safe  I 


head. 


YaUeyt  are  apaeea  beiwean  monntaina,  or  billa. 
Tba7  aM  iaaaatliaaa  aalM  ralaa. 

VolOS.'UXiS. 

Yoleanoaa,  tram  their  eratera,  romit  flro, 
.    And  amcka  and  laya,  in  a  atream,  moat  ^rt. 

Yoleanoea  ar^  monntaina  that  aand  Ibrth  flra  and 
aaraka  from  tbair  topa,  and  itiMtiaMa  aaltad  atooaa.  Tta 
opanlng  la  tba  lop,  la  ealM  Uia  cral«r.  Tba  d'aebarga  of  Bait- 
ed matter,  la  eallad  aa  anyttoa.  Tba  «atl«t  'Juvva  aut,  Is 
oalladlaaa. 

Oapes. 

A  pobt  of  land  extending  in  the  lea, 
la  oalled  a  Cape ;  aa  Cape  ^mania. 

Promontories. 

Wlien  Ugh  aboxe  the  wavea,  or  dark  oeaa  Itoarjr, 
The  proud  Cap*  hanga,  tft  ealled  a  Promomtory. 

A  Cape  ia  a  point  of  land  extending  into  tha  aaa ; 
aa  Cape  Horn,  Cape  Abu,  eta. 
A  al|b  Cape  is  a  Promeatory. 

Beserts. 

A  Darert  ia  araat  ud  aandy  plain. 
Where  aweepa  the  aimoom  and  the  trarrieaiia, 
Whero  ▼egeu.tion  neither  growa  nor  thrivea, 
Where  nwiing  fiada  repoae,  and  no  one  U:ftM. 

A  Deaert  ia  a  Taat  and  landy  plain,  destitnt';  of 
vacelaUon  ;  aa  Sahara  In  Attica.  Attaiaina  In  Boutb  Amerlea. 

A  4krtila  aiwt  In  a  Deaert  la  ealled  an  Oaala ;  aa  tba  Oaala  of 
Feiiiaa  la  Sahara.  Tbeae  Oaeea  In  tbe  Oeaarla  aarra  aa  raatlaf 
plaoaa  Aw  oararaoa  that  eroia  thaa. 


] 


IIX.— DIVISIONS   OP  WATER. 


The  Water  next,  of  this  great  globe  we  m<>ntion. 
Of  Seat  and  Oramt  fint,  of  vast  extenaion, 
Thee  ArclAftia^oti,  ai:d  Gulfi,  and  Bay*, 
And  Jaliti  and  Ckiamelt,  next  tbe  ^e  anrveya, 
Aud  Smindt,  s.id  FVifiU  and  Roadt,  and  Harbor*  too, 
With  Rwr*  rolUng  to  the  dark  eeaa  blue. 

The  Water  ia  divided  into  Ooeana,  Beat,  OnlA, 
Baya,  AtohlpelagoM,  Lak«a,Channela,  Stralu,  Earbora,  Hoada, 
Havaoi,  ate. 

Ooeons. 


An  Ocaan  ia  a  vaat  extant  cT  brine, 

Or  aalt  aaa  water,  bouudleaa  and  aaUiaK. 

An  Oeean  ia  avaat  extent  of  aait  water  oat  aepaiiF 
tad  by  land;  aathaASIanUeandFaaiftoCMaaa. 

Tha  Oeeaa  naa  by  diflbtent  aawa,  aa  tha  Main,  tbx  laa, 
Daap,  snaa,  ata. 


I  Seas. 

S«aa  are  large  bodiea  of  the  briny  tide, 
By  lan«l  eneiroled  ronnd  on  every  aide. 

A  Sea  ia  a  colieetiou  of  aalt  water  aurrounded  by 
land  i  aa  tha  Cuplaa  Sea. 

Arohipelafces. 

A  Sea  filled  full  of  lalanda,  yreH  you  know, 
b  alwaya  called  au  Arckipelago. 

A  Sea  filled  ftiU  of  lalanda  ia  ealled  an  Aiehipelago ; 
aa  tha  Oreoiao  Areblpalago. 

Oulft,  or  Bays. 

A  Oulf  or  Bay,  ia  wb<)n  the  wavea  expand 
To  wido  extent,  enoroaohing  on  the  land. 

Whe..'<  the  aea,  or  water  extenda  up  into  the  land, 
ii  la  ealled .:  Galf  or  Bry ;  aa  tha  Bay  «f  nady,  Salf  of  BMh- 
nia,ata. 

Lakes. 

Lakea  are  fk«ah  water  Seaa,  and  abraya  found  • 
By  Hand  eompaaaed  upon  all  aidea  around. 

A  lake  ia  a  body  cf  water  aurrounded  by  land,  tbe 
taaM  aa  a  aaa,  aoly  that  tha  water  la  (Hah  iaataad  ofaall ;  i» 
Lahalrla. 


Sf 


iV  "     *    '***^'*  „ 


•rya^   i>„  tu*- 


■nUiu,  or  hilb. 


omitlln, 
1,  moat  ^n. 

d  Ibith  fln  avd 
i«lt«d  itoaw.  Tt* 
•  i'teharg*  of  B«lt- 
Mm  Vhivva  out,  Is 


h«Na, 
nuuh. 


rV  oflaa  ho»rj, 
mPnmomtory. 

ig  into  tha  aaa ; 


In.       , 
he  fcnmaaiia, 
nor  thrivca, 
I  no  one  UT«a. 

ton,  desUtnt'j  of 
Id  Bo'Jth  Amcrimu 
Ik ;  M  the  OmIi  of 
tU  Mrr*  M  rMtinf 


ytida, 
y  >id«. 

r  surrounded  hj 


fon  know, 

an  Arehipelago ; 


« expand 
the  land. 

p  into  the  land, 
and/,  flalf  of  BMh- 


abrap  found  • 
IB  around. 

ided  by  land,  tbe 
ilnrtwdaf  laH;  i» 


DIVISIONS  OF  WATER. 


9. 


3trftiU. 

A  narrow  paiage,  like  a  door  vr  gate, 
That  lea^  into  eome  lea,  ia  aalled  a  Sfnit. 

A.  paaaa^  of  water  that  leads  between  two  eeas,  or 
MitM  sT  wMtfi ,  li  MlM  •  ».«» I  ae  Ihe  Stralu  of  ll*g«llaa, 
belvsM  laaU  Amttim  sad  Ih*  bUad  of  Terra  del  Foeio. 

OhanuolB. 

A  Obannel  is  a  Strait  that  opens  wi  je ; 

As  the  Engtiih  CAaMiW,  where  proud  navies  ride. 

A  Channel  is  a  vids  strait ;  tti  the  English  Ohan- 
ael. 

Sounda. 

A  Strait  so  shaUow  that  its  depth  ie  found. 
By  lead  or  anehor,  oft  is  ealied  a  sonn(^ 

When  a  strait  is  so  shallow  that  its  depth  ean  be 
■MMwed  by  a  Ued  sad  Uae,  it  U  eailtd  a  5MMrf. 


Rivera. 

RiTers  are  streams,  by  numerous  branehee  formed. 
That  from  the  highlands  to  the  seas  ars  turned. 

A  Hirer  is  a  large  stream  of  water,  formed  by  nn- 
■•roiu  braaehM,  IbM  naptlM  lata  Mm*  Me,  galf,  lake  w  bar. 

TlM  plaee  where  e  rlrtr  ritm,  la  oellwt  lie  Maree  i  the  place 
where  11  (mptltt  ie  oallad  lu  month.  The  mhUI  ttreeme  Utel 
enplT  iaie  It  are  aalled  lie  breaohaa. 

Firths. 

A  RiTer  wid'nbg  'tween  its  banka  of  earth. 
Towards  ite  mouth,  ie  sailed  a  F\ritk  or  Firlk. 

The  widening  of  a  rirer  toward  its  mouth,  is  eallsd 
a  Frith  or  Firth ;  aa  Solwajr  Frith  loSaotlend ;  IheFirthof  Ihe 
Rtrer  Forth. 

Harbors  or  Havena. 

A  Harbor  or  a  Haven,  ia  a  port, 

Where  ehipe  in  safety,  from  the  storm  resort. 

A  Harbor  or  Harcn  is  a  port  where  ships  may  run 
in  end  find  iheller  froia  the  atorm. 


EXPLANATIONS  NECESSARY  TO  THE  USE  OF  MAPS. 


Hemlapherea. 

The  world's  a  Globe,  the  world  we  live  on  here ; 
One  half  a  globa  ia  called  a  Hemufhtre. 


Tha  word  k*mi- 
tphert  <e  formed 
irom  htmi,  that  cig^ 
nifiea  half,  and 
f«A<r<,  globa  or 
baU;  so,  half  tha 
earth  is  called  • 
JUmwjiAere. 


The  Wetitem 
Hemisphere  in- 
cludes North  and 
South  America. 


The  Northern 
Hemiipbere  in- 
dades  all  that 
partof  theearih 
North  of'  the 
Equator. 


Ea-Uim  and  Wulirtt  HemitpKtrt*  are  found 
Upon  the  Blap  that  ahows,  the  world  is  round. 
Northern  and  Soutktm  Htmi»fkert$  beside, 
One  North,  one  South  the  Equator  ia  eepiad. 


The  Eastern 
Hemisphere  in- 
cludes Europe, 
Asia  and  Afirioa. 


.  The  Southern 
Hemisphere  in- 
cludes all  South 
of  the  Equator. 


] 


^ 


10 


POETICAL    GEOGRAPHT. 


The  Equator. 


A  «irel«  dnwn  troiuid  the  Mrth,  and  gr«atcr 
Hum  Mj  paralM,  U  eallei]  tha  Equator. 

'Th«  Eiualor  u  «  liinoied  line,  that  fuldi 
Aronnd  the  earth,  halfway  betwe«n  the  pobi. 
Tliie  eirole'e  oalled  the  EquinorAial  Lint, 
For  when  the  Solar  ort*  doth  o'er  it  ahine, 

'The  daje  and  night*  are  equal,  a*  the  elpeka 
And  watohce  all  proclaim  the  Equinox. 

That  part  of  the  earth  whieh  it  jiut  half  way  W 
twaon  lh«  North  «r<1  South  pole*,  or  tqually  dIsUnt  from  lb* 

EXm,  U  eall«<l  Iho  F:<iiiator.    It  I*  tho  wannett  part  of  tha 
f  th,  aa  tha  na't  nj»  ara  mora  direct  ^  Ihia  portion  than 
any  atbar.    It  la  aallad  bj  uariuara  aliaiilr,  Iha  Imi,  ' 

Tyoptofl. 

Troi>iea  are  circle*  that  reetriet  the  ■an, 
Whieh  with  th<  equator  parallel  doth  mn, 
inat  tutntq-lhrt*  tmd  a  W/ degree*  theT  •hine 
B«th  North  and  South  the  Equatorial  Una. 


The  North  i*  Ctntir  called,  South  Cayrwem, 
For  here  the  tun  doth  in  hk  pathway  tarn, 
And  backward  trae*  hi*  step* ;  the**  circle*  show 
.The  limit*  of  the  colar  orb  below. 

Tropio*  are  oirele*  that  ran  parallel  with  the  Squa- 
lor, at  tha  di4tanc«'  of  lwant/-ihraa  and  a  half  dofrtaa  North 
and  Boath  of  It.  Tha  eircia  North  of  tha  Iqaator,  la  aallad  tha 
J^tfic  tf  Canetr.  Tha  one  Sonlh  of  tha  Iqnator,  la  called  tha 
IV^fa  ^  Caprieom. 

Tropla  altnlflaa  ratarn :  Ibr  whaa  tha  ana  arrtiraa  aa  ihr  fraea 
the  Mqnatob'  aa  althar  of  tiMaa  Unaa,  It  appaara  to  atop  and  re- 
Iraea  lla  alapa. 

Tha  ann  aroaaca  tha  Equator  twiea  a  year  i  an  the  tilt  ef 
Mareh  and  tha  II  ai  of  Sfptambar. 

It  la  OTor  tha  Tropic  of  Canoar  tha3lilof.  Jaae:  which  la 
called  tha  Summer  Solitlea.  Thia  la  tha  loBgaat  day  In  tha 
yaar,  ta  all  Nbrth  of  tha  Bqaator,  and  the  ahorlaat  to  all  Soalh 
of  It. 

The  aaa  la  ever  the  Tropic  ef  Oaprleom  the  tiat  of  Daeam- 
bar  i  thIa  la  called  the  Winter  Sohtloa.  It  U  the  ahorteat  day  In 
the  year,  to  all  North  of  tha  Equator,  and  the  leageat  le  all 
South  of  iU 

Polar  Girolei. 

And  of  the  Polar  Circle*  now  111  tell : 
They  with  the  Tropiet  are  foimd  mrai/c/; 
Juat  ttetnly-lhree,  otu  half,  and  nothiiig  lee*  (2S)), 
Aloof  the  Pole* ;  theee,  in  degree*,  I  gacic. 

The  Polar.Oirele*  r.re  parallel  with  the  Tropica,  and 
StU  degra«a  firoea  tha  Polea.  Th<a,  In  |[«o(raphlo  mllaa,  would 
ba  1410  mllaa,  tbadlatance  from  the  Pole  to  the  Circle  ;  twice 
thia  dlitaaca,  or  il8!M  mllaa,  la  tha  diaaaatar  of  tha  Aratie  or 
Antarelic  Circle,  or  the  FrlKW  Zonae. 

When  tha  Sun  ia  erer  tha  tropla  of  Cancer,  all  that  part 
within  tha  Arctic  CIrale  baa  eonitant  day ;  and  all  that  part  la 
tlia  tropic  of  Caprleom,  eouatant  night.  Tha  rereraa  Uhaa 
place  whao  the  Boa  la  ever  the  tropla  or  Caprleom,  oa  the  Slat 
ofOecaabar, 

At  the  Palea  It  la  day  alx  OMatha  of  the  year,  without  later 
mlaaica ;  Ut  Ihia  length  of  time  (ha  ana  la  vlalUe  aboTe  tiie 
boriiaa.   The  other  aix  aMalhe  ef  the  year,  It  la  ea*^  ( 
draary  alghu 


dark. 


Merldiant. 

McridlaB*  ran  from  Pel*  to  PtU  ('tie  trnc). 
Cutting  th   Equator,  at  right  anglca,  thratigh ; 
They're  need  to  reckon  diirtanec,  cad  and  w«t^ 
Am  of  all  other  way*  hare  prared  the  beet 


Mcridiana  are, 
imaginary 
Unea,  drawn  on 
tho  Map,  to  rcck- 
ra  diatanaa,  aaat! 
or  wcat,  from  any 
one  of  thorn. 
They  ran  from 
the  North  to  th» 
South  Pole. 

All  plaeca 
through  whiah 
the  *ama  merl.! 
dian  paasca  haT« 
noon,  or  mid- 
night,   a*    tha 


Purallela  of  Z<atltude. 

Now  Ftealkla  af  Ii^titada  wall  fiaw : 

They  are  ILtca  that  paa*  around  Jt*  glob*  (ao*  throagh) 

Aa  panllcl  they  ^lilk  tiwBqaator  nn, 

EacUard  and  waalMrA^ia  tta  aooM  thay  tan. 


"r -*«%•: 


h  C*prie»m, 

iWKj  tarn, 

h«M  eirolM  show 

tkl  with  th«  'Eqam- 
k  heir  dcfrtM  Korth 
Iqaalor,  li  Mktlad  tli* 
Bqafttor,  to  etlM  th« 

in  kTrlTM  M  (kr  frMi 
^on  to  itop  kad  r*- 

jTMri  OB  tlM  tilt  of 

•lof.JuB*:  whieh  to 
I  loBgwt  dkx  in  Ui* 
■horlMt  to  all  8<ralh 

I  tiM  tilt  of  DMcm- 
totlMihertMtdlvIn 
Bd  lh«  loMMt  to  tU 

I. 

tell: 
partltl; 
[hingl«M(2«i), 
I,  I  gaew. 

h  th«  TropiM,  and 
flrkphio  mllM,  wonU 
to  tha  Cirol*  ;  twie* 
Mtor  of  th*  Arttle  or 

Caoeor,  all  that  part 
.  and  all  that  part  la 
.  Tho  rarerM  takoi 
kprteora,  oa  tha  SIM 

yoar,  without  Intor 
to  Ttolkto  aboTO  tiia 
roar,  It  to  < 


aboTO  tlM 
OM^dark, 


tude. 


ob«(ao4tluroagli) 
ith^tanu 

•  r 
P»»lUli  of 
Lftftitud*  uf 
Batt  OB  Um  Ibpt 
vmi  to  ImIcob 
ifatiwoM^  Bortk 
or  woth,  of  tho 


SBK 


POETICAL    GEOGRAPHY. 


U 


latitude  and  Longitude. 

LoUtiid*  b  diatoneo  from  tha  Equator, 
Either  north  or  aonth  (let  it  be  leaa  or  greater) ; 
The  diatanoe,  eaet  or  weit,  ia  Langitud* 
From  any  one  meridian,  underitood. 
Both  UUitudi  and  Itmgihide  are  reckoned 
In  mtnuU*  and  dtgrtti,  aa  well  aa  $tc<md* ; 
Jnat  aiztj  geographie  milea  make  a  degree ; 
In  EngUab,  aixty-nine  and  Jnat  a  half  yoo  aee. 

Plaoea  that  are  under  the  Equator  have  no  Lati- 
tado.  All  plaoM  north  of  tho  Bqnalor  aro  In  North  hatitudi  ; 
all  plaooa  roath  of  Iho  Eqiator  aro  In  South  Latilndt.  Tha 
groaloit  latitndo  a  plaeo  can  haro  U  W  dofroe*.  Tho  North 
and  South  Polo*  of  tho  earth  aro  tho  (loljr  placoa  that  have  W 
dogrooi  of  Ictltudo. 

lioof  itudo  to  rookonod  eait  and  woot. 

Moat  na'ton*  rookon  thoir  Inofltado  from  the  BMlropolto  of 
thoir  oountry  ;  aa,  tho  Froaeh,  flrvB  Parli ;  tho  Rnfltoh,  fMm 
Oroonwioh;  tho  Amorleani,  from  Waahlngton.  TbouKh  tho 
A  inorleant  rookon  maotly  from  Oroonwioh,  tha  lamo  aa  the  Ku- 
gltoh. 

lAllindo  and  lon(itudo  aro  rookoned  In  dogrooi,  minntoi, 
and  Moondi.  Sixty  goographlo  mdeo  (or  ilxty-nlne  and  a  half 
Kngltoh  miloa),  mako  a  dogroo ;  ilztj  neonUi  omki  a  mlouto ; 
■Ixly  minnloa  ono  dogroo. 

Brory  eirel*  to  lappoood  to  bo  divided  Into  MO  dogreai, 
wbotbor  It  bo  larger  or  aiMllor. 

The  dlitaooo  round  tho  Earth  boint  tW  dogrooo,  one  half  of 
that  dtotaaoo  muit  bo  180  drgrooa  ;  one  quarter,  DO  dogrooo. 

The  groatoit  dtotaooo  that  any  two  otjeeto  on  the  lurfboo  of 
tho  earth  oan  bo  apart,  to  IW  dogrioa.  To  b«  tbto  dlitanoo, 
thoy  moit  bo  on  oppoiito  ildm  of  the  oarlh ;  oouMquontly,  to 
pUco  eaa  hare  arar  IM  dogrooi  of  leagltude. 

Zonea. 


i 

Zones. 

Zooea  are  dlrialona  of  earth's  loHkeo ;  mado 
By  tropifi  and  the  polar  eircU'$  aid. 
There  are /Cm  xont$ :  two  lemptral*  and  oue  forrvl, 
Two  frigid  tone*,  whero  wiuter'e  eold  ia  horrid. 

Torrid  Zone. 

The  Torrid  Zone  ie  'tween  the  tropiea  spread, 
Where,  twiee  a  year,  the  son  is  orerhcad. 

Temperate  Zonee. 

The  Temperate  Zones  are  ontlioee  parts  onrbaU, 
Whieh  'tween  the  polar  enrves  and  tropios  fitll. 

Frigid  Zones. 

The  Frigid  Zones  include  both  land  sky, 
Of  parte  which  in  the  polar  eirolea  lie. 

The  Tondd,  or  Burning  Zone,  is  included  within  the 
Troploa. 

The  Tempcrato  Zones  are  between  the  Tropios  and 
tho  Polar  CIrclei. 

The  Frigid  Zones  inelndo  thooo  parts  of  th*  earth 
botwoan  tho  Polar  C'lrolu  and  the  Polia. 

Tho  Tompcrato  Zonn  onjoy  a  mild,  temporato  ollnato,  bsi 
twaon  tho  oxtromoa  of  heat  and  ooM. 

Tho  lioat  in  tho  Torrid,  or  Burning  Zone,  to  exeioilTe  at  all 
loaaona  of  tho  year. 

In  tho  Frigid,  or  Frostn  Zone,  tho  eold  to  inteiife.  Wlalar 
bold!  an  unlnUrrupted  reign  tho  yoar  round. 

Maps.  . 

A  Map's  a  pietnre,  of  the  wliole  or  part 
Of  the  eaitn's  sorfltee,  to  be  learned  by  heart. 
The  top  is  North,  while  South  points  to  your  breast ; 
The  riifht  hand's  East,  the  left  hand's  always  West. 
More  Mapo  than  one,  l>oun4<ip  for  school  or  eoUego, 
Is  ealled  an  AUm»,  and  contains  mneh  knowledge. 

How  Latitude  and  Longitude  are  ez« 
pressed  on  Maps. 

Both  Latitude  and  Longitude,  we  seo, 
Upon  the  Map,  in  ilgnres.  1 — 2 — 8 ; 
Upon  the  side  the  Latitude  U  told, 
WUlo  Longitude  wo  at  the  top  behold. 

Maps  aro  {netares  of  tho  w1k>1o,  or  of  pario,  of  tho 
earth's  aurlbee.    Tha  top  of  the  map  ropreeoato  the  utHkttm 

irl  oTa  eeoatry  t  the  bottom,  the  oouthora  ;  the  right  kaaila 
je  eaatera ;  the  laA  head,  the  waatera.  A  oolleattoB  of  mape 
IsealMaaillafc 

Latitndo  and  longitude  aro  Topreoented  oa  Mapo 
by  tcvros.  Latitude  to  uiuallr  written  an  Iho  Mm  of  Ike 
BMP,  while  liOBgHade  to  ■eneraUy  al  the  tot  er  Ike  r  " 


QuBjiTioNs  are  aot  inserted  In  iliii  work,  from  the  fact  that  it  was  deemed  superflu- 
ous. All  the  Toaohor  has  to  do,  to  form  a  questioD,  is  to  read  oTcr  any  senUneo  and  prefix  the  intciroga- 
tires.  •<  Whr^  i  >    -  -"'  or,  »  When  aro  —  f "  ato.,  and  il  becomea  a  question. 

Ho  turns  to  payc  7,  for  instaneo,  and  glaaoes  his  oyo  upon  tbo  word  Geography,  in  ftdl-foeod  lettert  (orer 
Iho  poetry  that  defiaee  Geography),  asd  asks  tho  queotion,  *<  What  is  Oeognphy  V  Then,  "  What  is  tho 
Xarth,"  eU. ;  and,  to  anawer  tbo  qnestton,  tho  PuiA  repeats  the  pootiy,  and  ia  Us  owa  laaguago  gireo  tho 
I  and  substaBOO  of  tho  press. 

Tho  Teacher,  In  all  instaneeo,  ohould  oiq^hia  tbo  lioenaod  pooUo  phrasos  to  JuronOo  olaasos. 


si 


I 


NORTHAMERIOA. 


North  AnMi- 
o»  ia  noted  for 
tli«  Inrgott  lak«i 
of  ffMli  wAtcr  in 


Gapes. 

Com  Fareteell,  south  of  Greenlnnd.  first  rclntc, 
While  Wel'-ting-kam  is  we«t  of  l>r»TiJ  Strait, 
Cape  LeteU  sUtids  southcMt  of  Ks'  qin-niiiiix, 
And  North  of  Bell'-islo  Strait,  m  srami-n  know, 
North  of  the  0«lf,  and  South  of  Ub'-r»-dor, 
Cape  Whittle  hoars  Law-ren'-e-on  sorges  roar. 
Cape  Sahle  weat,  by  Nova  Scotia's  forned, 
Where  Fundy's  matohless  tiiU  is  backward  turned. 

Then  oomes  Cape  Arm,  Cape  Cod  and  Mal-Orbai', 
Of  MassBohnsetto  all,  as  you're  nware. 
Rhode  Island  holds  PoiiU  Ju'-dith,  Pomt  Montwk, 
Long  Island  clainu,  and  Jersey  Sar.du  Hook, 
Cape  Hen'-lopen  of  Delaware— Cope  May, 
Of  Jersey's  shore,  by  Delaware's  dark  Bay.    , 

Just  at  the  entrance  of  the  Ches->pcake'.    _ 
Cape  Charlet  and  Henry  both  th«ir  sentries  keep, 
Cape  Hatleras,  then  Cape  Lookout  and  Cape  Fear, 
Of  North  Carolina,  in  the  hut  appear. 

Of  Florida,  Cait-ave-rai,  well  jou  know,  » 

With  Florida,  Sable  and  Ro'-ma-no,  > 

And  one  St.  Blat,  near  Ap-pa  laoh'-ce's  flow,    I 

Ro-xif  beside  Tam-pi'-oo  next  appear ;      (Ro-ho,) 
Ca-louehe'  of  Yuca-ten',  the  sailnr  ncars.  (Oa-tooah.) 
East  of  Honduras,  Gra'-cia»  inautles  low, 
Aj  west  of  Cuba  stands  An-tn-ni-o. 

As  the  Western  Coast  of  Mexico  wo  keep. 
First  Co-ri-ent»'  springs  upward  from  tho  deep, 
Si.  Lueat  nextj  and  St.  Lorta'-ro'a  seen, 
Mor-ro  Her-m&-*o  then,  and  Point  Man-drain*'. 
Men-dcf-ci-no  o'er  forty  latitude,  [40] 
While  Oxford  Cape,  tot  forty-three  is  good.    [48] 

In  iixiy-five,  and  cast  of  Beh'-Tin^'i  pass,   [86] 
Cape  Prtnee  ofWalei,  heaves  up  his  iCT  omm  ; 
Just  North  of  tUs,  Cape  lMb<m  ^ou  behold, 
Then  ley  Cape  and  Baf-rowi  Point  unfold ; 
And  Bet' -Cher,  De-nar-ra-tion,  Batk'-wat,  all 
Whero  the  frown  oevan  aooora  the  arotie  wall. 

PRONUNCIATION. 

Eiquime&Tiz,  Et-ke-mo.  I  MoDdrainea,'  Mim-A-cm. 
Tampioo,  Tom-pe'-eo.  I  Henlopec,  Bm'4fi.ftm. 
Catonehe,       Co-tooth.     \  Boxo,  Ho-k€f, 


the  woild,  and 
the  home  of  the 
oppreaeed  of  all 
nations. 


RlvexB. 

Cold  Ar-a-bae'-ea  Lake,  the  Elk  diiridea. 
And  the  Peaet  River,  to  Slavs  River  gnidea. 
<Sf/aM  Rtver,  to  SlaTe  Lake  her  tribute  paya, 
And  to  a  Northern  Strait,  MeJTeiui*  atran. 

The  Seal  in  Hudson's  ample  Bay  b  raUed, 
With  Churchill,  NtUon  and  the  Sntm  oold. 

And  AllMmy  and  Mooie,  in  Jamea'  Bay, 
With  Eatt  Maine  Rwer  all  their  waters  laj. 

Red  River  vnda  in  Witmipeg  her  story. 
Where  Sat-ka-thaWan  mantlea  all  her  glory. 

RIVBBS  THAT  CONNECT  THE  LAKES,  ETC. 

St.  Mary't  from  Superior,  Huron  tttkee. 
In  Lake  St.  Chur,  SI.  CUUr  from  Huron  breaks. 
From  Lake  St.  Clair,  Detroit  to  Erie  pourt, 
From  whence  Niagara  to  Ontario  roara : 
From  here  St.  Lawrence  to  the  gulf  drirea  in. 
With  U-ta-wat,  her  first  and  krgeat  stream. 

BITBES  ON  TJIE  BA8TBBN  COAST. 
§tt.  John'*  from  Maine,  through  Bmnawiok  Diakea  her 

And  wi^  St.  Croix,  rolls  into  Fundy's  Bay.  [St.  Gray] 
From  Bf  aine,  Penobteof,  and  the  Ken^ne-heck^ 
With  An-drot-rM'fin  and  the  Saeo  break. 
The  Mer-ri-maek,  from  Hampshire  t^kes  ita  eoil 
Through  Massachusetts'  northern,  eastern  soiL 

CoRfUchetit,  in  the  Eastern  Statea  is  found, 
With  Hou-so-ton-ie  wakea  I<ong  Island  Sound. 
Mohawk  to  Hudson,  Hudem  to  the  sea. 
From  New  York  State,  Job  in  the  Jubflee. 

From  Jarsey's  shore,  the  DtlMgare  dividaa 
The  Delaware  and  PennsylTania  meada. 

By  Maiyknd  and  Pennaylvania  formed, 
In  Cht$-ei^p*ake,  the  SiM^HS-Aan-MA'*  tonad. 
Here  Po-to.fMe  driTea  onward  to  the  brine, 
"Tween  Maiyland  and  Virginia  the  line. 
Here  JUhiqMM-Jbw-Nodk,  York  and  Jmnu  are  tlihnm 
Fr«Hn  foir  r«|fMi«,  th^  summer  home. 

In  'AI-b»-m«rte,  Chawm,  and  Rcanokt, 
Virginia'a  shorea  with  OaioUna  yoke. 


W 


ii^mmu&ft^iimi^m 


lutmmmtjtttiiiimtiiti  .^- 


he  woild,  and 
ti«  homa  of  th« 
ippretMd  of  all 
Ationa. 


IdiTidM, 
ler  gtiidM. 
lbat«  payi, 
«witr»Tt. 
ty  U  rauti, 
!e«m  odd. 
I' Bay, 
aton  lay. 
ratory, 
II  h«r  glory. 

AKB8,  BTC. 

tnbraaki. 
onn, 
■  : 

iroain, 
ream. 

COAST. 

iriok  Diakea  her 

Bay.lStOroy] 

Bak. 

eeUaeoU 

temMfl. 

found, 

Sound. 

|lee. 

lividea 

k. 

med, 

'  tomad. 

brine, 

a. 

warathhim 

la. 

ft*, 


RIVERS  OF  NORTH  AMEBIOA. 


13 


J 


And  Pam-li-eo  and  Seuti  in  PamUeo, 
O'er  North  Carolina,  murmur  in  their  flow, 
From  whence  Cape  Fear  to  Ocean  mntt«r»  low. 
LUlU  and  Great  Pedce;  li.  re  take  their  eonree, 
And  with  San-iee,  throuKli  3..nth  Carohoa  c^uiie. 
EiltM      licre,  with  Cam-A«-A«' entwine, 
With  dark  Sa'WM-nah  on  the  tJeorgian  Una, 
0-gct-rhtt  Aita-morha,  SatHla,  all 
From  Oeorfiia  drive,  and  into  ocean  fall ; 
From  whence  S'  Mary'*  watee  to  Oeean  atray, 
With  Nat-iaM  and  St.  JoMi  in  Florida. 

RIVEnS  OF  THE  GULF  OP  MEXICO. 

From  Ooorgia,  Hint  and  CHal-a-hoo'-ehe*  lowar,— 
The  VhniakiHKHte  bounds  hor  Wcelem  ehore. 
Then  to  the  Gulf,  o'er  Florida  they  etray, 
Through  Ap-pa-laelU-co'-la't  watery  way. 
Mo-biU  from  Aliibama  comee,  whoee  bea 
The  Alahanta  and  Tom-big' -bte  tread. 

And  Pai-ca-Kou-U  and  the  hmpid  PmtI. 
From  Mi*»i»iippi  State,  their  watert  Rirl, 
And  J»fi*«M*t>w  here  unloatU  her  etorce. 
And  the  broftd  Gulf  her  boiling  eurge  deronra. 

•Tweon  Louieiana  and  the  Texan  grwn. 
Through  Lake  Sa-bine',  here  roll*  the  dark  Sa-MW, 
From  Texae,  Nf-rhet,  Trirt-i-dai,  and  flro*M, 
With  Co-lo-ra'-do  whose  loud  roar  would  crat*  w. 
Here  Gau-  Ithlmtpe,  and  Nue-ctt  ecaaeleu  flow, 
With  Itio  Grand*,  northeatt  of  Mexieo. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

The  MlMlarippi  firoin  Itaeoa  glidea, 
Where  Minneaota  feeda  her  Swelling  tidea. 
Wi«)on»in  for  tha  Eutem  Ooaat  aurray 
Then  niinoie.  Kentueky,  T«nne«ae«. 
Then  Miwiiaippi'e  loU  la  next  beheld. 
With  Loui*i«na'»  moat  aonthtaatera  flela 
With  I  -o-wa*  ;  Miaaoori'a  on  the  weat, 
Where,  with  Arkawaa,  Lonliiana'a  preaaed. 

BA8TBBN  BKANCHB8. 
To  tUa  proud  tide,  from  broad  Wiaaonda.  «odt 
The  Ckip^-^,  WiHoium,  and  tha  Ba^ 
Through  Illinola,  Reek  rinr  rolla  har  ttda, 
Where  IMAwM  and  fclr  JUe-taa'-iia  glwa. 
Oki»,  htn,  from  Pennayi'aak  apmaa ; 
Sonth  of  Ohio  it«te  her  bdlow  fbama. 
Then  Indiana  atata,  and  UHnola  (ittiMy), 
Betide  lU  pathway  aa  their  aitaamplay. 
The  eame  dark  br«*«r  aweepa  ViMfenian  aarth. 
And  bonnda  Ken*  i  >T  <iata  npon  tha  north. 
In  Weetem  Tenn<  ; ;    ?h«  0-W*«  kaapa, 
And  HateUa  on  to  M^^aiiaippi  aweepa ; 
In  M'MiHippt  atate.  behold  Y;*-*<W, 
In  sigsag  path,  with  Big  Bladt  m«r,  too. 

WESTERN  BBANCHBS. 
FiomMfameaotadriTeathapnrplingJKM; 
Crota  Viitv,  •ni  Swm,  and  Elk,  and  Sjdk  aomWna  j 
Then,  easting  np  their  babbka  bv  tha  DiUion, 
Crow  rwr  aomea,  St.  PtUn,  wad  VtrmtUim. 
WUU  Water,  Boot,  and  Upper  Jbwa, 
With  Turkey  rioer,  aing  their  loondeUy. 

BotaeUaw,  thoagk  emare>ulr,  pwneaneea  I-o^-wa. 


JledCwJar  than,  with  ioiea  made  fcat; 

Shimk  riMT  next,  with  dark  Dm  Moiitt*  tha  lait 

MIfisOORI. 

FarflromMiMouriT.ii'frr  driran. 
Where  the  Kooky  Mouuuuh  ,  ur  their  headi  toheaT*n, 
I.eaviiig  fiur  Minneaota  on  the  eait, 
Miaaouri  roUa  to  MiaaiMippi'a  breaat. 

And  Afar-a-mMipringe  from  the  Iron  MonntJn, 
And  nina  nortbeaat,  to  Mitiitiim  •  fo«»'«f™- , 
A>kaniaa  aUte  Uye  claim  to  young  S/.  Francu, 
Where,  from  the  Rocky  MoimtAlne,  foame  4r-*aii-«a*. 
The  branehee  of  the  liiat  »r<',  WhUe  and  Jean  : 
Both  in  Arkan»aa,  on  the  mnn  are  aen.. 
And,  to  Arkansoi,  with  tha  tide  Neo-nl ». 
From  Indian  flelda,  Canadian  mnrmur,;  l..>», 
O'er  Texaa,  north,  aouthweat  tha  Ark«n»nn  banner, 
Red  riter,  cornea  j  then  ponra  through  Louiwana. 

BRANCHES  OF  THB  OHIO. 

Tween  HHnoia'  and  Indiana,  tread 
The  Wa-ia**  bUlowe,  to  Ohio's  bed. 
WhUe  rtwr,  with  her  Eut  and  Wtttam  Udea, 
From  IndUna,  to  tha  WUaaA  glidea. 
Ohio  aUfce  heara,  with  Jf«-a^iVr  roar, 
Scioto,  Hacking,  and  MuMk-ing-um-tam. 
Then  Beater  riter,  bom  in  PennaylTania, 
Last  northern  branch,  aave  one,  called  M-U-gltarny. 

Ohio  itiakt  Ma-non-ga-he-la  in. 
That  aweapa  Virginia  and  the  uAo  of  Faun. 
LUtU  Kan-ha-vay,  then,  ia  on  the     ute. 
With  Great  Kankaway  and  the  Guv-an^doU$. 
a  Sandy,  on  Virginia'^  weatcm  border  j 
And  Licking  ritcT,  of  Kentuokian  order. 
Then  oomea  Kentucky  river.  Salt,  and  Qrettt— 
Uoon  tha  hwt,  tha  Mammoth  eara  ia  aa«n. 
Wbara  Tenneaeea,  and  »Ute  Kentucky,  alimbaTa. 
Tha  Cutn-bar-land  warblea  her  watery  numbara. 
In  tha  aama  atatea,  and  Alabama,  too,' 
Tha  Temtuiee  unfolda  nnto  tha  Tiew. 

BRANCHES  OF  THR  MISSOURI. 

Among  Miaeouri'B  branoliea,  on  tha  north, 
Aia  Thmpaan't,  WWiama',  Pamimn*,mut  Earth, 
From  MlimeBotonert  tha  5*«y»«rdgMee, 
With  Fiah,  and  Jamu,  and  Sum,  and  r»a«-  FToyit, 
Wtth-JVad-a-ww,  turn  atiAe  Miaaouri,  nm 
Tha  PlaUt,  Mi  Grand*,  with  r«a«r  Chv-artm. 
Tha  Jegtrtm  a  northern  oonraa  ia  thrown, 
To  Join  Uia  MaHaan  and  YeOomtan*. 
The  Y<flo«M<«i««ollaota,inherowneaa. 
1  Oark  F^k,  Big  Ham,  ua  Tcngua^hTmOm  tJnaa. 
I  LutU  JlfiMoaWnext,  then  Cawwii  Ball, 
CAay-MM,  and  PUUte,  all  from  Miaaouri  ML 
Lariutt*  ia  on  her  territorial  bound, 
Korthof  the  Indian  ehdma  and  hunting  fffonnd._ 
With  branehea  four— JBv  Horn,  Imp  Fork,  and  Blatk, 
With  one  Pa-d«»^-<a,oi.  the  ladhmtraet 
And  aaatward.  from  the  Indian  P~»">•^7i« 
Tha  rw<r  JEmsaa  rolla  har  thraa-fcrkad  tide. 

*  BwmtlmM  proDOttDOid  Ar-ku-Mw'a 


m 


^ 


14 


r  O  E  T  I  0  A  L    O  E  O  G  R  A  I'  n  T. 


TIm  Borihtn  fork,  RtpiMmit,  behoUl ; 
Than  iM-ymam'i,  sna  Smaky  HM,  unfuld. 
T.t  mitt  Mid  fair  0-if$,  pour  ft>rth  their  wmton, 
Witi)  GtuetmtM',  MiMuiiri't  warbling  dmightwr*- 
RIVRRS  OP  MICHIQAN. 

From  lllohigan,  Ui«  lU%*ii»  ran*  to  Eria, 
And  Hurom,  th«ra  har  aparkling  watara  aany, 
!■  St.  CUur  RmMT.  OrtUtel  anda  h«r  lajr, 
Asd  S*g-i4Ui»  ia  loat  in  har  own  bay ; 
Withbranahaa  CaM,  and  Flml,  and  SW^«aa*-««a, 
Wklah  roar,  al  laat  with  Hurrn'*  billowa, 
Ami  Til-U-ht^mu-M*,  with  har  Ckiffnt», 
That  dilnka  tba  JPiM,  ia  loat  in  aagimait. 
AwM^U  aaitward  niM,  with  ThmtUr  flay, 
What*  Hwrm't  billowa  great  tham  on  tha  way. 
Ckt-bwjum,  northward,  Uaraa  the  noiaT  alan, 
Whila  Atttf,  waatward,  aaaka  laka  Miahigan  i 
Thara,  Mm-u-tM,  and  Noi-i^km-go,  run. 
With  fWMT  VtKtt*,  and  flaming  Mit»-k*-gcm. 
Ormti  rniT,  Ui«n,  and  tha  dark  Kal-m*-*M, 
With  one  Si.  Jo»tpK$,  break  thair  pathway  through. 

BIVBRS  OP  NORTHKRN  MEW  YORK. 
Th»  Sa-ro-MC  ia  loat  in  laka  Chnmplain, 
Bart  of  tha  atata,  whara  Platttbargh  holda  har  reigR  i 


A.  Rtg-it,  R—kH,  and  tha  rmtr  Oruii, 
With  0«-«aa-fai«i-M,  to  Si.  Um—e*  paaa. 
BUuk  rn*r,  than,  Otvuf,  Cnu»*t, 
Oatarln  (Irowna  in  her  lo\id  aiinatraltj. 

RITRR8  OP  ORRQO!*  AND  CAI.IPORNIA. 

In  Oregon,  Cntnmlm  niakea  h»r  pillow. 
And  weatwarii,  to  Paeitln,  tlriTea  her  billow. 
From  Califcrnia,  Suertminlo't  roll'd  ; 
Southward  her  aonraa,  through  regiona  rieh  with  gold. 
And  C«<era<l«  Joina  with  GiU  rntrt 
In  C»lif«nmti  Oulf,  thair  waraa  roll  •itr. 

PRONUIfrUTIon. 


Ohlppawa,  • 
MoUla,  •  • 
Sabina,  •  • 
ItaaM,  -  - 
l(at«hie,>  • 
I)«a  Moinaa, 
St.  Croix,  • 
Qila,  •    •    • 


Chipptwau', 
Moiul: 
a*hun'. 
I-lai'-cm. 
H*eK-M. 
Dt  Mom. 
SI,  Crof. 
Ot-U,  or 
ffaa-ta. 


Multnomah,  JtfuU-Nt-iM. 


Sioux, 

ChaTcnne, 

Lapiatte, 

Lamiiif, 

Saline,  • 

Hiaqui, 


Sm. 

AAa-Me*. 

L€-fUl$'. 

.Va-<«M. 
Hi-»-k*f. 


g«aaaaha««n, 


COUNTRIES  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

THE   RUSSIAN  POSSESSIONS 

Are  noted  for  their  furs,  and  as  a  cold,  drear/  climate,  inhabited  only  by  UTagM  aai 
hontert.    The  popu^tion  ia  about  50i000. 
The  coast,  in  aome  parts,  riseo  into  snow-capped  summits. 


OBEENLAND. 


The  coldest,  most 
dreary,  and  desolate 
country  in  the  world. 
Inhabited  by  a  filthy, 
degraded  race  of  In- 
dians, called  Esqui- 
meaux. 

Captidn  Boss,  on 
the  northern  shores, 
found  a  race  of  ig- 


norant nativea.  who 
imagined  his  ships  to 
be  huge  birds.  On 
the  cliffs  he  found 
red  snow. 

The    settlements 
nri»  Lishtenau,  Lieh- 
1  ten/elt,    and     NtVt 
Hemet. 


Eaqnimaaq^apaariiig  a  Walrua. 

BBITISH  AMEBIOA     • 

Includes  New  Britain.  Canada  East,  and  Canad>(  Vest.  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  Ne'wfoundland. 

New  Britain  is  noted  for  its  cold  climate,  for  its  saTayfs  or  Esqnimeauz  Indians,  aid  for 
its  being  the  ground  or  theater  for  the  operations  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company. 


»..■'  iiMhwiii»fi,tbinira 


AJbairWt-(W^V  -V«ttait.iWjfti';a».%>>..*^A*fc-i.»fe>.<wwaw>liiB[ 


mm 


I.IPOINU. 

(IW, 

lillow. 

I  ri«h  with  g«ld, 

•r. 


ih,   JfuU-M-IM. 

.  U-fUW. 

•  LtiAmml. 

•  Ht-^-kW. 
•■mu. 


UTSfM  Wi 


nativM,  who 
)d  bis  ships  to 
(3  birds.  On 
Bs   he   found 

iW. 

I    settlements 

htenau,  Lieh- 

and    N**» 


Nova  Sootia, 
idians,  aid  for 


mmmm 


BRITi.HU    AMEIIICA. 


16 


Th«  natlTM  llT«  mostly  on  seal.    In  traveling,  thfy  are  drawn  by  a  T.ry  fins  kind  of 

^"?1.:Sl?h*h\Ti^dlng*l;i;u';I.*.^^  the  mo«tl,.  of  most  of  the  rivers,  wh.r.  th.  Indians 
come  to  exchange  their  furs  for  blankets,  guns,  beads.  &o. 

COUNTRIES    AND    TOWNS. 


Oanada   West- 
Kingston  is  found  N.  E.  Ontailo's  roar, 
While  west  the  lake  is  Hamilton  In  Gore  ; 
Toronto  to  the  N.  W.  finds  a  llome, 
Am  north  the  lake,  Port  Hope  and  Coburg  come. 

Oanadia  Baai. 
In  the  lower  Province,  Montreal  lives  ever, 
Upon  an  island  in  St.  Lawrence  River  ; 
And  down  the  stream,  one  hundred  eighty  miles, 
Quebec  to  heaven  heaves  up  bur  giant  piles ; 
A  fortress  strong  on  a  high  promontory, 
And  famed  in  song,  in  history,  and  story. 
New   Bninawlok. 
St  Johns,  apd  Frederiokton,  New  Brunswick  keeps, 
Where  the  St.  Johns  along  her  pathway  sweeps ; 
West  of  St.  Johns,  and  cast  the  young  St.  Croii, 
St  Andrews  lites,  by  commerce  her  employ. 
Nova  Sootla. 
Yarmouth  on  Nova  Scotia's  wistcm  border, 
Where  Fundy't  tide  rolls  up  in  wild  disorder. 

And  Halifax,  near  the  peninsula's  center, 
Known  for  her  port  where  the  largest  crafts  may  enter; 
With  vessels  of  all  kinds,  this  place  is  full, 
But  chiefly  with  the  War  ships  of  John  Bull 

Tho  northern  shores,  which  Picton  has  a  seat  on, 
With  Sidney,  on  tiio  island  of  Cape  Breton, 
Are  noted  for  theif  coal  the  world  all  over, 
Which  mineral  freights  full  many  an  ocean  rover. 


Canad^k  West. 

Hotcd  M  bf  inc  ih«  moat  prcxluetiTt,  uid 
b«tt  trUlcd  of  ih«  Ilritiah  PomcmIom  in  V. 
A. ;  sir  J  for  th*  inUlliKcnM  oi  iU  iiihabl- 
|»nU.  who  ftr*  moatly  uf  nn  Englith  origin. 
,  Th«  Mil  ia  •  fln«  dark  loam,  miicd  with  • 
Iftgeublc  luoula,  »nd  is  unaurpasMd  for  ill 
pro<lD«liT«n«M. 


Canada  Sast. 

Tb«  mlUf  »ied  portion*  li«  ia  ib«  Tallcy  of 
tb«  B%.  L«wr«n«a. 

U  liaa  the  •linikU  of  Sw«d«n,  tbough  Um 
ikkitud*  of  Fnin««. 

Tb«  rTtntb  languag*  i*  •hitfty  ipeksa. 


New  Bnmfwick. 


Noted  for  iU  immcLM  qnanti^  of  lumbwi 

moatb 

Fr« , 

8t.  Johni  li  Ih*  lurgwt  lowo, 

St.  Aadraw*  la  tha  aaeoad  In  popnlatlaa. 


ntly  pina. 

rriiuricktoB,  »n  tba  St.  JFohna  Rlvar,  ia  tha  aapltaL 


Nova  Scotia. 

A  peninauU  aonth  of  N«w  Bninawiek,  hav- 
ing •  rugged  atony  ooait.  Noted  for  ooal  and 
gypaum.    Climate  mild ;  tabjeot  to  fc^. 


NKwroCKPLAKD,— A  barren,  hilly  ieland  in 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  abounding  with 
.good  barbora,  and  noted  for  the  greatest  ood- 
nahcrioa  in  the  world. 


Ab  leebevg. 


;•> 


fctSidCi-*!  ..«.*.  --  *-.j,4trt.«»»»*« 


-^fiti.inw-|it>yji 


!il 


I- 
I.: 


H.  ■■. 


UNITED   STATES. 


I 


Noted  u  b«iog  the  largest,  most  enlightened  and  powerfiil  ropubHo  on  the  glob«. 
Bounded  by  the  Atlantic  on  tho  eaat,  and  the  Faciflo  on  the  wcBt    Having  an  area  of 
more  than  2,000,000  square  miles. 

I.-EASTEllN   STATES. 

Maine. 

In  Maine,  Augusta,  on  the  Ken-me-beek, 
Full  60  miles,  if  right  I  recullect ; 
There  Hallowell,  for  granite  we'll  remember, 
And  Bath,  for  building  $hipi  of  white  oak  timber. 

Ban-gor  in  lumber  trades ;  as  boardt  and  plank, 
And  takes  her  place  upon  Pe-nob-scot's  bni:k, 
0-ro-no,  Frankfort,  Bucksport,  au<i  CaRtliie  (teen). 
On  the  same  banks,  by  the  aame  glowing  stream. 

Portland  by  Casco  Bay,  chief  town  in  llainc, 
InJUkeriet  and  commerce  holds  her  reign. 

Nvw  Hampshire. 

Portsmouth  her  harbor  boasts,  and  sits  supine, 
Where  meets  Pi-icat-a-qva  the  Tolling  brine. 
Up  the  same  tide  is  found  Great  Falls  and  Dover ; 
Ai  on  Conneeticnt  is  fair  Ilanovcr. 

And  Concord  on  tho  Mer-ri'-maek  may  rest  her, 
Ai  further  south  is  Nash'-na  and  Manchester. 


\ 


Notctl  for  lU  TMt  foTMto  oC  lumber,  for  itip 
building,  ud  for  being  Um  meet  nortbwuUni 
•t  .U  io  tb*  Union. 

It  wiM  •  pnHorMaMMhaMttotill  1820,  when 
it  bcoame  •  trpArate  itAte. 

The  elinuit«  it  «uld  and  hMlthy. 

The  ooMt  ia  rugged,  «nd  tbe  barbon  nnmrr- 
oui. 

A  Irnve  part  is  etill  eorcred  with  forc»ta. 

It  ia  bettor  adapted  to  gracing  than  agricul- 
tore. 

Atumtta  If  Bated  u  the  -Mpllal. 
nijlowall  Hr  fruiita  qurriM. 
BsthftiribliiVilMlnf. 

Porileod  tor  eonaereeaMl  aeherieiiaad  aabelBglhe 
Urgeet  town  la  Mala*. 

Hew  Hampshire. 

Called  th*  Granite  Btete.  Noted  for  tLe 
White  Monutains. 

The  eurfaaa  it  Icrt-l  on  the  eoatt 

It  aboiinti*  in  riwra,  lak«e  and  raoantaiu. 

The  toil  ia  b<  ttir  fitted  for  grating  than  till- 
age. 

The  elimate  ia  eold  and  healthy, 

Ctnfrd  It  noted  at  Ih*  eapluL 


s 


KM^JiSm^ 


<>ilUlHta«nartlw«Mi 


Tn.  t'-."r''-'i*-'-"'^^°"'-^'-^^  ■- '  -""-■^■^■— ■ — -**■ 


9^ 


B  g1ob«. 

ving  &n  area  of 


(lumber,  for  i'ip 
nMtt  northeiuU-ra 

ttUtiU  1620,  when 

•Ithy. 

Im  harbon  nninrr- 

d  with  forcnU. 
day  than  agricul- 


iri«i,w4MktlatUw 

lira. 

Noted  for  Uie 

eo*»t 

•nd  roounUins. 
'  graaing  than  till- 


\ 


N 


EASTERN    STATEfi. 


17 


▼craiomt*  ^ 

Montpolier,  near  the  conti-r  of  the  atat<>, 

On  Onion  Rivtr,  rulct  o'er  amali  and  great. 
Windior  upon  ConntdinU  miiy  reign, 
Aa  Burlington  ia  found  an  Likt  Champlain, 
And  OUtr  Crnk  has  fiiir  Vergennca'  upon  her, 

Known  for  the  JltH  of  Commodore  McOonough  ; 
And  Mid-dle-bu-ry  on  thia  tide  may  tarry, 

Known  for  her  collet/e  and  Iter  marble  quarry.  ' 

And  Bennington,  aouthwott  of  all,  we  mark 

Famed  for  the  victory  of  Qcncral  Stank.    * 

Maaaactauactta. 

Boxlon  and  Charleatown  both  together  lay, 
With  Cambridge,  bom  bj  MiiH.sftchuK«tts  Bay. 

Lynn,  fnmud  fur  nhoi^H,  fur  codtiflh  Marbichcad, 
Salem  for  wealth,  gained  in  the  India  trade. 

Gloucester  for  macierel  and  cov^hing  both, 
And  Newburyport,  for  commerce  farthest  north. 

Lowtll  on  Merrimack,  a  far  famed  weaver. 
For  which  ia  known  both  Taunton  and  FoU  River. 

As  Springfield,  for  her  armory,  we  hail. 

New  Bedford  and  Nantucket  fish  for  whah, 

Plymouth,  known  for  the  Pilgrim  Fathers'  landing. 
By  Cape  Cod  Bay,  in  Maasachuselta  atanding. 

And  Worceater,  that  'a  near  the  Bay  State's  center, 
Aa  a  great  thoroughfare,  we  next  will  enter. 

Connecticut. 

And  Hartford,  Middletown,  and  Say'-brook  bide, 
Faat  by  Contucticue a  unfailing  tide. 

New  London,  Bridgeport,  Fairfield  and  Nno  Haven, 
With  Norwalk  by  Long  T$lund  Sound  are  graven. 

Aid  Stonington,  aoutheast  of  all,  we  hail,. 
That  with  New  London,  fish  for  ttai  and  whal*. 

lOtaode  Uland. 

Among  her  fisotories.  Providence  makes  her  stay, 
On  her  own  streaiu,  by  Narra-gan-ttU  Bay : 

And  Newport,  on  Rho        land  finds  resort. 
Well  fortiued  and  noted  for  h^t^port. 
From  Providence  north,  Pautucket  find*  a  seat, 
Aa  north  of  Newport,  Bristol  next  we  greet 


Vermont. 


Notfd  for  the  Green  Mountains,  and  fur 
tha  Kiilvrprwa  of  ila  hanly  tnlialnUiita. 

A  lariin  |Mjrtion  ol  it  i«  ilill  rovrml  with  timVr. 

Ifio  villejri  ara  wall  atla|ile<l  l<>  tillage  anil  Iha 
hill*  tu  graiiiiH. 

'I'lui  niaiiufa>-1urra  are  not  eitonaive. 

The  climata  la  rold  and  the  winlfn  aevtre. 

Moirrrauaa  ii  nniiil  ••  iliu  capiial. 

VarjicnnM,  ri  lirinit  lh«  plaoa  wliera  MoDnnnuili 
Hitml  mil  hit  Ural  fur  Ihs  oalabraltd  baltlti  on  Lala 
Champlmn  • 

Middlabunr,  Ibr  iia  aollafa  and  flaa  inafMaquairiaa. 


Massschuflctta. 

Called  the  Bay  8uto.  Noted  for  iU 
wealth,  and  the  active  part  it  took  in  the  great 
atruggia  for  the  liboity  aiid  independence  of  otu 
oountTf, 

The  eaatem  part  ia  uneven,  and  the  weatem 
mounUiinoua.  Mount  Tom,  Mount  Ilolyoke, 
Saddle  Mount  and  Wachuaett,  are  celebrated 
peaka. 

IlnaTim  li  notnl  as  the  tapliat,  and  aa  tha  larfttt 
town  III  Nrw  Kiigland. 

rharlaalnwn  tor  iha  Hiinknr  Ilill  Moiiamen« 

Canibrldfa  for  iii  utuvrriity. 

Inrna  Ibr  tha  manuraclur*  o(  •hoea. 

Mnrbleripid    fnr  IUcod-fi«hrriri, 

Balam  tut  III  wtallh,  obtained  in  ih*  India  trade. 

Oloui-aaltr  'at  eod  and  niarkersl  Rihtrlei. 

Nnwburyji.in,  Iha  mott  noriharn  town  in  Iha  Blata, 
ror  eoininorc), 

lx)w>'li,  ••  the  flrti  town  in  manulkolurine  In  tba 
Unilnil  Sitiei.  * 

N«w  Bedlbrd  and  NantuekrI  for  whain  Aiharlei. 

Pljrmoulh  for  iha  landing  of  I'ilgrim  Father*,  18*0. 


Conneotlcnt 

Noted  fur  the  Ingenious  character  of  its 
inhabitantii,  and  for  ila  aclioola. 

'i'he  common  achool  Aind,  in  this  state,  ia  over 
two  millions  of  dollara. 

It  has  been  diatinguiahed  for  Ha  men  of  genius 
and  learning. 

HABTtoBii  and  Nsw  HAVSKsrs  Iha  eapitala. 


Rhoda  Xaland. 

Noted  sj  the  smelliest  state  in  the  union. 

It  eonaista  moatlv  of  the  ahorea  and  iaknda  of 
Narraganaett  Bay,  Uiat  give*  it  great  advantsges 
for  navigation. 

Pbovisbmcb  ia  noted  aa  ihe  eapilal,  likawiae  for  lie 
manuAiotarea,  aa  wall  aa  being  the  aaal  of  Brown 
Univaraiijr. 

Newport,  aa  a  oava)  ataUoa,  tat  ila  fertlleatloas 
and  lu  ezeellani  harbor. 


^-    ...Wwl.^ 


mmmKmmmm 


mt 


18 


POITSOAL    OIQORAPHT. 


•  '       •       II.-MIDf LE   STATES. 
Vmw  TMrtu 
la  N«w  York  8Ut«.  wIwm  Hudwn  m^  tha  brine, 
N«w  York  and  Drooklyn  b  their  iriula  combine. 
On  Ihe  •i.me  Udo,  Wert  Point  wid  Newburg  •Uy : 
Poughkeepeie,  Hudson,  Troy,  »nd  Albiuiy. 
Soheneotiidy.  with  Utle*  »nd  Boine, 
Upon  the  KrU  Channtl  find  a  home. 
Here  flymciu*  and  RocheitUr,  wo  mc— 
The  iMt  la  on  thn  River  Oonouvo.  % 

Then  Drockport  oome«,  with  Lockport  in  the  mow  ; 
A«  Buffalo  i«  found  on  Erie'*  nhoro. 

Froi  i  Buffalo  east,  takes  Attica  her  faro  { 
la  Oeneuee,  Batavia  has  a  share. 
Then  Canandaigua  in  Ontario  vio-iT ; 

A«  atandi  Geneva  ea«t,  with  Watorloc. 

Auburn  is  "seated  by  Owasco  tide . 

South  of  Cayuga,  Ithaca  is  spied. 

Oiford  and  Norwich  in  Chenango  trace  ; 

In  Courtland  County,  Oourtlwid  has  a  place. 

Bath  in  Steuben,  Elmira  in  Chomung ; 

Owego  next,  then  Blnghampton  in  Broome. 
Near  Saratoga,  Ballston  makes  hek  quartan, 

And  both  are  notad  for  their  miaeral  waters. 

Salem  in  Washington,  with  Sandy  Hill ;  i 

Whitehall  ia  where  Champlain's  dark  waves  dlatil. 

Ticonderoga  lives  by  Lake  ChampWa,  Ireign. 

Where  stands  Crown  Point,  and  PlptUburg  holds  her 
Oswego  sits  beside  Ontario's  border ; 

While  on  th*  asatem  coast  i»  Sackett's  Harbor. 

A  plMoe  to  Watartown,  Black  River  warranU ; 

Aa  Og^msbirgh  is  found  upon  PA.  Lawranca. 

• 

Now  JefMy. 

Trenton,  thai  takaa  from  Jeraay'a  ahora  bar  fara, 
la  on  Um  aMt«»  side  of  JMawart. 
Than  Biwdontown,  from  Trenton  south  is  seen, 
with  Borifaigton  and  Oamden  down  the  stream. 
Freehold  hi  Mmunoutii,  known  for  Mmunouth  baftla. 
PrkiaatMS  H.  B.  firms  Trenton,  delgna  to  settle. 

When  t&ymt  BMritan  pours  foftb  bar  watara. 
New  Brwiswiek  stands,  nad  Amboy  makwhtrquartert, 


rslletl  lh«  Enipii*  itsta.  Noted  for  Its 
eamla,  reUnahK  ottoiwiv*  comnMrea,  tnA  lU 
gTMt  itoUtkal  liilluaiink 

tin  populatiun  m  vmimt  iImii  tny  d«lMr  itoia  la 

11m  route  ftom  New  Yotk  to  BuBio,  m  m» 
ol  Um  giMlMt  Utorauchfcn*  Ia  lb*  world. 

Tha  aemmj  an  liw  Hndnn  ia  of  •  Mbllais 
•ml  Impoalnt  rhaiartar. 

"ha  ifaMmUMU  <>n  Utla  rtvar  ara  gdabratail  for 
«aad  *im1  graiutanr. 

ALi.in.  nil  lh«  Mu4Ma,  tj  noMd  M  «fca  €«|»t«l 

N<w  Vuik,  •(  lb*  mouih  of  ih«  lladMin,  ■•  b«ing 
lb«  l*ri**>,  »<Mt  •omnMraial,  and  lin|ior«aHi  town  In 
AoMriaa. 

Woi  Point  fo*  In  military  a«a4amy. 

Wm  Siitfl  aixl  Auliurn  for  aiala  prtiaaa 

Ullea  fbc  til*  Hi«ta  Lunall*  Atylutl. 

Beh<>n«iiii<l|r  fur  t'ninii  (Villaga. 

ayr«cut«  i<)f  iu  »«li  WOT** 

Rnahfdiir  flir  ll»  flouring  lailla. 

lAKilipori  fc.r  li»ro«lir  unil  •ipon«»»  *»Ral  lo*»i. 

MaflUo  ■■  on«  of  lh«  Hia«l  eoinmoroHl  town*  i*  ih* 
OnlMS  Siaia*  on  tlio  lln»»  of  two  ih«  tr*«t**t  iboroudto- 
(kr*a  lit  Am*rloB— Ih*  K»la  Cniial,  and  Niagara  and 
Lak*  Ontario  route*.  * 

BalliMMi  and  Haratnn*  for  ntiiiaral  watara. 

Oawafo  ••  thi  principal  port  on  l.ak*  Unlarlo. 

Ilackdl*  lUrlior  for  nballl*  fouflil  during  Ika  laal 
war  with  I'ron  llritoin. 

W«i«riown  itor  it*  iwalnaaa  and  minufli<itor»a 

Uriaaaburfh  aa  lying  a4)aaaM  to  Canada  Imi. 


Tha  dty  rf  Naw  York  la  OM  of  Om  niort  tev 
puttaiit  towna  In  tlia  workl.  It  ia  aitualad  al  lh« 
^oirth  of  Um  Hutlaon,  on  aa  Uuid  aboat  Msan 
mUaa  in  langUi.  ,  . 

It  ia  tWlatl  by  vagpab  from  all  MUla  of  Um 
wcrM.  Mail  ataamera  am  ifaiily  aniving  Hmhi,  ft 
(lepartini  tbr  fimitpn  porta. 

Broadway  b  ona  of  tiia  flnaat  atraato  in  Uw 
world  and  Um  Park  PtNHitain  one  of  Um  aity'B 
gnalaal  omamenta  Amonf  Um  pubtk  builtUnga 
wa  laay  umUon  Trinity  Church,  •  goUiie 
m%  baviai  a  sp*"  «  *»pK  ••  ■»"  '^'-' 


Noted  for  mannfaeturea,  eanala,  railroads 
and  Its  lavoiaUorMiy  MdMila 

The  wuUwm  part  iafaanm  and  Urinly  sMad; 
tha  norUMm  pMt,  roach  and  ■MoMabooai  (ha 

middia  Bsrt  la  aitnmaly  fcrtlb.  _  ^  . 

Andaa  and  psMhaa  are  laiMl  lb  tnat  abaml. 

anoa'fai  Um  aoulhem  paH. 

TIm  PhttiidalpUa  Mud  Htm  Yeik  wnfcela  sm 
aoppOwl  w**  Uisir  baat  ftato  *•■  th»  *al* 

Kwmt,  on  *•  IWaaraw,  la  naMd  aa  th^.eaj.  W^. 

FnahoM  lanawifcriSa  •^'I'i^STS&TSl 
Ik*  OanilnaBial  army  uj»l«r  Oaa.  WaahingMa. 


MMP 


wmmm 


Notad  for  Ha 


0  BuflUa,»f>« 
Iha  worU. 

1  !■  of  t  wbliM 

•n  giWbrvtail  for 


4  llwlMin,  ■•  iMing 
liuiiortBHl  town  In 


lamr 
lun. 


>nMv«  ««mI  iMki. 
Miroill  town*  I*  th« 
l«frMMMIhutl>u|tl- 

1,  and  Niaatf*  auO 

• 
ril  watnrt. 
1 1i4k«  UnlaHo. 
ifhl  during  Ik*  Iwl 

il  nuniifliolarr*' 
to  Canada  Eaat 


(t  ia  AimImI  •(  th« 


m  all  |Mrti  of  ttw 
ly  wiiving  Aom,  cr 

iKBt  itraaU  in  Uw 
I  am  of  Ih*  aily'a 
iIm  pubUe  buiUinfi 
ich,  •  gothie  alracii 


,eMato.rftiIro«dt' 

)  and  thinly  MliM  I 
■MOiriainoaii  Ika- 
la. 
iaad  iti  giMl  almnd. 

I  YtA  wuhala  aia 


I  NoM  aa  •h')  eaplMl 
eafllaiiaiaa»k.*«nlw 
LM7oam««itia,aad 
a.  WaaiuHftaa. 


MIDDLB    aTATKI. 


Itf 


From  Ambojr  north,  Elisaba'Jitowii  wa  vUw; 
In  Morria,  Troy  ami  MorriaUum  are  two. 
Upon  Paaaaia'a  iMnka,  NflWRrk  hsa  growa  ; 
Aa  (krtbar  up  the  rtraui  ia  PatteraoB. 


rrrraavRMi. 


Th«r«  Sehflj^iii!  and  the  Xhlavart  conrene, 
la  Philadelphia,  oldeat  ohi!<l  of  P«nn. 
A<;d  Harriaburg,  the  atate  metropoiia. 
On  Soaqnehanaah  River,  non«  can  miaa, 
•Bore  Harrubarg,  Northumberland  may  tarry : 
Aa  in  LiiMn|«  k  ona,  called.WiIkeabarra. 

Ifaueh  Ohunk  in  Carbon,  where  the  Ltkiffh  poura ; 
Honeadale  in  Wayne,  where  LaekmmmH  roara. 
miford,  jft  Pike,  rnd  Stroudaborg  in  Monroe, 
Soaton  where  DtUmart  wad  LAigk  flow. 
Brkmd  in  Buoka.  'bove  PhUadolphU'a  landing ;   . 
Ohaater  below,  in  Delaware  ia  atandin«r. 
F^fw  Philadelphia  weat,  tkrt«  teort  and  I«m^ 
Laneaater.  in  Laneaater  county,  view. 
On  BehaylUU  banln,  ia  om  called  Norriatown ; 

There  Beading  keepa ;  there  PottaviUe  aita'ter  down. 

From  Reading  weat.  ia  Lebanon  the  while ; 

York  Uvea  in  York ;  in  Onmberland  Carliale. 

ProB  Onmberland,  i»j  Ohamberabarg  aouthweat ; 

Aa  aoath  fai  Adana,  Cktttyaburg  may  reat. 
Where  Allci^aDj  joiwn  Monongahek, 

Pittabwg  b  fgnnd,  tiiough  anoke  and  ooal  emceal  her ; 


THaimi  tM  rnMabM  lr«  lltcwiM  Mlakrawd  Ibf 

»«iil««  l...i«hl  •liiiln«  lh«  H#t,iluli»«,  IM  all  •f  «k»k 

i^*w«(k,  aoMil  Alt  Ika  nimmuaiara  »f  thMt  turf 


a  raii«r««ii,  auM  kf  111  tauaa  manuteauinaa. 


Pannaylvanla. 

Notad  for  eoal  mlnf*  tnil  Iron  manurac- 
liirm;  «n.|  m  (wing  Um  cantor  of  lb«  Allivghaiit 
Mouniaiiw. 

'Ifia  nuMitUNiiu  aitonil  Ihriugh  (Iw  nikldU  «/ 
iHa  ilatii,  Ivitting  tha  rMtitli»M«l«m  mmI  kiiiJj. 
wpal«m  porlliina  Ui»rl,  m  iiiHliilaiiiig. 

Il  la  ihe  tint  maiiuni-tuttng  atata  in  Iha  union, 
aiwl  U  Ihfl  rir  haal  in  minxnila. 

'nm  iron  nilnmi  i<  tliia  atala  am  rtraal  mtWTrm 
of  wi'allli.  ami  chlcrly  aiipiil;  ihe  nianufiurturing 
aataMiahin#nto. 

riwi  i'ual  bmla  ara  liMiihau«<ilil(i,  yinMiiig  nvrr 
two  niillinna  of  Ion*  annually  ;  «ru|  In  r«->l  linport- 
«n<^  an<l  worth,  ara  mor*  valualila  than  ih*  koI.I 
mu\«m  oT  Mitiko,  or  (Janlornia.  On  ih*  raatarn 
•W"  of  tiM)  inouMlNin*  la  ioiin<l  iIm  anllira<ilf,  of 
hafJ  coat ;  on  Ih*  waat  liiliiininoua,  or  aiin  coal, 
fittaliunt  ia  near  Um  cvnlcr  of  Um  Uluminoua 
coal  rogion. 

Wh.'al  ia  lh<t  primipal  product  of  tha  •oil, 
though  rom  ami  other  uraina  ara  raiaed  in  great 
abuiHlanra. 

lU  population  ia  aeconJ  to  nona  but  N*w  Votk. 

Hsvarat  IxiUiaa  w<ir*  fought  in  tliia  atata  daring 
the  roToluUonaiy  KniKHlo.  Val^y  Korgn,  twenty 
niilaa  northweat  of  1'liila.h-lpliia,  i«  Imawn  aa  tha 
piaca  where  (ien.  Waahlngion  inmia  hie  winter 
quaJtans  daihig  tha  liariuai  houra  uf  the  contaat. 

!'*?•!'^'?^  •"  '^  *«*q"«haiinak.  la  Ihe  eaaiML 

l-AiladalpkJa  I*  nkted  aa  twing  Iha  largaM  wwn  la 

Ika  ataia.  .'ml  aaeond  In  tk*  i;nil*d  Biaiaa.    Ii  I*  dl*. 

iliiguiahwt  tor  :•«  kamaiM  and  lliarary  InttlMianai 

•oaong  wkick  ara  Ujrard  Cbllaaa,  fef  ornkana,  ika 

ihoJ  fcriha  Wlad.  and .«,  to,  SaJ^adTJIb  mV^ 

irawwai  Wai««  Worka,  wfcleh  auppl' 


Pair 


•apply  • 


-.A"??'*"*  '<*•?•  "^  •  y«alym  pi««a  a^cng 


^  te«^ia«>lahad  4r  eaal  iiiaaa  ia  i  .  *Wni^- 

S^ikT^f"""*"*^  ■'•^''"'"  ""^  *^ 

^Pahe*illa,MMrb 

fer  ik*ir  «*•(  mlnaa. 

a«***f."^fe.'  ••.W."'!*  *••■»"» »«»».  I 
lAr  mllaa  from  HlilaM|4iia,  en  Ika  aal 
Il  ia  diaiinguithad  tor  lia  ananaiT*  irwi 

|k>MMi  la  iHHad  tot  m  torn  aulla. 

WilketlMirra  tor  liie  mataaei*  nf  dw  labaMlaaia  la 
Ike  WreaiOig  ndler,  Mrtag  limltiiilSS. 


aranotod 

b**eiiM  town,  lilBaiad  alMl 

-'■' ^-'  ■kaylbiU  ->».r. 

w«rk» 


Tba  waria  oT  townal  fnpivaenMRt  hi  lUi 
rtaU  ha«a  gtaaily  fiMfliMed  tha  kitareomaa  with 
tha  aartem  and  waalcm  poMlaaa  of  tha 

Saea   1M4  tha  Raian  of 
haa  laethad  Ha  dna  I 


a^grA'j  : 


i^yAaMMMUMMMk^*. 


I 


f 


pb'lTIOAI'   OBOaiAPHT. 


H«r«  BimuimWn,  »ad  one  c»M«d  AHeghnajr* 
TMr  •tali.m.  Uk«  in  WwUfO  VnomyUtaiA. 
KrM  Ui  irh«Tr»  lAk"  Kri«'«  w»t«»  m'u  #»«ri 
At  B«»»«r  U«i  upon  lh«  Ohio  R«r«r. 

IKlawartt. 

On  y^i^y'i  0»**.  In  D«1»wm«.  l«  D^«, 
Whik  Hmm(^mM,  (dt  Wilmington  U»e«  ortT. 

And  Dclnwuro  City,  with  WflwcMite  Wr, 
On  tbfl  w««l  bank  of  Wfer  Vtlamtv. 


»«Uwnv« 

fn  t»Mrn.«tl.»i.  l*rt  *•»•  •>•'  •  fcrtttol  ■  *• 


UI.-80UTUKBN    STiLTRS. 


Of  ll»ryl«n.ri  townn,  th«  fiml «  Baltimow 
Near  Chc»np«»kc.  nj o.i  Pataptco'i  «hor«. 

And  we»t  from  BaUimore,  mil««  fcrty-*wo, 
Hai  Fredorlcktown  Monoe'aq/.  in  ▼!«» 

On  flb*.w'»  bank,  two  miku  frow  Oh«a-*-p««»* 
An-nap'-o-U«  nk»  Ih*  powerful  «d  i\w  weak. 

A  German  wlUement  U  Ha'  g«»»town, 
Weat  of  tbo  Blue  Ridge  Is  her  etaUon  known 

And  OumJwiUna  of  PoUmM  may  abare, 
•T  b  weat  of  aU  I'v*  owned,  a  thoroughfiiref. 

And  Waahington,  three  hundred  mllea  froni  aea. 
On  the  oaat  bank  of  Potow<M  doth  by. 

0«)rgetown  from  WaahSngton,  Roe*  O*'.  difM* 
Weat  of  i»«*wi«i  AkiaadrUi  hid«. 


ManrlaiUI. 

Hstui (at «iw  c»i«»t*« ''•'?!.^!*fi,^ 

*Jr#«tHi«^MM»wha*tiMi  »*•-«*»  »»/ 

bountluiM  <>i  the  Kl.t.. 
iiu.Uty  of  wh.*L 


I  til*  KTtaMai 


Tl-  Dtaukt  of  Columbia  mm  mM  to  iM 

*>  llnU^  StolH.    .'.U»'       *!«>««••»"•"■ 

NolaA  an  tk«  klrth-pl"*  «'  tba  InuMilnl 
w'«i>iiMl<m.  md  far  liaVinf  ^*w  ^«  vmUmtB 
to  thb  IMmi._  _    _,  _  ^_. ,  ii..«u.4«  .Bd 


Om  huaiMA  Ihj,  tnm  lb*  mo«lh  of  Jwm$, 
In  oU  Vtaginb.  BWiaioi**  — h>«  h«r  cUima. 


RieatiMra  k  Hia  eapW  «l  VhlW^ 
N«Mk  hM  a«aa  l«rtw. »« «»3<*»  *•, 


_..^. adnsUdlwfgMifa 


7«ktowi ».  ««irf  s Jl2n?T«i 


Mi 


(yfMWWlHi! 


MOM  a»l«. 


■Mi  irirn  U>  tk« 
li  I*  UM  |rt««M«l 

o«M  ID  Om 

Km. 

ttmapMsl  of 
n  thn  twl  bank 

)\«  ti>  iWl    oil 


tha  Immortal 
o  iK  ftwtdante 

Mo«nt*iM«BA 

•aintnitei  «« 

■httMkf  (  Wtt 
•fabriMk 


Bitidlwfcnimi 
oTtiMBIiHMt 
»  iMma  ■mM' 
f  dock. 

m,  m  mi. 


i<^!^Kfl^  STltBt. 


H 


iVxm  HMnpkiaRiM(l«,«ii(htmik4,ForfolkIiv«|||»i 
UiKNi  A'ittmttlh't  fiiir,  fltiwing  river. 

VorklDwi),  tip«m  IW*  riMr,  aiU  nioti*, 
W1i«ro  Lord  CgrnwkllU  buwtd  to  WMklngton. 

MMrtli  f  .'•rollmmi 

IU'-Ult{b.  in  Ibn  interior  uf  N.  0.. 
l^etu  rii%r  XcnH,  wUom  hatm  art*  or«r  fro*. 

Nowb'jrBt  t!^«  lMg«al  tow,  •lAndi  by  ibe  yimn; 

Of  Ca^  /Tffff  riiMr,  Fey'-cU^-villn  nikfcea  «M. 

And  WJIniingion  comTii  In  tba  lUnia  n«it. 
Up  II^M  ^MT  r«v#r,  milwt — ^jvat  thiriy'iii. 

iMMlli  CmrollBtu 

Oolttn<bii%  RtAod*  ujMin  the  Con  ga  rt/  ; 
And  tii^orgvCown  dwctta  upon  th«  Ort<a  Ptdtt', — 
A»  Churkitou  liriw  jiMi  Mron  inilM  (h)m  Mft. 
Hunbuiif.  bj  tb«  <Sa  vnn'-n/iA,  k(j«tM  her  •Utiun, 
laat  At  th«  huital  of  itwunboat  nat Igfttion. 

CMiortla. 

Wbera  rolla  0  em'-nfi  waTca,  to  MU'-l»dg«-TUl« ; 
Aofpifl*.  wbtiro  SttmMiah.'i  walcra  ipiU ; 
On  thm  uuoa  Ud«,  Sarannab  mount*  bar  bluff- 
Say,  MveateeB  frum  a«a,  for  (hal'a  enough. 

AtalHumiu 

Ob  AhimmU  breaat,  Monlgomerj  'a  limg ; 
Aa  Ti3»-c»-k>o'-aA  haara  Black  Warrior* t  aong. 
Mobile  i«  weat  the  mouth  of  JMiU  Hit; 
Aa  Bkkely  Uvea  npcn  the  other  aid*. 


JftckKs,  ia  Mbdadppl,  dWuka  tl»«  /Vorr; 
IVwIyWt  wftUm  round  Oolnmboa  ftul : 
A»i  Natohei  «alna  •  rWng  bluff  her  ae^|— 
O'er  MUtttt^ppft  wvn,  tRrae  hundred  faei 
On  fh«  MHM  #^>  b«1ow  ii>«  dark  J!uoo. 
IVom  jaidnon,  west,  Yicka-burgh  ia  in  the  vhw. 


And  N«w  Or-kana'  o'er  Loaiaiana  arnflea, 
(Jp  Mitti»i>ippi'»  atream,  one  hundred  milea. 
.   'BoT*  New  Orkiwa  <»«  Jiuadred,  ten,  at  moat,  [110 
la  Ba-toa  Rouge,  a  military  post. 


Wortfe  Cai-nlbm. 


fur  ll«  Gold   MiBM,  that  yintd 

C^MMot  timit^iy  1  mi,  •!■•,  fin  «h«  llwuiMi 
ramp,  ttiirty  mil**  Iihm|  (ml  i»n  imiIm  wkla. 
It  ia  Uim  umI  wimI^t,  iTir  Mity  'it  wvcnly  mUt« 
ft<«n  )ii«  ruMt.     Ill  Um  liiUriiir,  it  k  tUtljr )  Mul  In 
Um  woatern  |W|1  It  I*  nioimlairi<ni«, 

'ttiia  HiaUi  haa  no  (<mnI  tiaiiKMa.  1'ha  raa«*  mi 
UmiI  wtlh  auMl  iMia  ami  raafc,  llkal  ramlar  n««i£» 

Ntiaiaa,  noar  Ika  nanWf  nrika  Blala,  ifllM  <iasi«tv 
NawtMni  la  ii.iMil  aa  ika  laffatt  Mwtt  ID  thii  ^'••'■ 
M  llminfinn,  tk*  alu«f  emnmanial  >I*|m!M,  la  iioir  j  i< 
iMiufl  tka  irrninaa  uf  an  aitaiiaiva  Una  a(  ittlnMa. 

•otttb  OarolliM. 

Tha  mallaat  of  tlio  Hauth«rn  Rt«t«a  } 
noUkl  tnt  ih*  opuhmoi  umI  Imkiwattml  ckuactor 
(^  Ita  |il«iilara. 

roi.uoaii.  Ill*  rapltNl.  la  imlad  Ibf  lia  naamaaai 
('liarladiiii  ii  ii.<i«<l  aa  iha  laiiitlufUia  AUMIIa  aiilaa 
in  IM  Bouihain  Nialat 

Oaorgia. 

Notad  for  ita  productlona  of  riea  and 
oolbm,  M  wall  aa  Cw  noM  niinaa.  Tha  minm 
ara  fuuml  In  liia  northern  |«rt 

In  lurfiwa  ami  aoll,  it  niaamblmi  (So  ('amlinaa. 
Imligu  rna  onra  raiaiHl  in  larga  qiitntiliM,  but 
niltini  haa  now  lakan  Uui  iaaj  of  all  iithar  prmlurta. 
Hugar  rana  la  raiaail  to  auoia  ailaiil  In  tha 
aoutharii  part 

Miu.*><uaviu.a,  tha  aapllal,  haa  a  plaatanl  atiaatloa. 
Raivannah  It  wMad  aa  balng  Iha  largaal  Mwn  in  tha 
luia,  ana  aa  havUifl  a  tuga  akaia  tfiiMrrni 

Alabama. 

Noted  for  ita  fertile  aoil,  and  rapid  tan 
eraaaain  popalalkm. 

Cottim  la  tha  ehkt  agifeultiml  product. 
Moarraapraat,  on  fUa  Alabama  rlvar,  la  tli«  eayital 
Meblla  la  aala4  In  lia  aiunat*a  mwiaraa. 
Tuitalaaaa,  tha  MMivar  aapltal,  la  a  iaanahim  mwb 


Hitaatad  moctfy  la  the  baaia  or  tha  ma. 
tUnt  riw,.  wUdi  koHMli  it  aa-  iha  wutL 

inthaUBiaB. 
Tka  aatliani  f  gutm  i»  laaal,  wad  tha 


Ifaaff^iiaaafitaltlaaw  Faail  naar. 
laSf^all^^ 


IionWana. 


Notwi  for  ita  great  commeroial  advantagaa, 
and  aa  Um  ckkf  aofa' growing  alata  in  Iha  Uami. 
It  ia  a  l«>w  and  Iml  tnMst,  and  at  tha  aooihara 
part  fcnaa  thadallaof  Iha  graat  Mlaiiidpfl.  Tha 
waHn  oflhe  rivar  wa  hiftvr  than  tha  aummndiBg 
oomUiy,  and  ara  kaot  frnn  mat  flawing  by  laaaaa. 


■riMMadiarflMfMUUM  diibaAaudh* 


POBTIOAL    OlOfiRAPHY. 

ThajHW  niMfdiii  Lo 


And  AleMiMiri»,  tor  ka  twde  in  eo«»»,  || 
Open  iW  t*»w,  mMtnol  be  foigotten  i 

iUA  N«tch.l-tecb«,  w  old  Fwmoh  town  we  enler, 
On  tlM  wm*  iidt,  near  Lottiriana'i  center. 


nifMd  in  LoviaUnn,  ta  1845^  WM 

..Jh    WW  « 

itk.    Hi 

ROlldA. 


M  lIM  If  M*w  T«rk 


8e«M  m  neitii. 

In  Florida  U  Tal-la-W-eee  timA,^  I 

The  aeat  of  rule,  on  elevated  gronnd, 

And  PenHMi-co'-la  stands, .  fiur  to  the  west, 
And  of  the  Oul/  ports  she  is  deemed  the  best. 

Upon  the  eastern  coast,  St  Augnstiae  [auifui-tem' 
Oldest  of  towwr,  beneath  a  sky  serene. 

FtoMDA  is  the  native  state  of  the  S«"»H«JeS2?: 

S.  iSt«mtti«n  pit  of  Jh.  United  State*    It  f«««^  **«■»* 
to  bJS  brt^«Sij  to  tte  Umt«l,8.rt~  in  181». 

ft?tiirSrftoS«^ofi|«^^ 
PwjiMol*  i»  noted  »«  m«»of^wr  rtrtMi,  ma  for  iU  hutw*— 

ths  belt  in  tSe  Oidf  of  Maiiea. 


Austin,  ftom  CS)to«»fo,  shikes  heV  thiwt, 
And  o'er  the  Iione  Stwrifeigns  supreme  and  first. 
Bas-trop',  La  Grange,  Cohimbuo  farther  south, 
With  Mat-a-gor-da  at  flie  river's  mouth. 

Sa-Wne'  U  at  the  moulh  of  dark  SaMmt,  [ta-bm 
And  CW^ves-tom  beside  her  bayja  seen. 
Houston,  northwest  of  Galveston,  we  view. 
On  a  small  stream,  odl'd  £tf<do  Bajfou. 

Ve-W-ca,  where  the  Sratos  meets  the  brine^. 
A  pjace  <rf  much  resMt  in  summer  lime. 

Go'-Uad, » town  on  &m  M-kf-^Ua  snore, . 
When  Vinnhi  died,  with  fidl  ftwr  hni^iMd  more. 


OOSOLA,  8BBUN0LE  OCOBir. 
The  ikove  out  ta  »  *»pMe«ot*lte«  of  0™*MSl 

IEhM*  vfMHWinoat  Oobm, 

Sana. 
The  Lone  Star— noted  for  its*  wld  In- 

^?t^Sd^«  »d«!><«d»tiMto1n|^t 
'  ■nd.in  1848,  it  WM  enneMd  to  the  CMIMiw» 

TexM contrfne eboat  Mx  tiaeo  MinnMtim^ 
totyeePennejflTMiifc     •       ,,^.  ■ '^_ 

IV  diirf  mdMiions  sin  i.ii||j^li*a«f«i  *% 
fumr,  com  tnu  wheat  .'     ....      . 

It  ebowrfi  in  liiiflUo»Mrt  ■»*  **>  k""^ 
thit  wwn  oter  iii  til*  ^*»  1^  ^^ 

The iduOiitaBte an  ■oB^jr BOBiliii U. Wii» 

Sl^ii,  i/ih»  mew  ««— etelriwgn  1«  *•  9mm. 

Tilenie  is  iwlr*  ■•  •  IWMMt  men.    _^',       '. 

,    o3bSte'ifflt>raie.eMg«wteofOii»awl«.^ 


Mp> 


imm 


«'««  .Wttw^J"*** 


wMMtMnta 
BMMncbaMi 


IV. -WESTERN  STATES. 


Twiee  tliirty  milM.  up  the  Arkatmu'  billow, 
O'er  the  north  bank.  ArkanMi  makes  her  pillow. 

Arkansas  State  to  UlOh  Rook  lays  claim, 
That  bf^Arkantat  met  writes  her  name. 

Van  Burea,  near  the  Indian  Territory,     ^ 
Up  the  $anu  tide,  in  woven  in  the  glory. 

And  Bates' -villo  slumben  on  the  river  White, 
Ai,  ta  the  northwest.  Fay'-ette-ville  we  write. 


Arkansa^i 

Lies  wtft  of  the  Mississippi,  and  aotad 
fcr  hodpring*. 

ItWM  wlmittod  into  the  Union  in  1836. 
Along  tha  MiMiMippi.  it  i*  low  oml  unhsslthy. 
IIm  iiitaiior  i«  elevated,  and  enjoyi  a  aalubikNM 
lie. 
sbMinda  wi^  laige  riven,    ^i-. 

LntM  Koca,  Hm  aapHal,  ii  on  Arkasiaa  nver. 

ArkanMi  la  nolad  aa  Ittinf  iba  oldait  lawn  In  tha 
atale;  aeltierf  by  Iha  Fianek  in  1088.  lu  popalaltoa 
ta  MMatly  daaeaataia  of  Fiauek  and  Miana. 


TenneMee. 


OBUV. 
MarOe»U^ 

«^!rfSUiii«ad 
■iadea  of  Fleridl^ 
HddMml>rbhM4 


»  lts<i!apld  in- 
aaing  (x^  bun  a 

mtiMslnKlSSt 
lhalIidNKl8M«' 


"#W*^**«**^' 


M,taa|wttafa|^. 


NMhTillet  of  TkmnnsBB,  la  known  (oaUnd 

ly  the  Oraat  Bendof  JUatr  Cumhirland. 

a  0«l-la-tin  near  Cumttrlani  ia  aean, 
Clarkarille,  on  tkumhrtani,  ia  down  tha  atream; 
Aa  South  ftoiu  NaahTille.  FnoUin  takaaherfbione; 
From  IfMhville  EMtiaatationad  Lebanon. 
And  where  Dutk  Jtiaar  rolls  her  pariinfrtll, 
ColamUa  atanda  with  one  called  Bhel-by-vllle. 
In  RDTB-aa>roBS,  as  Mnr-IVevB-bo-ro  umilea; 
Near  Fagr.«tte-vflle,  Pn-laa-kl  UTea  iu  Uiua. 

Noted  for  the  Cumberland  Mountains ;    Tor  its  healthy  climate  and  fertile  soil, 
divtiiaa,  V  the  Carabeifauid  Idbnntahu,  into  Eaat  and  Wait  Tenneasee. 

Xmtnokjr. 

Where  roUa  the  <Mo,  Msys-Tille  let  ai  freet  ; 


Kinnton  in  Roami;  and  Athena  in  MoMiMs; 
KnoifiHe  in  Kaoz;  aa  OraenTille  Uvea  in  Ouiir. 
Mempbia,  aeenra  tnm  Mu»i»»bni'i  wataia. 
South  Weat  of  all  makea  a  h^h  M^  her  quarteis. 

And  Pnr-djr,  Bol-i-Tar,  andRa-ieiah.  three. 
Stand  with  La  Qranjj^  in  Waarmii  Tsiniiiau; 
Where  Somerville  may  learn  her  pedigree. 
And  North  of  theae  Brownavilla  apd  Jaokaon  trace. 
Where  Trenton  oonea,  and  Pa-ris  finda  a  plaee. 


It  it 


fat 


Paria,  in  Bovm-Boir,  makes  her  auarlers  yei| 
While  I^slngton  ia  aUtioned  in  TaT'Sttx. 
And  Nioh-o-na-TiHe,  In  Jsa-iA-mas,  we  mark; 
Veraaillea  in  Woodtomdi  WiH-ehea-ter  In  Ci,ibbi 
Rieh-BMid  la  BlABiioii;  iriiiU  to  Gaa^'BAao, . 
The  town  called  Lan>oaa-t«r,  we  neat  award. 
Stan-fard  ia  Lw.««ii>a;  DauTille  then  tai  Botu; 
Aa  Har^rads-borg  ia  Mmaa  Uvea  the  while. 

Then  TavloraTille  aad  Shepardaville  we  greet, 
Whifa  tpringfleid  makea  in  Waaataotw  her  siat 
In  Nkuok  BaidilowDi  Oraeaaburr  Uvas  in  Gaiani 
Aa  Ha-ri-oB  atandi  with  Leb-a-non.  betwaaa. 
Calami^  la  A-aaiai  aias-eow  ia  BAa-aaai 
Aa  Bowlinf  Orean  her  atatioa  makia  in  WAaaair.   ■ 
And  Ru8<a8l>vine,  Elk-toa  aad  many  mora, 
With  HopUnsfflle  aad  Priaoelea  join  lha  seen. 

S«ttl«d  by  Daniel  Boone,  in  1769.    It  is  noted  for  its  delicbtfiil  elimata  and  Am  nO, 
(ks  Manaiath  Cava,  and  ibr  tha  brave  aad  haspitable  eharaelar  tt  ita  inhaMtaata. 


In  BaACK-BH,  there  Au-gna<ta  finds  a  aaat. 
New-fort  and  Cov-ing-ton  are  aide  by  aide, 
Where  .JiaafcwMf  Rjpir  joina  her  parent  tide. 
War>aaw  ia  wbera  the  Ohio  MUowa  range 
Wlfli  Car^rfU-taa,  one  Bedford  and  La  Gnn; 
Here  Laa-iB>villa.  the  hirgaaitawn,  hi  aeen  « 
With  Biaa-4M>barg,  that'a  (hriher  down  the  atraaas} 
Aad  flBwa»viBa,  haia  in  BUaotoa  County,  raaka; 
Aa  Ow-en-btKro  monntaOia  VaKaw.BMikar 
Than  HeaWtor-aaa  aad  SmiUi-huid,  each,  are  passed; 
As  eaiB«BPk^««ah  hi  tha  atansa  tast 

DrBBkfert  la  by  txMiaAf»  pvrHnf  riili 
lalhBBan'  Waat,  is  aa«  Med  Shd-byvillei 
OScigaWHB  la  Uearrt  iB!li0a«i.AaCBr>4isla; 
As  Hfaaas  aaas  Cya*dy-a>aa  saUla. 


Of  Indaaa  8tai«,  the  luUag  MtM, 
Dpoa  Wkt  IMk,  ii  In'^di-an-ap'-o-lis. 

Hnown  for  her  vineyards,  by  the  Okio't  tide, 
Where  lives  New  A&any,  is  Ytraj  a^ed.. 


Bmallest  of  the  Wect«n  States,  tboafh 
oBtsTdiaaMatfeHaaand  BnaunoB 


.ItnsiflMBiOMafaiasBlka,Mil , 

The  psMia  of  Ms  sMa,  as  «mI  as  hi  si  flf  Iks 
Weaism  ifolsa^  am  dda^y  saiplsysd  b 


'^'*>**»»»*Mfil.  ^^fc^..- 


KMH 


^■A^^^^atti.^»i  M 


34 


FOBTICAL    GlOOBAPHy. 


On  Om  tarn  tUU,  mtkt*  MsdiMm  Ur  Iftir ; 
Where,  from  CJolumbus,  drlre*  U»*  .  Atlroad  oar. 
With  Lawrenoeburg  let  Ounbridge  Oity  mis ;    • 
Thongh  apace  divide*  theia,  milea,  jurt  aeTen^  dz. 
ViiMMMi^  T«i»  Hurt*,  idd  Oojtaalo^jwiMk  tto«Art«] 

Th«%  NpU  kwiMt  thm,  I^MMMt  li  knoimt 
llMKHuIPwa,  V/ihmk,  anl  Hunliiiftaa. 

Bottlli  Said  iswiMM  m.  Jmpkt  UUo«n  biMh( 
Aa  Mkhim  Citjr  MittM  ibo»«  Um  LoAc 


OoloBibaa  raigna  apon  Ohio'a  aoQ, 

While  at  her  feet  Seuicft  watera  boM. 

With  Btenbenville,  and  one  called  Marietta, 

On  the  Ohio  tid»,  k  Oindnnali. 

And  SIdnej,  Troy,  and  Dayton,  find  a  home, 

Upon  Miami' t  banka.  with  HanUtoa. 

Cleveland  ia  north,  where  Sri*  obanta  her  ditlj ; 

Ai,  weat  from  Cleveland,  atanda  Sanduaky  City. 

Lower  Saadoaky,  where  8€mdfak}f$  billow 

Givea  Tiffin,  and  Baeyma,  each,  a  {mIIow. 

In  Ot-t»-wa',  Port  Clinton,  finda  a  spot; 

Horon,  in  Erie,  moat  not  be  fatma^. 

Hmm^mA  Maa^tM,  wUb  M««BtV«Moi^  Wn 
-       Blli,MMlb;w!ril>Woaiflwli««iB  Wagriw. 


PtaM  Bill,  MMlk ;  wMto  wooMW  aw 

And  MMAor  Wqriw ii MBWrnm *■ 

A%  Bflrth,  ¥•*»,  Mia  Byri^  ■»«. 
MoiAOHl  «r  4  wlMN  taM  ttM  dHk 


Okarid<] 

And  Peftyabotg  Bvee  by  the  Mcmmm  Mrtam; 
WkM«.  fciihar  dowB,  Ttolada^atanreta  beam. 
t(ndirMtW«t,aMWWI, 


,mmtkiti 
ZmmvOI*,  o'«r  JfaWyitMo : 
MsOoMiilfTilla  ia  aaatod  down  the  1{d«. 


SS^^H? 


Wtm  Oterdnd.  mm*,  alngthe  tow^pctt  aide, 

MlMi  Md  Iterita  ti«  iStanriaa  ^iaw  i 
Urn  Boivtf  aad  PfaOadd^  «M» : 
Po^ooloB  Mxt.  then  Bawaih,  Clulvrtti.— 
Tkk  hMt  ia  wImm  Afeto^a  wnvaa  diaiD  i 


In  com.  mhmt,  Mf,  imt  mi  f^  m 
faivMlwawMiMkwMt  hdtf  Iha  tmk  aM- 
Mwry  In  dw  EiMm  Buan. 

I»u«4Ni.ii^ «  Will  r«k,  «r  Wfcto  fhw, 

In  Km  tUM. 
Mkiiigui  City  iiUw  «il7  |wd 


Oblo. 

Called  the  Buck  Bye  Stat*.  Itiad*^ 
Ma  or  mo>nt>in%  Owi^  hUly  «d  imiate 
riBiia<h»wl»«yofth»oaoiby. .    .  ^ 

LinM  pniifai  «•  bond  at  Ika  hMd  WMM  rf 

Iba  Bdoto  and  MnAbifian. 
into  alata  h  noMd  far  pMftwaMh  mm  i 
crmmIb  Mnolalian. 
UlMBttoaadibaOWaiHw  gifa  il  p«al  a<. 

iTwaiiaMllMiaalalaaal'fW.yct.iB  ftM  tt 
to  Iha  ihU  rtala  in  Iba  Uoioa. 


C«.«n»«»,  (ka  capM,  to  ikaalad  «te  m^ 
baafcarthaSetoloriw.    !to  idla  waa  Niariad  in 
ltl9,MiliaaMl«nbab|^ 
•a  anlfaa  wiUafaaik 

OMbiiMli,  ataalid  on  IhaOUa  ftw.iafta 


■oolkwart  part  af  Aa  iMa,  to  aaa  arte  hMrt 

BBDdMB  Mid  RHMiV  VWB  ■^MBHHi^V^  ^^H  w^^^w 

^^^LalawTiwIa.     tya«%lB 

i|  la  !•••, 


BaMa  ad  Laia  Siia  mM.     iw  «>?•■ 
ITTt.   inm'-^  M  Wt  iahaMMiit  la  IMt, 

tfn  iMd  naahai  aa  l([|^  aa  fMM  taai  •  ma 
ZmI  teakpaW^aMaaii  MMea  _. 


idiftoari^la' 
«i<a«i.l«i> 


•SB 


RH 


»WH|«I«VWMIMV*' 


96 


POBTIOAL    aSOQRA.PHT. 


jSif!» 


SpriQgfieli  is  c»pit»l  of  Illinoia,    (DUnoy) 
When  rirer  6in'-ga-mon  her  notet  employ. 
C9il-oft'-go  reign*  the  chief  of  all  the  oI«d, 
With  Little  Fort  beside  Lak«  Miehigm.        ^ 
LiO<i|qx|^nd  Ju-Ii-et'  with  Dresden,  twain, 
Are  ndR^cAgo,  on  the  daric  Dtt  Plaint.  (De  Plafat) 

m 

KbA  MnoU,  to  OU»-wa  may  roar, 

P«ni,  P*<»-fW^  w»<l  Ha-wn-M— Cwr : 

Thm  UMnbtownoomei^  and  Mer«^(HiUi'i  Mto ;    . 

All  ew>t  thb  tkk,  \t  Curtolton,  in  Gro«ne. 

Oa-le'-oa,  noted  for  her  mines  of  load, 
Northwest  of  all,  by  Fever  River  bred, 
Rock  Island,  first  on  MUiutippi  view. 
And  then  the  Mormon  city,  called  Nan-voo. 
Then  Warsaw  comes,  and  Qiiincy  next  we  rhyme ; 
And  Al'-ton,  noted  for  her  eoal  and  linu. 
Kos-kas'-kia,  a  French  town  further  south, 
With  Cairo  seated  by  Ohio'i  mouth. 

And  Hhell^vilie,  VamlAlia,  and  Carlulc, 
Along  tha  banka  J  Mr  Kaikadkia  amile. 
Monmouth  and  Knoxvilia  mar  each  olhn  raat; 
Maoon  r.-v^  Carthage,  from  Proiia,  wait. 
And  Rwbvilla,  WoodviUe,  and  Columbua,  tfiiong; 
'    Near  (4idncj,ia  the  plaoatbby  all  belong. 

From  Spiing&eld,  weal,  haa  Jaduonrilla  her  fate ; 
Known  for  the  eollege  that  ie  alationed  there. 
And, by  the  W(^ba$h, DanviUa dla  herdown; 
While,  on  tha  Ohio  tide,  ia  Ouwnretown 


And  Jefferson  (Sty  on  a  high  bluff  smiles, 
Up  the  Minmri  tide  twice  sixty  mSes,    ( 1 20) 
On  the  same  tidc^  jost  twenty  from  its  mouth, 
Bt  CSiarles  is  oni  the  north  bank,  not  the  south, 
And  Indeiimdehee,  ynaAM  al  haCh  Iwid  her, 
Fmd  wbiiMe  iot  Santa  "Sif  leaves  many  a  trader. 
St  L?M»» « the  MUHttippi  's  leea,  . 
DowB  finia  lessor's  iaoi;th  xailee  Mnwnteen, 
Froil  IXtm  Orleana,  twelve  hundred  xif  the  tide, 
Waiaaffs  tirgest  town,  ICasouri's  pride. 
And  from  St  Louis,  ■ctvMty  miles  southwest 
F«^'*dihre%  knowa  ibr^her  J^Mcf  the  best    , 


rralria  oa  Fir*. 


Tha  prair*!  «rf  «ka  Waatara  Biatai  ara  ayary  yeai 
•wpl  OTBT  by  Sra.  Tha  »law,  whan  ijia  tall  graat  li 
thoroaghly  dried  and  \U  Samai  aia  aldMl  by  aatraoi 
wind,  u  ona  uuly  mafniScant  and  ubnme. 

Noted  for  rapid  increase  in  population, 
and  great  fcrtUity. 
I     Agriculture  ia  the  chief  employment  of  the 

^Uad  ia  found  at  Galena,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of 
the  atate,  in  great  abundance. 

The  canal,  comiecting  liake  Michigan  with  the 
lUinoia  river,  ia  now  complete. 

BramofiiU),  the  caniwl,  ii  on  tha  Sangurapii  rWer. 

Chicago,  ona  of  the  lar|;«it  lowBi  ia  (he  Wait,  li 
U  tha  head  of  t*lie  Miohigan.  ^    ,,    • 

Nauvoogon  (he  Miaaiulppi,li  noted  ai  tha  Uomoa 
Oitr. 

A'togii  noted  for  tta  eoal  and  liota. 

Oalelh  for  iia  lead  m?nea. 


The  largest  state  In  the  union,  with  the 
•soeplion  of  Teua,  and  noted  for  ita  great  mine- 

IW  IMOUI60fla    ' 

This  stale  liua  weat  of  die  Miaui^,  aiid  b 
intanectad  flein  weat  to  eaat  bj  the  Miaaouii 
rivv,  the  mat<(iftatai7  of  the  MMaaipoL 

Tba  tt&m  dT  Mi  btm,  salt,  Mai,  tee.,  nt 
ineihanalible,  iai  cautOMt  the  wedlfa  of  the 


Inn  HmoMa  h  a  nMMornne  inn,  MO  fitat 
high,  and  two  milea  In  eireott.  FHot  Knob  ia 
another  taaii  600  ftat  high,  and  Hues  aulea  in 
dicnit 


•  (bslSi- 


JstnasMT  Vin,  04  ospilal,  is  <m 
MoH;  flMhoDdnd  sod  twan^  milaa  wfi 

91.  fiO^  fa  «iM  sf  Hw  bn<Mt  town  in  As 
WMamSMMsaad  MdaUr  to  Iwawanear 


•  PiaaaBnced  in  ta^M  FNa'4<|  ia  SpaalA,  M^a^t*. 


.itiittiiirtamiiiirrfriftt  iiftiWii«iiteM 


lUi  tM  If  try  yMi 
iMn  the  <«ll  gTUi'ii 
M*ldKlb]r*lU0li| 
I  MbDme. 

» in  population, 

iployment  of  the 

be  N.  W.  pert  of 

Michigan  with  the 


h«  StngRinpii  rWer. 
«■  in  the  Weit,  li 

oteduiheMoraioa 


union,  with  the 
for  its  graet  mine- 

i  bj  the  MiMMiii 

•It,  hM,  «e.,  art 
the  weeHfa  (Of  iha 

.  IfQBti  ^^O  fen 

.    Pilot  Knob  ia 
and  Ihiea  aulea  hi 


[UI,  k  oa  a  1^ 
Daiea«qp«tolai> 

|tat  town  in  A* 
to  baeona  one  «f 


WS8TXRN    STATES. 


W 


■ae  IMiaae  Ipeariaf  fUk 

The  Bae  Indien*  in  Uit*  (tat*  subtiii  hy  buntinf,  uappiA(  aad  ftaUaf . 
riM  abo7e  eat  npraiaau  tkam  t|Mirlac  fiih 

TowA  City  aitt  the  fint  in  atete, 
Up  her  bix  ntream  a  cypher  «&d  an  eight,    (80) 
From  the  state  liintts  forty  miles  or  more. 
Is  Burlington,  on  Jflssiiafepi'*  shore ; 
And  north  of  this  is  Bloomington  espied, 
With  Davenpoii  upon  the  western  side ; 
Ga-man'>ohe  nekt,  then  Boll'-vue  and  Dubuqe', 
Known  for  her  lead,  beside  this  gieiit  brook. 

WUcomln. 

Between  ^o  kkes  holds  Madison  Jier  rule, 
And  of  the  Badger  Sti^  is  capital.' 
Beloit  and  JanetviHe  on  Bock  Mmr  bide, 
As  Pnd-ric-du-Chien  drinks  MiisUaipjii's  tide  ; 
And  Mineral  Point  is  near  Potosi  bred ; 
These  two  are  not^d  for  their  mines  of  lead. 
Lake  Michigan,  Sue-bojr'-a-gan  gases  o'er, 
Milwaukee  next,  Ba-cine'  and  Soathport  four. 
As  Wau-ke-sha'^in  from  Milwaukee  .track, 
On  WlA^««o  lUfkif  F6nd  di  Ufi!",  ■ 

And  North,^«fl»  *i^  <**  J'^  jB^  sweeps, 
Upon  QiMttMig^  %«^'B»7.her  staUon  keeps. 


^TU»  tniitaiyfiwMrthcCOdMpnHa,«)d  between  the  Rodty 

KiaiMniinilhanofieOoeaQ.    It  ie  natei  fiw  lieing  Iha  gnat 

WaMi  ^mcn  of  dia  thdied  Slatei  {  aa  we»  aa  for  the  enonnoiia 

gnmOi  of  ila  fteea,  which  an  BMMtimes  foonJ  MO  faet  high. 

TIm  aoii,  weal  oftba  Caicada  Bai«a,  is  rapneenled  as  axtiameljr 

^^^  O^  standi  hi  a  CartUe  Taltey  Mar  Iha  bib  of  WUhuMMe 
ihar ;  ft  eaahdna  spwudi  of  600  inheUtanta. 
Aataia-k  war  urn  aiouth  of  ColiunUa  liwr. 


^piwn. 

The  Northweat  State  of  the  union. 
Noted  for  it*  iertilitjr  anil  ieati  vainf*. 

It  ia  bmindeil  on  the  oaat  by  the  Miarieiipal 
liter,  which  arparatea  it  from  the  italai  ct  IlUnde 
Sfht  W«con»iii. 

Tm  >ctt  ia  uneonuaoniy  foitile;  larn  crape  of 
aim,  oata,  wheat.  *!!.„  an  raked  wUi  Wi  UMla 


The  kad  minee  of  Ihii  slBti>,  witfi  &oee  of 
WkeonkniinakaBd  MiaM>Hri,aM  tha  iMwiS 
hlhawaiid. 

bWA  Pnr.  the  eapital,  i*  on  Iowa  ri«ar. 

Burlington  k  noted  as  being  faTorabiy  ittaatod 
for  trade. 

Dubuque  ia  hi  one  of  like  groateet  kad  dklrick 
in  the  world. 


Wisconsin. 

The  Badger  State.  Bounded  on  the 
eael  by  Lalie  Michigan,  on  the  went  by  the  Mi*. 
ai«nppi  river.  Theaa  watera  give  it  great  fiuilitiea 
for  conrninrcs. 

It  ia  notn]  for  iU  valuable  lead  niincR,  ita  foitiia 
adl,  licauUAil  oak  opcninga  and  nuiuorous  fina 
piairiea. 

The  loulhem  part  of  tne  iMte  preeenk  ona  of 
the  bert  farming  dktricta  in  the  union. 

Ilie  popuklion  k  a  multibiioua  mail  of 
Eun^wana  and  Amerkana.  The  fanner  ate 
duracteriwd  for  tiidr  industry  and  temperate 
habiU;  the  latter  for  auperiof  inUdigence  and 
entaiptlH. 
■  MtWMX,  beiWMn  TWrd  and  Foardi  lakaa,  ii  the 

iniwaekM,  Iha  larfiat  towa  la  the  Male,  ii  noted 
fttin  rapid  wivaiteaaSMta  ia  waaiib,  peralaiioa  aad 
iiayMana«k 

<■  Callfomia. 


reeileii  lo 


Oold  Mgiing  in  CaliteaA 


This  country  v?8  oaea  clained  ky  Mesk^bnt 

DHitmi  Slatwi  bj- treaty,  ia  ISMt    It 

liea  bMwwtn  ih*  Raaky  Mouataiaa  oa  the  aaai,  ead 


tlM  Paeili  Oeean  m  laa  vraM, 

liis  neied  Ibr  ihavattomnuty  eTaaM  In 
Ittbeider*.  The  gold  ie  dug  fnwiaMaMai 
roclTi,  and  Cnua  dw  aaad  iotlM  bedi  of  Iha 


widan 

jiainaand 
rivoiB. 


garrfWri. 


Ji 


38 


POETICAL    OKOOBAPHT. 


MEXICO   AND   GAUTAMALA.. 


M«xlc«. 


TIm  Oty  of  Mtzico. 


ItU 


MOMO  It  OM  of  ih*  Mutt  eltiai  on  iha  Wawarn  ContiiMnt 
■itamMd  MTCii  tboutuid  Aci  above  the  laTal  of  Iba  Ma, on  Uia  taMa  landa. 
Upon  Iha  lealli  ara  M*n  lema  of  tha  loAiaat  paakt  of  iha  Oordillarai,  and 
amoaff  ikam  Popeea(apall,a  larg*  volsaoo  ikat  la  omwnad  wiik  parpawal 

HOW. 

And  Mezioo,  high  on  the  table  lucU, 
In  the  interior  of  the  proYUcie  atanda, 
Abore  the  sea  fidl  MTen  thooMnd  feet. 
Adorned  with  temples  rich  and  straeturea  great 
Fair  lakea  are  there,  arrayed  in  evergreen ; 
Wigbi  mountain  peaka  upon  the  aoath  are  aeen : 
There  Popoeiltapetl  amokea  all  below,     • 
From  ita  high  anmmit,  covered  o'er  with  mow. 


Ifntadiht  itandnev,^ 

luir  Um  lihOT  oftM  kBMWB  WWld. 

It  WM  ODM  tiM  Mt*  9t  •  foymtA  tinpir*! 
mnf  wktok  fntUui  •  *•••  «f  ktafi,  ttnaMl 
"tteJioBttamuia,''    . 

It  wu  InTMM  and  «oiMMnd  bv  CortM,  a 
SptnUb  adTanturar,  In  lOSi;  and  baeam*  a 
provliMs  of  Spain  till  IP2I,  whan  it  waa  (>•• 
eUrad  tndependant.  and  a  repnbllMn  fom  of 
governmtnt  eatabUJicd. 


Ita  Oir  nT  Ywa  Onk 

I  *r  to  OMto^  aa*  llM  VOIaa,  aM  of 


Tam  flkw  is  MHA  fcr  to  Okatfa  or  laM  WM  VOIaa,  OM  of  auMigaat 
to«NiM«iJiAMoaai»S«MW  » MM itTwMtalmbrg 
gaUa*  WA  tmlf  Mill  oSnaSriMlMK  ito  IM  Haxiaw  «».  tat 


kriMMr. 

lParWoMa>iwiHii>fco«MMacodaeeaat, 
la  YaNA  Chrw,  ttreft  InalNd  mikii  itleaat 
BnrtliaMi  ft<n  Mezioo^  fldl'eiih^  nOea, 
ilHMdfNr  Iier  elmrdiM,  La  Ps^bla  amtlea. 
•0*<l^'oa,  on  diii  «OBt«^  two  tepdred,  ataiidi, 
£ifa&M  Iqr  onMOM  ladiaii  temda ; 
WUla  aoath,  o«m,  e^ty,  Ae-a-pnl'-oo  keepa,  [180 
For  Iwr  harbor  knofwtt  by  the  PaieifiedMpa.   ' 
In  Hm  iafaniflr,  OaarBa«aa''to  aUMa,  [fimHiamht* 
Vn&  Za«-art0'«eaa  saw  tha  rilvtr  labaa. 


•W»ki^-«a. 


UadarTaOM  war iKSum  Vaitad 
ptaaMaaiaf  tka  Bapi)bUB. 


iMOMMI 

urnkwrmM 


will  JSgtt—i  toaSr  Mt  >dw. 


' 


jiiinii  iriii  iimwiiii'' 


iia>iii.iiiii:iii.^iM<w'»» 


^1 


>i 


hn  ud  goM, 

MMiMNihta 

iild. 

powvrAd  tmpirat 

tf  klafi,  MmM 

md  brCoitttpM 
I ;  ukI  IweaiiM  a 
when  it  wu  d** 
>iibUMn  fom  of 


IMOMMI 


IIBXIOO    AND    OUATAMALA. 


30 


1lM  PjrrMM  of  Okol«la. 

mWofdlMh.  It  It  onli-MO  »•«  idAl  but  MIenfth  ua  braaddl'm 
13»  A•^  whIU  III*  Rcypiian  PfiMi7 is  onliTTM  A«i.  On  tu  tM  wm 
k  umpr*  MU««UMt  10  UM  ton.    It  wm  bnlii  of  ■nbarai  brinli. 

Qoe-ro'-ta-ro,  for  beautj,  haa  renoim;  [l«-ni-la-r0 
Aa,  for  her  pTramid,  Obo-lu'-Ia'a  lounrn.  [«o-/»'-/a 

And  Mat-a-mo-raa,  on  the  Bi-p  Grande.  Irt-o-frand 
Juat  ^uM  the  atream  from  Teiaa,  takes  her  atadd. 
Re-aa-n  de-la  Pabn'-a'a  bloody  ground. 
With  P«'-lo  Al'-to,  Bwth  of  this  ih  found. 
While  west  fitm  here,  twice  eighty  miles  away,   [160 
On  San  Femando'a  bank,  is  Monterey,  [mon-fo-ra 

From  Monterqr,  southwest,  behold  Saltaio, 
Near  Baa'-na  Yia'ta'a  battle  field  her  piUow. 

From  Ifai-a'mo'-raa,  aoath,  Tampico  smiles, 
Along  the  ooMi  tiwo  hundred  dghty  millB. 
While  wist  from  lieie,  San  Louis  Potosi,  [liupotom' 
Upon  Ttm-p^'to  livwr  makes  her  stay.  [iam-p«t-eo 


San  Salrador,  near  the  Pacific  coast, 
For  indigo  her  trade  i«  noted  moat : 

Old  Ouatamala,  onoe  a  splendid  city. 
Though  of  earthqnakea  now  they  aing  a  moumfnl  ditty. 

New  Owtaonl^vflfe-aBd-twenty  milea  [<6 
RfAMli^  to«| ;i»  imm  tei  eanineree  smiles. 


"r.'t.^ 


Toleuie 


«|vjiM4    TiMnditwMhiudfa 

«iitlfAHWH»caiiM  BMM  Hmr 


I.  AjuttMlns,    m.AMmi*tmf. 

hmAb       |iw»Si. 


Lm  Puebia  it  CunoiM  for  ill  hnhtiiil  ehuicliM. 

Ouaca,  SCO  milM  a  E.  of  tht  dljr  of  Muico, 
ii  inlubitod  I7  buMk  and  triliM  of  Indiana. 

Aeapuleo  it  noted  for  ita  bcauUAil  harbor,  which 
b  Iha  moal  captciMH  in  tha  world. 

OtMHuaM  dad  Caoataeaa  ar«  in  the  vidnitT 
of  the  iUw  mima 

Quarataro  ia  wowad  aa  one  of  tha  ohmI 
beantiAii  lowM  inMniea.. . 

Okohda  Is  iMfd  l>r  \f»  wooderftd  pynuuid, 
.  mof  Qttbuml  ntkiL 
'  Amm  da  la  Palma,  Palto  Alto,  M<ntM]r, 
aad  BjMoa  Viaia,  ai*  noted  tat  victoriea  safaMd 
bf  Iha  Uabad  Sislar  mi^  undar  G«i.  Taylor. 

Tha  mid  miMs  of  Maiiea  are  infinior  to 
lna«  or  Bmil,  Para  and  Siberia ;  but  the  rich- 
naaa  of  ite  lUvwr  tainea  \»  without  a  parallel,  and 
hatra  pndocad  nota  of  the  dWor  coin  than  all 
<faa  iM  M  Die  world  put  together.  They  ai« 
moally  found  hi  the  Ticinitiea  of  Ouanaxoato  and 
Zacalecaa. 

Tl^  Mexican  Mint  ia  capable  of  alamping  fron 
76,000  to  9100,000  in  one  hoWa  t^ne.  It  ia 
eatimated  by  aoii%that  the  whole  amount  of 
money  coined  in  ihii  eatthHahrrMt  ezoeeda  three 
bUliona  of  doUara. 

Lowim  GALiroBHiA  ia  a  nairowpaninanh  b 
(he  northweatem  part  of  Mexico.  It  ia  bounded 
on  the  north  tnr  Upper  Calilbniia,  or  the  eaal 
by  the  Gulf  of  OtlifiMnia,  on  the  aoutb  and  weat 
hj  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  anil  ia  of  aandy, 
dry  natore,  and  the  papulation  amalL       * 


MbMfbr 


VKtieaaoea  and  tn- 

■ad  fcT:  niMHak  nOna 


k«taaa«fiaiMl  hr0paUWllM,and  heM 
as  a  Bpanidi  juofince  until  18SI ;  v^mo  it  do. 
claied  iteelf  independent,  adopttng  a  repobUcaa 
font  oT  ge>fanu|Mnt 

8a*  eUKTABoia,  tba  taglte^  1m  ritnated  in  a 
ym  fofUe  ralley,  and  ii  noted  ftr  ite  axtinNa 
tiaaa  b  indigo  and'tobaoeo. 

OMOaateMala'a^diiMBjidtyaaaarthauaha 
b  177S.  Uhaa  MMlabad  aavanl  dMcl»  ««■ 
Ite  Water  VoksMi.  * 


Baubb  Bsmaaturr.— lUa 

IdiliriMd  and  ii  owaad  by  Ite  BiilUi,  for  Ite 
p«mn  of  eoMbf  Iag«ooA  aad  oateganjr. 
tt  aiteoda  aloBg  tii^Bar  ^  Haadoiaa  160 
II  ia  intelfad  bgr  ■tgnea,  Ibdhna  Md  a 


fewwMtea. 
Baubb,  Ite  espiiak  ir  a  etasil  tenia. 


astaaa 


mm 


BBS 


^^ 


I 


1 


SOUTH    AMBKICA. 


Uommera*  «f  Ik*  Andti,  eaniad  by  MiUm  uid  }mut 


Noted  as  having  loftier  ranget  of  moantains,  larger  riven,  a  greater  number  of 
volcanoes,  more  extensive  pltJns,  richer  mines  of  precious  minerals,  and  sublimer 
natural  scenery,  thanatny  oUier  division  of  the  globe^    <e^' 


Capes. 

C(UM  Vfh,  im,  \if  MaiHMwj'-lM  ituida,    ' 
MoH  noitlMni  iwint  of  N«w  UtMMdi'i  Uiidi{ 
Orange  auA  AMA.  in  Jlfly  kmgHuile, 
Above  Um  liM,  nMT  rraudh  tiukn*  brood. 
Fk»  iouUi,  ylie  wwl  of  thirty.  Cape  ».  Sogue,  [Si.Rokt 
EMtwMil  oimI,  in  AB»«-ai/  fli-«  cloka. 
'TwMo  twanty  umI  Um  kne  mUmI  Caprieom, 
ai.  Thtmai  md  C«m  fK-or  both  an  bora. 
From  Ihif^-flim  to  lorty,  m  we  |o, 
Am  CoHeittm  and  A.  itn-M'-n>«. 

CteM /fim,  HMT  fiftjr-iix.  tUadi  by  hk  part, 
Ok.  'lW4»drMW'gtf  •  waaMni-eoMl. 

And  a,  PrmrtU-m  mA  Cape  JMmm  flay, 
On  llw  DwStni  ooMt  of  naUi  Amorin. 


■i«  fonnd 
In  JU-«  dela  PU-taf*  chonneT  bonnd. 


And  UnMrum  mm]  Paramuiy, 


RiTcrfl. 

Tha  J\ir«  IMrt  Md  CMMmC-nnUI, 
WHb  JV-*  IV-gn,  in  ttw  AtfuKfe  ImIL 
ThoCM^HV^ralialMr] 


B«M«  Ami.  utth  Uw  duk 
. ._  Im«  Afa*  and  VariM^  ttronc 

FABAOCAT  AVD  BBAHOBM* 

ftfll  or  B«H«K  WMt  orFiAMaqr. 
hAvMoriiia  bofBipoaadtothaMa, 
O**  Ban-o*  Aym  te  rteh  and  aHiM  hooMb 

Tha  IW«wiM^ 'M  >»  d^  ^>»!***  *T'v^  ^ 
Roairi  Ptong^r.  telli  aoMli  and  aartdMoiad.^ 
RoBtlWvMM'.aadaiaiitiaaiiilMttido;  V 

miiiiidiiH  ftaai  AnMMMiU'a  jpraviNea  wMa.       J 
^T«M«  BMaaa  Ayiaawd  Mia  U>ag«7> 
NaMri  ftnttta  iMm  a  ii«ar  aaksa  bar  wiv  I 


■ABTUH  COASt  Of  HUXO. 

And  aptward  flrom  Iba  Amaaankn  ooaal, 
In  th«  anw  dam,  ih*  Diamm^t  wa«aa  m  loat 
Tha  at.  /VtMMMo  and  <8ii4r«Mfc  than 
With  ana  FmMMt-4ha.  In  Oa  dacpa  appaar. 

AHAsoa  Ain>  DiujioBis— sormagui. 
TVeonVifW,  waited  wllli  ArH^guJf/,  nOa  oa 
In  P»rtf  tida,  or  noodi  of  Aaaian. 
Xbi'-«w,  1\hm^^  and  MhW**  toH^  (atefw) 
With  /V-nw^  in  dM  j1mmmhm<m  bad. 
B»«ir,  JMb^No'-rf.  JUm'-ta,  mad  da*  Oiis^aw, 
Join  in  JfiMMna  (hw  Bolivtafa  riton. 
And  !IUVIi  .Vtim,  and  dw  A'4v  ran,  (AiT^) 
yVm  IUmh^  lanHiiMa  AMMk. , 
And fhm Fani,noriln«aKlilw  Usi^ 
WHb  daik  thMM-gt,  tho  aaM  walan  haiL  (««Ui^«a) 

IRNMmA  IBAMOUS. 

ftoB  Iq-ntrdor',  jna-laf>-aa  aonthvaid  foas^ 
And  Aii'-jw  thara  yim,  FwUmmf-*  flvwa  i 
Ai-M'tw  too,  tiMl  ddrta  bor  limitB  aartb, 
mm  IW-ign  Irom  BnaU  bara  aunbal  fortk 
WUlo  from  Para,  and  aontb  of  Bq^mrdoi', 
Qoaen  AwuKon  traada  Amaanwia  o'ar. 

Mvns  aoHra  or  AHAsoa. 

M^fo'tti,  auHMmf,  and  Jtowarwiwb  (immWih) 
Wilb  £M»««»4a,  ftaoi  OaUiHi  bonnr. 

Fn»  V«n-»«Mr<la,  0«»wMa'«  loHadj 
,  i^'f«dMra.aaartbaiBbnacb,baholdt 
Two  brandxa  maia^  we  from  Cban^'da  galMr. 
Jfc''^  tooaia,  Ornkj^-H  ia  Iba  odwr. 
And  fiwn  Onaada,  whiaa  UM«/-toa  atom 
llw  Jig'.dtaJir-M  Nik  «Mi  CWas  in  bK  aim 


i 


irnnber  of 
1  ■ublim«r 


1 


vkii 


ranui. 
faoa 

itefw) 


i 


i 

ns 


'•«•) 


r 


SOUTH    AllBRIOA. 


31 


TOWNS   AND   COUNTRIES. 


Rio  JMi-«l'-ro,  In  «  country  fair. 
The  capital,  that^rcathei  Braiilioo  air. 

And  Per-nam-bu'-oo  Urea  upon  that  ahore, 
With  Mar-an-hank'  an^r  St.  SalTador. 

And  Rio  Orande,  aomioiu  for  ita  bidet, 
Where  oTor  Palot  Lakt  the  trader  glides. 


If ot«l  M  btlBf  tha  larfMt  of  the  South 
AoMTicwi  pruwlBeMi  fcr  rich  gnU  «aii  diMnooa 
■»«••,  and  fir  haflM  bMii  am*  (rrwiMd  by  u 
ButDpMa  mmi4t,n  h  paiwn. 

Ill  UM  ia  nwarM  aa  high  m  ihna  milUona 
Of  aqiMra  isilaak 

BimU  WM  .  colony  of  PortHtaJ  iU  ISlt.  when 
it  waa  daelaral  an  tadapantlonl  Kale,  and  Padro 
tilo  aou  of  the  Ung  of  Portugal  waa,  by  (ho 


DiaoMiid  WuklMg  la  Bfuil. 


m««i*.irf  rtwMi  of  Braai  m  ih*  motx  imponini  in 
>Ueli  Uxy  an  waakad  mm  Om  Mad. 

Tejueo,  t  jr  ita  dJamonua  booght  and  told ; 
And  Villa  Bi' m,  for  h^r  ninea  of  Gold. 


th«  warltl. 
naaMr  in 


OMTgetown,  Om  Kagliah  oapitel,  naj  tarry 
Along  tlM  mouth  of  rim  Ikm^f^ta, 

And  :l^nr-»-mnr'-a-bo  m  Dfttoh  we  name. 
Full  eightoea  milea  up  the  hot  Smrhmn. 

Okyenoe.  weU  lwtii«l,  k  eaaUf  all, 
UpM  n  kbad.  nd  belongi  to  GmL 

And  Boenoa  Ajnea  la  on  Za  Plaia  fomd. 
The  ehlef  emporium  of  the  proviQce  it>and ; 

Sea  Jtt'-aa  with  Ifen-do'-n  let  qa  claaa, ' 
Beeraao  eaeh  atande  upon  a  momOamp^M. 

Oor-do'-ra  i%8B  acUve  trading  town. 
And  Sal'-ta,  for  her  m»d«s,  haa  much  renown.  * 


Ban  Oar-Ioa  and  Ckmceptitm  make  their  ataj. 
With  foir  Aa-snmp'-tion.  on  the  P«f-»^wy. 

In  Urugnay,  waa  Mon-tt-vi'-de^  bon. 
On  the  X.  i»fa*i  are  her  garmerti  won. 


paodc  of  DmsU.  mada  Emparor.  Tha  p^puk- 
■on  ia  about  flva  iniltkma;  Um  graatar  put  of 
whkh  «ra  n«Kro«o,  hrkl  an  tlavM.  The  com- 
waica  ia  gnatar  than  any  other  country  in  Boath 
America. 

Rio  Janeiro  li  iba  moM  popnloua  elty  ia  Boulk 

in  Mai.""''*'  "*'  ^**  ''■'"^  e«rrit»  on  a  gnat  trad* 

•nd  Villa  Hica  of  .iha  gold  difirial     ^^  "'"noi  j 


Ottlana. 

iJfk*?'  5"  ''?.'■"«  }•»•  <"''y  PO'tlon  of 
oouth  America  alill  nndar  the  cootiol  of  Euro. 

PMmpowara. 

IllanaailT  nndar  tha  Equator;  and  on  tha 
Dnnemca  ri»ar,  and  other  paita,  ia  Mid  to  be 
nnhoaltby. 

flilail"''*'^  ^  ^^^  ^"*^'  ''"^  "^ 
^^  land  aloof  tha  coaat  la  W»rt  and  artwnaly 

Tha  ana  la  aatiinaiod  at  100,000  to  160.000 
avaramilaai  ' 

Paramaralio.  oapiiai  of  Oalek  Oalaaa.  la  aiahiMB 
■it*  ^  *•  "»«'•  •'  «*•  •"rinaii  rtrar"  *■*•" 
•a  rlSS?'*' ""'"'^  •*' *~^' **'**^  •»••**• 


Boenoa  ATrae. 

with  Iha  laaao  ftr  Ihair  Udoavl  1^. 

Vailed  Fravineea.  Ii  on*  of  i^  IbmZi  ZZl_.^# 
A»  BMMtli  of  Um  Wo  da  la  Plata  ■  -^"  - '^?  '**^ 
Iba  Hpaaiarda  aa  early  aa  IdBS. 


I  ia  wall  buill,  and 
Jtwaaibaad^  >;/ 


Pangoaj  and  Vncwy. 
Nued  for  a  plaat  called  natte,  or  Ftta- 


-T,  — ,  ..»»  ".""^  ■»  "'"M  aonntilaaaf 
IfaMiiayiiaaladaalhariBaWoaliJILilLUL 


I 


S!r?ii!r..ni<    li o«!Iirm, ••»•■  -.!••  *i«««ii, ta l-M-     . 

Oft-no'-cMS  from  tha  earthqu«k«  rwtt»  wryitw*, 
Of  elghteen-twelre,  th»t  oort  Un  tiiouiwid  Utm  ; 
Thi««  thouwuid  fc«t  •!»•  cUmbi  Ui«  mount  to  he«T«n ; 
La  Chtty'-r*  is  her  port,  mUM  diitut,  BeTen.       . 

Th«r«  M«r-»-o»y'-bo,  to  hwr  Uke  alliod. 
Wiih  Ott-m»B|^,  that  noXim  »boTe  th«  Ud*.  .  i 

Bgbt  tboauDd  fact  lad  mtcd  hmtdrnd  mm; 
Btands  Bo-|0-t»',  o'er  K*w  Ghreiwda'i  Aow ; 
By  Ayote'f  rough,  Mflbg  ttt*  W  liitt. 
Jut  fifteen  mUes  nortlMMt  the  CbtarwI. 

Fnm  logot*'.  eoBiliwtil,  •"omt  A*  mowtolM, 
P«Nd  Po-W  w'  W«mf)bi'-<»'*  Brtmanriii  f""^ 

Upon  the  northern  eolrft,  ti  CVr'*-      - 
Wbwf  rom  the  (7A*«  «!,  Md . 

AiPrA-n-na'  iknf  the  MWlh;     ,      , 
Upon  the  lithBrai,  imkA,  h  FiDtte  Bello., 

And  ▼•l-p»-nd'-«>  ojp«i  her  ^wrhflr  wM^-- 
The  port  fcr  fitan-tl-n'-so  nwr  »ier  iHe. 

Oo."ai«'-bo  of  k«r  aopper  minee  nay  boMt ; 
At  HoM'-eo,  fcr  h«  rflver  'i  Tallied  moet 


OQBAPIIT. 


NQt94  M  th«  bIrlhplKw  of  BoliTM,  Md 
fa  U«  (MBM  Of  iJ«li«%  flwrt  .uDport  toiy  fcJJ* 

famih.  ehW  MtW- of  Mpoft    Uh-««M« 
of  «»w  40«,W)0  •<««•  mljm.  

dtliow,  which  imJ«  Mi  «•»— '"*'^J5^!S 
Uk«»hoNlbo#l^l.*«w»l»«  ftche-i  «* 

faUHilni  quaUly  MM  ■«>• 

W«w  CkeaeAa 

NoUd  W  •mbreelBf  the  Iithmua  of  D»- 
•Imi  umI  M  IvtM  won  n*o  (>«mm.    U  bm  •■> 

total— WWW"— fWf^^^^*'™^ 


ibMUMTiN» 

OUBL  " 

Noted  fcr  iti  deMfhrtU  ethMW,  Mjdit 


MHMftli 
kabMTlMi 


I 


wj 


Uma. 

Pvni  waa  in- 

♦••W  by  FnitM-k 
lltonn,  «  Knunich 
•"•wBtaiwr,  lu  the 
ymi    I  Ml.      ||« 

»*••  (ba  i<M»,  <w 

P»i»in«;  v»h<»  ot 
for*!  fiHT  hw  frt-o. 
tloiti,  u  mm  h  ^cW 
MwoulillUliiiorgo 
ronni  in  liia  (inlar*, 
ImM  a*  high  M  he 
couM  nwh ;  whirh 
wiM  nu  iiMtiMtr  dtt- 
ti»«ml  ()iaii  tlic 
Uooii  ihinrty  Pi«ar> 
ro  mndrinnail  iha 
iiiiiiM-ml  kinii  10  a 
cruel  ilcath. 

At  Iba  tiiM  of 
Pizarru'H  in*aiiiiin, 
th«PenivbiMwuf« 
flra  wonhJpcn. 

'J*Im  miiira,  afv 

eunUnglolfiairlni- 

>U<i«i.waafcaii>kd 

bj  Mamw  C*|MU, 

iariwIClhoTlUfe 

etatmj;  who « (l«i 

•IVMnnet  wax  <M 

•  himU  klaoa  in 

l.aiMTitt<caoiL  Ha 

■vonmI  bimapirantl 

will  la  La  diiUren 

of   the    aun,  nanl 

down  •>  eiili||)it»fl 

mJ  d  iUro  Iha  na- 

nona.     (la  iaufhl 

Kwncnagrfenlnm 

nnd    other  imAd 

•ni^wfailalhMwttl 

inalnidad  th«  wo- 

mm  to  apioning, 

iMaviag  and  vttar 

#WMalietAba. 


'~;^;^'~-^~"'y~-;~-"ff'-'\    i   n  I'l -i ,  „ ,  ;„ u 


P' 


Si 


POETICAL    QKOORAniT. 


0.-.I  M  «K.,tHK.  -«.»  n..l-.     W  «l.l.>n.  «  »•'«  "".r^t, 

rwTtLt  of  V*^»  to  ui.f.»or.b».  U,  n«.tai4ton.  •.«!  ""h  «« 

Miki  or  Aim;  »r  *hkfc  .  mnX  «t  «»  b  '«^~\'*iT*'  ^ 

rqMiUlar. 


i)-ilio  aiHl  Um  Ami**. 

Quito  l«  Mstcd  on  her  motint^n  thron*. 
Nin«  Uimwnnd  fwt,  and  in  »  burning  mm: 
Perpetual  upring  around  tl»oa«  •ummita  kMp. 
And  pure  U»e  lephyr  In  lU  gentk  awefep.  • 

And  Guayaquil,  chief  port  of  Equadi»r, 
From  thli  u  ■outh,  along  th*  aurf  i>«at  abor.. 

■•Uvla. 

La  Plata,  In  bo-llv'-l-a,  wc  aee, 
Much  noutl  for  iu  aplendid  acenery. 
A»  Po-to-ai'  la  known  for  ailver  min''js  [po-t8^»*$ 
La  Pa«',  from  Polosl,  norlliweatward  ahino. 

La  PiAT*,  or  Choq«l-«^  •»»  e-pifl  rf  !»««»»•.  W  noted  for 
ttafia«i<lidto«ieryfcw«iainlU»Wh«y.  .^        ,, 

poS:  T^S  ;rric.».u:  far  th.  .^^ -*»•/•  •''jj: 

El  «hi  i-«»»wi  It.  »» » »^?Jij^^sli,2ita^ 

•^'T  *f  ^•'T^Jz.^^VrZ^,  ih.  lallMt  and  mo- 


^  1>*M«I  ty  >t»  Rin«»'-  •'  to  e«tet»f»M 
3d,  M  ««  i'li-W...  rrwuii  IWo.  J1- 
•trMto  «•  wwto  unii  r»f«MM-  '"  "■"*  mW-.*  a 
llM  uw.li  U  th.  <lr».»  ISu.r«.  mw.  ..f  «h-  Uff.^ 
,nd  (!•».(  ir.  An»rii.  .  In  Umi  mtaUI.  of  whl-h  )■ 
.  |«r|«  kmnUiii  h*«kn«  t  bren-  •taluo  irf  r.nio 

<;i«uw  5fi«  iwU  .mith*.**  "^  !.•'»'•.  to  notad 

o*  •  n«tiil«W.nt  U-tiiiO.  oT  lh«  Hun.  Ih»  mUifUn 
^w  u(  whlrh  la  i>»ri<  "n  lh«  fon-R.Mn»  p«|« 
I  (hMiira  VpIU«,  l«>«»»<*n  Cuw"  aixl  I.Him.  hM 
the  hl«l.«*  »l««tio..  >4  any  l«»wn  on  Uw  (Iota, 
«r«imu.  r«lu.».  which  to  pr  ..-!Jy  ••  hifh.  IW 
nliiM  of  qukh-U»M  mm  onoo  «DuioiO  oT  root 

Bqaadoi. 

Noted  aa  lying  under  the  tquator,  enJ 
far  font-tiilnt  o.n«i  of  iho  lofti««  p^k-  rf  |t- 
Andr*.  H  to  di»W«.l  Into  thrMi  |>«iUi  Mu^Joc, 
Ciuay«<|uil  ami  A«u«v  -,,     „     .. 

FrtiuiMlor  f«iii»»U  .if  U. .«  UiiJ*.  1  no  oUmatt 
1.  ItM  dnft  111  th"  '^W  ••"•  "-™«>l<»  •P^"«' 
«b«  y««r  round.  Ii  to  ralW  Oio  E»oirotn«tuHo. 

BoUTla. 

Namod  In  honor  of  (lenernl  BolWar.  t^* 
Ubormlor  .rf  mort  of  MouU.  Aiwrk*.  N.tod  ftif 
eonulnln*  ih.  IoWm*  K«k«  °'»'«  ^"^i  •"«» 
for  th«  MJ»l«r«<"l  mini"*  «iJ  rota*.  . 

Ito  Moa  to  e»iiin.UHl  ot  400,i)00  oquaro  miloo. 
It  to  rough  and  mounUliioui-. 

Bor.lo,  U>.  I.i»h»rt  proh  "f  lh«  Andio.  U,m.» 
^A  10  Uio  bi«Mli-of  9S,3I»0  feet,  or  ..«.rly  0»o 
mUoo  Uah.  lUiinanl,  ll.e  •K'>ii.1  hi»lMM  peak  of 
SJiWoIaam  UonUiiont,  to  «4,3ftO  foot 


«  flMt.  n  war.  oloft 
I  iba  lil|h*M  paali*  of 
Kdaa.  MMi  il«*c*n<la  ■« 
a«»  oaly  IB  puraoll  of 


rST S  worU }  »Mr  aTorag.  hiBht  bdng  ri.  fca*  and  a  hall 

FSOMUKCfiaTIOII. 

OwTMiaU.     Omt-aJml. 
RtoJaMho,  KioJ'OM-ra. 


BnooM  Ayiaa, 

Quito,    •    • 
Uma,    -    • 


U-ma. 


Tk*  OMidM  to  iba  larpM 
bW  of  tha  air ;  ami '"»••"'*;• 

ilKla«B  flwi      n  war.  aloft 

■b««a  Iba  ' 

Iba  Aodaa. 

Iba  f»la»  

Ttia  0»n4ar 

Pdod,  •l«»««>J  >M«»  «^  •»»»•  •»•»•«««' 
Ih.  ar..tocl.br.lod  fct  lu  ^h  ijKroc  ■On.i 
The  city  U  ailuaiad  on  tho  w«*  lUo  of  Mowit 
t)«TO  <(•  »*o«od,  that  «i.Uino  tl-  pi«4o«  -rtal. 
Tho,  WM»  •rat  dtocoTorml  Uy  on  •«*?".  *™»> 
puiwdiw  a  U»a  up  tho  dwiivity.  counht  lioMrf  a 
buiiK,  whifh  Win  torn  up  by  ilie  roota.  .vtmM  a 
»^  iDMM  of  «l»or. 

'ITio  woiltico  of  th«w  minoo  from  1M«  to 
1800  omounlod  to  6M,»M,508  Spaniah  doNm 
U  P-,  northww*  of  Potoai.  to  Um>  F"J«W 
tomi  of  Bolitia.  'I'ho  lofty  anmmiui  of  SomIo 
Mid  IllimMii.  •»  ta*!  ftom  tUa  pJaoa  cwwnad 
with  ataraa)  Miow. 


<  ■iiiiww»'iii»#SWW*W(P*'WIP'~ 


Inia,  la  luiteJ 

(■Of,  of  r*ru- 

(lui  rvnialna 

I,  lh»  liiUirtirt 

MDg  M|« 

lul  Lima,  hM 
9(1  th*  (loto, 
u  lit(h.  lu 
iroM  of  |r«al 


quator,  and 
t  pulu  of  tU 
rUl  K^uaitor, 

11m  rlimate 
imblM  ■pr^ng. 
MgTMn'luMo. 


IBolWtr.iK^ 
:«.  tit*td  Sw 
M  Aiuka;  dao 


•qoan 


roilM. 


I  Ante,  towns 
t,  or  »Mriy  At* 
Mglirit  prak  of 
I  fact. 


IIm  OM44Mr. 
wvt  Um  l***l  of 
li  rit«w  nlnw. 
t  iiik  of  Moonl 
•  prwiuw  aMlai- 
an  imiian,  who, 
caufhtlMiUdra 
I  rooU,  .'vtmImI  • 

m  from   IBM  to 

igpitniih  MIkn. 

k  the  prindp^ 

immiu  oif  8or«to 

b   plM*  dOWMtl 


OiM«n.Ui  01-  north.  .i>,».  th.  wrr».  .d,,n^,. 

Whil.  ,M,rth  .nd  w«lw«i,  «,ml..7-«;v  fiin^i^ 
t«oulh»««  of  .11.  «.  r,„,,^  .hi;.«  .fa,,  • 

And  «a  V.  •Mith,  /V^  *,uiheMi  o?  HiMi,,; 
Whil.  on  (h.  «Mrt,  .V.  «„,,„,  fl,„,.  ,  ,,,     1^  • 

Whil*  north  of  t-'or.lo.,  t.ipe  C,^^  timT 
And  luljp  MU  Iter  Spar.(i.vfn-(o  imU*. 

u/K       1*!!'*'/,""'^  ^"Z"  ^"'■^-f'on   l*hoM. 

Wh«  iM  of  dl.  .-«.  ^^<g^ .,  ,„^,^     ""• 
■iTcri. 

BlYaM  or  lULAND.        -     • 

wSTJ.^"*^"*'^  '»•»  H»«  Kiver  Foyk, 
I    «z!f"  ""'"'•  "no"  fl«»hini(  w.trra  Uill  • 
JH^^/  *■''•""••. «««w.ni  roll.  th«  Haunt,  [tcin 

BBMftwaid.  in  wiven  WMt.  l»hoi.l  (hn  Wor-rw./ 
l»faeW«r  th«!.  wvl  L«.  in  ch.rtti.1.  narrow. 

Sovthwartwly  ber  waT«  Ilia  Shantum  I'^kea. 

BIVHW   OP   ■CUTLAKD. 

rwwn  ««!»  and  EntUAman  iha  llwla  a  hfd  J 
^Th«i  oMaaa  Iha  Far/i.  tha  Tby.  and  flartiinv  Aa> 
SUII  (brtW  north,  with  A^  aiid  ,5m^1  ^' 

TU  C/y*  fliae  graato  tia.  then  Iha  ^j^  and  aU  , 


r.'l'il'/"''  '^'^  •**'*'  ^'*-'"^  •oolhw.rd  PM 
Wllh  htk  and  /jrf^//,  U«uid  to  Holway  rrich. 

MIVKfU    01-    KMULAMD. 

Iha  TV'!' and  7#»* coma dr.t  th^n  with  Iha  ff.iinW. 

lh.M  with  III.  Tk„mt»,  fr..m  Uritun'.  iiMtom  coaat 
Af»  liiirriiol  on.  .ml  In  the  North  H»»  lost 
lo  Uia  Uriliati  i;ii.nn.l  WMtwanl  rolla  Iha  Sntm. 
A*  Aiirttj/  lo  Ml.  0,.,w|a'.  8trait  is  drivao. 

or   rORTt!OAt    AND    rPAIII. 
Northwird  of  all,  apon  tha  HpanUh  •hart, 
nia  Afin ^/,  w.tt«  to  tha  Atlantic  pinir i 
Ami  haw  tb«  7>M« -r,,  ami  tha  Tuifut  dnto. 
With  Ou<jr-rf,-rm^  Torlugsl  amlHiiaini 
n»n  (.U4t^tal^ui„.fr  AnHl».lu-«a  Mnda, . 
And  Lhro  in  Iha  Madliamnaan  antk. 

or  rRAKc'i. 

rh«  LngliiOj  (  hanml  nmllow.  up  tb«  Hatji, 
Thai  runs  Aoni  Frainw  whera  I'aria  hoMs  bar  raigA 

RHUfl   AND   BRANOHn. 

Tlia  RhiM  from  SwiUariand  makea  bar  fiisi  adnw.. 
Then  northward  mri.*_|,i.dnR  the  .hois,  of  Franea  i 
In  Oeimany  mhI  Hollan.1  thrn  di.'.  Mfn, 
I  akinR  from  (»«.rm«ny  Af«^.'«C  and  A%n«  ,     lmmn\ 
From  Hdlniid,  .Vrt«^  l|..t  ii>,>i.ten.  Ueliium's  ekitb 
tfltning  from  Fr«nf«_lhB  nrovinc*  of  it*  lirth.  ' 

1  hf  Abm,  th«  VVewr  and  tha  Kll^  ,n  Imrriad 
O  m  Uerraan  .horn,  and  in  lh«  North  «ea  buried. 

or  nrssiA  and  pkuaau. 

Prom  Pruaaia  (o  iIia  IJallic,  6Wfrr  gUdca, 
As  Witr'^h4M  riYsr  in  her  chomiel  hidas. 

KmVuVo  Matre.  with  AWfii«n'»  waters  tKruL 
uy  Prusaia  nurtured  and  by  RiHia  M. 


u 


POETICAL    OBOQRAPHY. 


Of  UTUlVO  AWD  iWlDHI. 
Fnm  Laptand,  Au'-ni$  mmVui  Um  BothnU'a  roar ; 
Whas  Ihr'-ne-a,  Ca-Ux  and  LuUi'-a  ihoww, 
Wllh  Sietr  Dal,  from  Bwdkn't  wintry  ahqit. 

or  BUUU. 

DiMM  ftom  Roab  on  to  Rig*  ^0(0% 
L»do'<n  L*«  to  Pinlud,  JWm«  «*—' 

Car  Rtwfa^i  (bom  into  the  Whito  S«  dMV. 
riwB  the  «ne  firtd^  with  .n  tarjarta  ■»*«, 
POAo'^  nma  into  tha  Aretie  OAaiijS 
Vi4m  and  Ut«W  aoak  tha  Oaaite  Saat 

Tha  uSTla  Buropa-a  •««f»  ^PJ^ja.  „-^  «- 
And  lC«Aan'»  wmt«k  tha  BWi  8«iB  wrtw |Ma^ 
AaiJWi  and  D(w«e,naar  tha  Ai*  ■«•«». 

Fma  Rmm;  to  tha  Stack  Saa'a  lagiRt  main. 


or  aoRWAT. 
The  (^AwMiKi  roUaher  down  tha  Narcay  caa^ 
And  in  tha  Strait  of  Cat4»gat  ia  la*. 

DAMCBI  AID  BRAMOni. 
Uara  A»i-«*e  oomaa,  the  tida  that  8wi«  and  OarM* 
And  Auatrian  and  Turk,  aU  hoM  M  eonnBoo. 

A  northwn  brnnA  tha  Jttaar  i'ruM  la  ia«i, 
Tha  bouiidary  lina 'twaan  Rual  and  Ottooaan. 

■xpTmio  vno  thb  ABoainrLAao, 
ADuiAtia  AKD  ifXBinnuujaUJi. 
,„»^  am -SfrMwa  with  JWartiao  go 
fwiDTa*«jrto«ioArthipelato» 

jfawwa  Waatf  H^  ^*''  ''^  '''"^  ^P^' 
FoaiM  whent  tha  Adriatic  wataia  grin. 

fram  Italy  hora  comaa  the  riwPo/ 
Wbila  waatwarJ,  Amo  and  tha  Itter  (tow 
In  Maditarranean,  with  tha  VMuMto'. 


mdbiri 


TOWNS   AND   COUWTEIES. 
Bi;.ltltb  Empire* 

Th. «M p«-eHU, nd .Ith a. exertion otCtln., *•»»« WOWS' JSS  itirf'!!*. 

the  burden  ef  8,050,000  tona.    The«  am  navigated 'jy  180,000  aaaman. 

Bngland. 

The  BOuthOTB  part  of  Great  Britftto;  the 
•eat  or  the  Britiah  Binpira ;  and  notod  aa  the  moat 
important  atoto  in  B«w~^m  exerting  Ihogreat 
eat^oanca«pon  *«  deilinlea  rf  the  cwilaad  and 

""Emdandabounda  in  beautiftil  and  tatorertlng  awn*- 
wrSaagriOTHuw  ia  miperior  to  that «f  my  ««*• 

^  coontry^n  the  worll    In  no  part  «f  »ta  w«U 
bwMlth  more  unequally  dirtnbutod.    The  gorem- 

mMit  ia  a  limited  hcreJUaiy  monordiy.  

"^national .kbt b $4,000,000.000 5  tha fato«- 

of  which  i.  *««0.<><».«<?"""'»**yiri^?,JSi5!w 

moch  aa  the  whole  arpenditurea  or  tha  UWtedBtaiar 
gowmmenL 

WiOM. 

A  rooah,  nigged,  and  monntalaoM  countrt, 
waiorXlanffnoted  for  iU  miue.  of  to*Uron^ 
^  Md  coal,  and  aa  giving  the  titSe  of  -  Pnnca 
S^dlrf^to  tU  Engli*«wawign'i  eUert  aon. 

Lo.B«.  tha  cipi^.  ontha  [^'^^^'^ 
fw«  lu  month,  i.  the  l«»ff*«tr  «V  ^^IZ 
the  globe  both  in  extent  and  popOatlon.  B  owa» 
,bow»»«inawmileainaiafc    Among  Ita  rnMie 


WlndMfCaaOa 


On  England's  shores.  London  is  finrt  sunreM 
The  queen  u£  towns  in  commerce,  arts  and  trade. 

Andliveroool npon  the  Mer^eif  lay, 
The  port  for  Ireland  nnd  America. 
Manchester,  east  of  Liverpool  we  enter, 
cotton  manufactnnng  'Us  the  center. 


Of 


I  fflobe. 
Jiaf  Miite, 
I,  Om  UaF  o' 
and  Mtonl  of 
ndiindifliiMt 


rorld.  > 

is  number;  of 


Britftin;  the 
od  uthe  nHMk 
tting  Iho  giMt- 
le  cnilicM  ud 


iterMtingi 
it  of  Miy  coun- 
ive  mtnofactiip- 
It  <tf  the  worid 
The  goTon- 


& 


..  ;  dM  faltMMl 

,  or  ai^  tiniM  aa 
w  United  8tMB^ 


iaotts  eountrf  • 
iM  of  lewl,  iion. 
th!e  of  "Prinoa 
'•eldetteon. 


bwn«^60  aitm 
r  on  tiie  Sua  i( 
Mm,  It  ceiren 
Imong  it*  faVSc 


^^     -  EUROPE. 

For  wookn  factorie*,  I«eda  fint  ia  olauod, 
Am  Binuingham  for  hardware  'a  niMorpassed. 


37 


fiheffleld,  for  cutlery  may  wear  the  crown, 
For  stockings,  Nottingham  and  Leicester's  known. 
F&r  watches  CoTentry  is  famed  the  while ; 
Swau-se-a,  for  copper  works  comes  in  the  file. 
Bristol  is  noted  for  her  wells  so  hot ; 
As  Hull,  upon  the  Humher  finds  a  spot 
Portsmouth  is  found  upon  the  southern  coast. 
With  Plymouth,  for  her  sea  wall  noted  most 
Windsor  and  Warwick,  for  their  castles  named ; 

Oxford  and  Cambridge,  for  their  schools  far  famed; 

Scar'-bo-roUjgh,  Bright'-on,  Cheltenham,  and  Bath; 

Chief  watering  places,  all  beneath  my  palh. 

•cotiaad. 

Throned  on  her  hillb,  for  science  first  in  place, 
Is  Edinburgh,  Scotia's  metropolis. 
Loith  is  her  port,  beside  the  Forth  we  learn. 
Upon  whoso  shores  is  the  fiamed  Bannockburn. 
Proud  StirUng  here  displays  her  warlike  dress. 
As  north  on  Mkrray'i  banks  is  In-vcr-ness'. 

Fair  Ab-«r-deen,  between  the  Dee  and  Dm, 
For  building  ships  has  gathered  much  renown. 

Qhttgow  is  found  upon  the  Mm-  Clyde; 
'Oreendck,  her  port,  is  tw«ttty  down  the  tide. 

Pualey  from  GlasgoiT^  west  miles  eight  or  nine, 
la  noted  for  ita  cotton  goods  ao  fine. 

On  Scotia's  eastern  shore,  b«ho|d  Dundeo', 
fi^tmning  her  canvas  on  the  banka  of  Toy.    f 

Known  aa  the  abode  of  Seotia'a  andent  kings, 
forth  <m  the  Ihy,  linen  and  cotton  spins. 

Kreland. 

flefen  miles  ia  Dublin  from  the  Irish  Sea, 
On  L^tjf't  banks,  she  rules  o'er  bond  and  free. 

Gal'-way  is  west,  aa  Cork  is  to  the  south, 
WhUe  Limerick  lives  far  up  the  Shannon't  mouth. 

Bel&at  north-east  may  at  her  linen  toil ; 


buUdinie,  ue.St.  Paal'e  Chndi,  the  Tower,  Waet- 
nuiMlar  Abix^y,  end  Bank  of  Engluid. 

The  bfidgea  of  London,  are  works  of  enat  kbor 
and  eipme*. 

Tbs  Tunnel,  nnder  the  Tbamee,  k  one  of  the 
(leat  achioTcmenta  of  ait 

Sheffield  haa  the  nvMt  noted  cutleiT  in  the  world, 
lliiitol  ia  noted  for  hoi  minga. 

Plymouth  i4  noted  tat  ita  imiMnao  tuaakwalw, 
that  coat  fA,000,OtiO.  ' 

Scotland. 

-l.*^««^  '^S  England,  aeparatod  by  the  Oram- 
fton  HlUa  into  two  paiu ;  Nortii  and  Sooth,  or  the 
llighlanda  and  the  Lowlands. 

It  abounda  in  wiU  and  mMime  reeneiy. 

The  Highlanda  are  mounlainoua,  the  l/swlanda 
more  level,  mmI  belter  adapted  to  tillage; 

The  Hi^ndera  are  brave,  hoapJuUe  and  ind*- 
pendent,  and  poaaeai  a  nide  and  UwIom  kind  ot 
chaiacter. 

KiiiHarnna  in  the  capital. 

I<<^h  ii  the  port  of  Edinburgh. 

BannockLum,  on  the  Forth,  k  noted  for  the 
wctory  of  Orttce  o»er  the  army  of  Edwanl  II.  of 
England.  ' 

Stirling,  on  the  aame  riTer,  ia  a  itnmgiT  fortified 
town. 

Dundee,  in  the  eaatem  part  of  Scotland,  on  the 
lUrer  lay,  m  noted  for  the  manufiicture  of  canvaa. 

Ireland. 

Ireiaad,  called  the  "Emerald  lale,"  "Green 
Eia>.'  A  largo  iaUnd  weat  of  England.  The 
naUve  bnd  of  the  IrUi.  "^        " 

The-iur&ee  ia  uneven,  hut  not  moanWnoua. 
Iwga  and  marahei  cover  one  tenth  of  Us  aur&oe. 
Tba  peat  bog*  aupply  the  fad. 
J^*V.  0^  wiMat,  fiax,  Ac,  am  extawively  • 

PWatoea  eonatitote  the  diief  prodoet.  and  brfbie 
the  potato  nt  of  kte,  foi^  4ha  prio^^TfiMlfor 
die  poor,     lieknd  haT^  aoi^^cm^ 
llaBngllihmlai.lbrcentniJeapit      ^*^  ^ 

vJii  "itj??  .1"**  '^^  «W«&ia,  wai4i- 

iMBrted^  hoqrilshie.  tat  prodigal  and  pMriooata. 

FooMiflha  an  (;athoBea,  and  the  raaaLdvFtot- 


As  I^Bdondeiry  Uvea  upon  the  Foyte. 


Madrid,  the  capital,  on  table-lands. 
In  the  interior  of  the  kmgdom  stands. 

Fair  Barcelona  smiles  above  the  sea ; 
In  manufiustvrea  and  in  commerce  free. 


..  ^'^JtH^l'  I**  ^"'"^  hsa  ba«  la  a  aiarv- 
iai  and  depioMble  condilian,  flwra  the  idtan  <7Lr 

^^'AatuS^*^  i.  -  *.  li%.  -«« 

CWwayia  m  the  woatem  p«tt  of  the  Irfand. 
Limerick  la  on  the  Shannon,  in  the  interior. 
Belfcat  ii  noted  for  th«  mimmfai^mi^  qf  fine  "tma. 

Spain. 

Noted  for  Ha  aalubrioua  climalc  and  pfetanaqm 
aeanuT,  and  u  having  been  one  of  the  leadbig  Mr- 
en  of  Eurape;  but  now  one  of  the  moat  foebia  and 
adn^MitBBt.  —-»-«• 

TU  aoi  ia  ftMila.  but  pooiiy  eniUvalad.     Hw 


.  ..-^-.-«wi:..  ;tnrinnnti)iinLj  J 


t 


38 


poet;ioal  qkography 


Tliero  Al-i-oant'  und  C«r-tha-ge-n»  rest. 
Of  Mediterranean  ports  the  last  ia  beat. 
There  Mal'-a-ga  for  fruiu  and  wincB  ia  known, 
On  Andalusia's  southern  shores  her  home; 

Cadis,  her  bulwarks  o'er  the  Ailantio  roars, 
North-west  tho'Straits,  where  strong  Gibraltar  peers. 

North-west  of  all  Co-run'-na  lives,  the  station. 
For  ships  of  Britain  and  the  Yankee  nation. 
Fer-roV  stands  here,  where  Spain  her  navy  gathers, 
Near  where  Cape  Ortugal  the  dark  sea  weathers. 
On  the  Bttjf  of  Biieay,  whence  the  wool  of  Spain 
ExporJtcd  is,  Bil-bo'-a  finds  a  reign. 
Valencia  *a  noted  for  hor  silk^  fine ; 
Xeres  is  known  quite  well  for  sherry  wine.(ie-rci) 
Se-ville',  Grenada,  and  Cor-do'-va  lower, 
All  splendid  cities  once,  of  Moorish  power. 
Portugal. 
Lisbon,  with  wiues  and  fruite  where  Tagus  fills 
The  Atlantic  bowl,  is  thifoned  on  several  hills. 
St.  Ubes,  south-east  of  Lisbon  makes  a  halt, 
And  from  ihe  sea-wave  manufactures  salt 


inMtaiMf 


conuMraa  and  nMinSctaiM  an  ia  a  nuglMtad  rtale. 
It  ia  aeMntod  from  Fnnoa  hj  tha  Ihrnanaaa, 
among  wnidi  are  founU  numeroua  .inonkB  and  bannita. 
Tha  liohail  portiona  of  Amaiiea  onca  betoaaeil 
to  Spain,  though  Cuba  and  Porto  Kico  ara  all  that 
now  remain.  .  „     ,. 

'  TIm  other  ooloniee  ara  tha  Philippine,  Carolina, 
and  LaUione  Manda  in  the  Pacific,  aild  the  Canary 
Wanda  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Theae  aia  her  chief 
aoOrcea  oC  national  revenue. 

Mavbih.  the  capita),  b  aitaaiad  on  the  tabManda 
in  tha  interior. 

Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean,  ia  noted  for 
commerce  aiid  manufacturea. 

Cartbagena  ia  noted  aa  being  the  beat  port  on  tha 
Mediterranean. 

Mahiga.  in  the  province  of  Andaloria,  ia  nolad 
for  ita  rich  winM  and  (ielicioua  firaita. 

Cadis  ie  ilrongly  fortified. 

Corunna  ia  noted  for  the  badla  af  Oomnna,  between 
the  Franch  and  Engliah,  and  aa  tha  port  or  sUtion 
for  packeta  of  Great  Britain  and  thw  l/nited  Sutea. 

Fenol  ia  noted  for  a  naval  atetion;  Bilboa  for  ita 
commerce  in  wool;  Valencia  far  ita  ailka;  Xeras 
for  ahorry  wine;  Seville,  Grenada,  and  Conlora,  aa 
important  Mooriah  dtJM, 


Colariira. 

Coimbra,  190  mile*  iionh.ewt  of  LUben,  !•  noMd  fiir  iia  Vaivaraity. 
The  palM*  of  lb*  ITnivtrelir,  one*  tb*  rttidene*  of  lb*  kiaga,  la  eaa 
of  dra  tn«U  boUdingt  in  lb*  plac*. . 

And  north  of  Lisbon,  next  Co-im'-bra  see. 
Much  noted  for  her  university. 

Oporto,  on  the  Dwro  makes  resort, 
Known  the  world  over  for  a  wine  called  Port. 


Paris,  in  gardens,  -palaces  and  pride, 
Fashions  and  gaiety,  is  now  outvied. 
Lycms  in  manufacturing  takes  her  throne. 
Just  at  the  junction  of  the  Kumt  and  Saon$. 
Mar-seille^  in  commerce  is  by  none  stupaased, 
Bordeaux  in^  wines,  much  mcmey  has  amassed  ; 


Th*  Pro^mtoryor  Olbraliar  eoiMtitaM  lb*  attongert 
fonreMin  Uie  wofM.  It  ia  ibrM  aUk*  hwg.  balf  amil* 
wids.  an<  14W  A*l  bigb.  Il  eoitiinaiid*  Ih*  •nlrane*  w 
th*  M*4iMrraa*aa  &  U  ia  lb*  po«*Mi«a  ef  arcal 
Briiaui.  • 

PortngaL 

Portngal  waa  enca  the  moat  fomniaicial  atata  of 
Earope/bot  ia  now  reduoed  to  inaignifieanoa. 

The  didkte  k  temaikably  mild  and  haahhy. 

Agricuhnre,  manufoeliuea,  education,  and  iaanrove- 
menta  of  every  kind,  are  in  a  backward  conuitMn. 
The  only  Inoductiaaa  of  fanportanoe  ara  wina  and  aalt 

Liaaoir,  the  capital,  ia  Mtuated  co  the  Tagua. 
St.  lAiaa  b  noted  for  aah;  Coimbra  foritaunhai^ 
dtf ;  Oporto  for  tha  prodndioa  of  Port  win*. 


Franoa. 


rt  she  has  acted 


Noted  for  the  Important  part  she  hai 
b  the  aflUra  of  Europe,  and  aaliaving  lately 
a  Repuhife,  the-  only  one  of  eaoaaqiianca 
Eaitem  Ceottnoat. 

Tha  climate  of  Franoa  b  mU  and  aahibriova. 


tha 


t   Pjimn»m, 

a  asd  hennila. 

n)O0  bmOQffM 

CO  an  all  mat 

line,  CuoliM, 
il  the  Canary 
I  are  her  chief 


Ibe  tabteJuida 

ia  noted  fiir 

Mt  port  on  the 

mU,  k  BoUd 


runnai  between 
pott  or  station 
Jniled  Sutea. 
Bilboa  In  ita 
I  ailka;  Xeiw 
d  Uoniora,  aa 


let  the  Miongeil 

eu(,  hair  a  mile 

the  tntranee  le 

tMiea  ef  Qrcat 


nereial  aUta  of 

ficanoa. 

iheahhy. 

n,andiBprow- 

■raid  eonuitMn. 

Mwinaandaalt 

thaTHOik 
I  IbritaunHaik 
Oft  wine. 


■h«  has  wted 
ig  lately  beooma 
iquanoa  on  tba 

and  lahiWova. 


BUROPE, 


39 


H»Tre,  fair  port  of  Paria  on  the  Seine,  (hay'-r) 
Toa-lon'  and  Brest,  as  naval  atationA  reign. 
Boche-fort'  and  I'Orient  on  Biscay's  Bay,  (lo-re-ong) 
Are  naval  stAtions  too,  where  ships  may  lay. 
Bay-onne',  neor  Spain,  for  bayonets  long  known, 
Calais',  that  oft  has  bowed  to  England's  throne. 
Boulogne,  south-west  from  this  her  station  finds, 
Bott-en',  upon  the  Seine  her  ^tton  spins. 

RoMla. 

St.  Petersbnrgh  is  60  from  the  Equator,  (60») 
By  yitva'e  banks  she  rules,  and  none  is  greater. 
Cron-stadt,  a  naval  post  where  Finland  boilv 
West  from  St.  Petersbuigh  just  twenty  miles. 
An^  south  of  Petersburgh,  is  Nov-go-rod': 
Though  fallen  now,  she  boasts  of  royal  blood : 
llie  proudest  city  once  of  all  the  north. 
Godlike  in  power,  imperial  in  worth. 
Pol-to'-WR,  known  for  Charles  the  XII  of  Sweden  ; 
Whoso  fate  we  learn  when  history  we're  readbg. 

C-des'-sa,  by  the  Black  Sea,  takes  her  seat. 
And  from  this  pla^e  exports  the  Russian  wheat ; 

And  Ni-ca-la-jef '  there  joins  tlie  catalogue, 
A  naval  station,  seated  on  the  Bo^. 

•Known  ibr  her  polnees,  and  for  her  heU, 
Moscow  in  the  interior  may  dwell. 

As  north  of  all  Archangel's  loir  is  made, 
Riga  on  Itiffa  (hdf  may  boast  her  trade. 

And  by  the  Caepian  of  the  Russian  clan, 
On  Veiya'e  southern  bank,  is  Astracan. 

Known  for  her  battlements,  and  for  her  wall, 
pf  Poland,  Warsaw  reigns  the  capital. 

The  RQHiuiak  in  nnenl.  «ra  robust,  well  ahapad,  and  of 
imttyooodeomplacbna  The  dreai  of  the  highCT  ranks  an 
after  the  Frencb  and  Enfflidi  fa  iona;  and  all  wear  a 
covering  of  Air  for  aiz  monUia  of  the  year.  Teiaons  of  both 
sowe  wear  t  ctms  on  their  breaat^  which  ia  put  on  when 
thrr  are  baptised,  and  never  hud  aaide  while  they  li?& 

The  following  are  the  Sovenigna  of  Ruaaia,  lowing  the 
yonra  of  their  acceation  to  power : 

Peur  the  Great,  uetnilon  ia  1698 

CMheriaaL,         •  .     1786 

P*Mrn»  .     )     . 


The  vineyard*  yi«ld  830  milHea  Rallona  of  wine 
annually,  and  <iccupy  Ave  million  acraa  of  around. 
The  principttl  rojoniee  are  Algeria,  SeMgeJ,  and  the 
liie  of  llourbon  in  Aftica;  Martiniqua  and  Gnada- 
loupe,  in  the  Weat  Indiee;  French  Guiana  in  South 
America;  andTondichorry  hi  Au.  » 

P^aia,  (he  nr  '"pii"!  of  the  |ir*n«h  lUpabUe  — ika 
paragon  of  muliionn  for  iha  world  —  ii  on  the  Stine 

Lyoni,  imiad  for  manuAieturti,  ii  at  ihr  Juneiioa  of  ite 
Rhone  anil  Biione.  '  "^ 

MarMilleiidioieit  Ibr  eonimcree ;  Bordeaoi  for  wlnaa 
HaTr.  at  ih«  porlof  Parit;  Coulon,  Rochtlbri,  and  llrS 
ai  naval  (laiionii  Baronne  at  iha  plaeo  when  bayonen 
w«r.  firal  OMd;  Calari  a*  having  repeawi^  bo,n  in  the 
poMMioa  of  Oreat  Britain;  Rouen  &  eouM  awaaA7 


RoMlon  Bmpliw, 


Bom*, 


It  comprises  nearly  one  half  of  El 
one  thini  of  Asia,  and  a  part  of  North  Americik 
It  eitende  half  way  round  the  earth,  and  compn. 
henda  one  aevepth  of  the  land'a  turftce.  It  ia,  gm> 
arally,  a  level  country,  and  iu  cliaracteriitie  fcaturaa 
are  vaat  plains  and  majealic  rivent 

Russia. 

Russian  Europe  is  notiJ  for  its  great  power 
and  impottanoe. 

The  inhalatanU  are  RuMdana,  Pdca,  FInna,  Tar- 
tans and  CoaNcka ;  the  latter  fonn  a  most  aiiciant 
part  of  the  army  of  Ruaaia. 

The  Emperor  ia  at  the  head  of  the  church,  and  ia 
styled  tha  Autocrat  trf'  aU  the  Ruaaiaa. 

The  military  flirce,  or  army  of  Rnaaio,  is  the 
wgaat  by  iar  of  any  in  Europe,  and  ia  a  gnat  oUact 
rf  tmor  and  anifaly  thnMglMat  ail  As  EMtam 
tontineni:  it  amounia  to  aeaily  KOttyBM  men. 
The  naval  foRio  eonaiais  of  SOO  vaasah,  M  <#  which 
are  ahipa  of  Ihs  line. 

The  great  body  of  tha  Rnaiiana  is  MM  into 
twodaaaea:nobieeandalavea  Tha  lamer  Nva  in 
grMi  aplmdor;  the  latter  are  tha  piO|Mity  of  the 
w*w**  «•  the  ■■"■ 


Anne, 


Klluheth,  • 

riterlU., 

Oatheriaea, 

Paul, 

Alaxaroltr,  > 
Miehoia^ 


1730 
1740 
1741 
I7«} 

u«a 

17M 
1801 
1« 


Twenty-two  milliona  of  aerfe  or  alavas  SM  said  (o 
be  o^ned  by  the  Autocrat  himaair. 

..S'm^I"""'^,"-  '•'"  •■n"«'t  •"  »»  k«*»  ef  Ike  Neva, 

■^  f.^vntif"^'*^  (qaaier,  •  om  efthe  meei 
splcndiil  eilici  in  ihr  world.  ^* 

Novgernd,  though  now  in  a  decayed  «aia,waaeMe 
the  wat  jf  a  grtai  r-public.  — >  wm  «mo 

Poluiwa  i«  remarkable,  in  hliiorr,  for  a  treat.  baitWi 
foaghl  benreen  Charl.«  XII  of  Swi^a.  tmH^i^ 
Onatof  Ruwia,inwhieh  the  latter  gained  a  eemplete 

..  *!?,r*'^  wai  l-ornt  by  the  Rniiana,  In  ISIS,  to  prevent 
ill  folluis  nii«  Iha  bandfof  tha  French.  It  waiealbbriiiwi 
roriii  mammoih  ball,  the  largral  ever  can,  Um  weight  of 
which  was  upward*  of  ISO  tons.  """B"'  "• 

Lapland 

Noted  as  being  the  most  northern  countrr 
,S""*P^    K  w  owned  by  Ruaaia  and  Sweden. 
Tha  inhabitanta  are  called  Laplandeivoi  I^apB^ 

They  aia  a  siropla,  inodfauiva  nm;  atrictly  honoat; 

andKvetoagraatag*.    InatMimihigfiMwaieaad 

BVI  Mt. 


' 


u 


40 


POETICAL    GEOGRAPHY. 


Bcpubllc  of  Cracow. 

Or»'-cow,  beside  Vuttda,  takes  her  poet, 
Kno^  for  the  mound  of  Kos-oi-iu'-ko  mo-i. 

«  Swedonf. 

Stock-holm,  ih  Sweden,  ia  the  brightest  etar. 
On  seven  emoU  isles,  'tween  Baltic  and  Ma-lar'. 

At  Ootha'i  mouth,  whose  fountain  head  is  Wenner, 
Fair  Gottcnberg  npreads  her  coramorcial  banner. 

Of  Fah-18n'8  copper  mines,  go  road  the  story. 
And  then,  for  iron,  look  at  Dan-e-mo-ra. 
Ju  fur,  Tor-ne-a  trades ;  she's  north  of  all ; 

uarls-cro-na,  south,  a  naval  staUon  call. 

Norway- 


Bridge  and  Mountain  torrent  in  Norway. 


Christiana  on  the  Norway  coast  is  laid ; 
Iron  and  lumber  is  her  wealth  and  ti-ade. 
Upon  the  western  coast,  is  seated  Bergen ; 
In  lumber,  tar  and  fish,  her  commerce  urging. 

Dron-theim'  is  north  of  this,  along  the  flood— 
Of  Norway's  ancient  kings,  'twas  once  the  abode. 

pnuila. 

Berlin,  of  Prussia,  stands  upon  the  (%rM, 
A  branch  of  £lbe,  of  royal  pedigree. 

Bres-lau  is  found  far  up  the  river  0-der, 
And  known  for  linens,  near  the  Polish  border. 

And  Konigsbui^  is  seated  on  the  Pre-ffol, 
Whose  place  or  rank,  in  days  gone  by,  was  regal. 

Next,  Dant-aic,  on  the  VU-tu-la,  we  greet, 
Great  mart  of  Poland,  for  exporting  wheat 


Bapabllo  o?  Craoow. 

Noted  for  a  mound  raised  to  the  memorv  of 
Kt,ff..{..iirn,  which  is  aOd  iiMt  in  higbtli,  and  S7S  fe«t 
in  diameter  at  the  baM. 

Bweidon. 

Noted  for  its  numerous  lakes.  It  is  a  level 
country,  with  the  climaU*  of  'Janada  Eatt,  and  has 
about  8,400  milM  of  iia  coait. 

It  hat  Taluable  minoe  of  iron  and  copper. 

HanJly  oneliirtieth  of  the  land  ii  tilUUe. 

The  higher  cbwiee  of  tlie  Swedce  are  intcllinei.t, 
brave  and  hnepitaWe ;  but  luiuriou*  and  oetcntaUoue. 

The  peaeante  aie  elinplo,  kind  and  rtrirtly  lionort. 

The  comptoiion  of  tho  Swedee  U  ruddy;  the  hair 
flaxen ;  and  their  beanie  and  moweUchee  ha»o  been 
deecribed  by  traTcleie  ai  alraoet  white,  and  in  beauti- 
ful Iwepini  with  their  blue  eyee  and  rich  coniplenoM. 

llTOCKHOtn,  b«lwof  n  BeWe  and  Melar,  1»  ihe  capital. 
Denemora  h«»  ih«  bent  iron  '"  *•  7«"''>      . 
Faklan  it  noted  for  copper,  and  Tornea  for  nir. 

Charlet  XII,  of  Sweilen,  waa  one  of  the  greatoit 
of  modern  warriort.  He  came  to  I'-e  throne  in  1607, 
at  tho  ase  of  fifteen.  In  hit  eev. nteenth  year,  he 
fouaht  the  combined  arroiee  of  Ruttia,  Polan  1  and 
Denmarit,  ani«  gained  OTor  them  a  decitivc  victory. 
In  hi.  flret  l«ttle  when  he  heard  Uie  histuig  i>(  the 
bulku  about  hit  ear  he  exclaimed,  in  a  rapture, 
<<  That  tfaall  be  my  nmiic.'' 

Norway. 

Noted  for  lU  rugged  mountains,  coW  (^ 
mate,  gigantic  pinee,  and  for  the  tcmfic  whirlpool 
on  iu  coAtt,  called  the  Malttrom. 

It  it  united  with  Swe^n  under  one  government, 
thongh  each  atate  enjoya  ila  own  coMtiluUon,  ita  own 

lawt  ani?  legidature,  .    ,     -,         ,    u  . 

From  laSOtolSU.itwUunitedtolkmniirksbut 

lince  that  time  it  hat  formed  a  part  of  Bwclcn. 

It  it  one  of  the  moat  mountaiiiout  countrtei  In 
Europe,  and  abounds  with  romantic  and  tuhUroe 
acenery. 

CaaisTiAKA,  the  aptd,  ia«hoted  fa  iron  and 
lumber.  ^  .  , 

Bergen,  upon  the  wettem  man,  cwtiea  on  a  great 
trade  in  lumber,  tar  and  fith. 

Pnuwla. 

Noted  for  iU  rapid  rise  from  a  small  sUte 
to  one  of  the  ftnt  powera  of  Europe. 

It  waa  formerly  an  electorate  of  Oennany ;  Bran- 
denburg  the  baait :  East  and  Vl^eat  Prui^  were  first 
■ddod;  Siletia  wat  wrested  UromAurtik;  Poeen 
from  Poland  i  and  a  part  of  Pomcrania  from  Swe. 
den;  and  Saxony,  Wettphalia,  Cleveaburg  and  the 
Lower  Rhine,  were  added  in  1815. 

The  principal  rivert  are  all  nayigable. 

Amber  ia  foujid  on  the  tborea  of  the  Baltw. 

The  army  b  the  beat  diaeipUned  in  Europe. 


•  •. 


e  roemorv  of 

I,  MKi  S7ft  fMt 


It  !■  a  level 
Eatt,  ami  hu 

;opper. 
tiiUU*. 

•re  intelliKCiit, 
lid  oatrntatioiM. 
I  itrirtly  honest 
ruJJy ;  the  hair 
:hM  haro  been 
I,  aiid  in  beauli' 
ch  comidexiana. 

r,  ii  ih«  capital. 

rid 

ta  for  flu. 

of  tha  greateat 
throne  in  I6ft7, 
teeiith  year,  ha 
■ia,  Foianl  and 
ikciaivo  viclary, 
,e  himing  uf  tM 
^  in  a  rapture, 


:aini,  coM  c]U 
terrifio  whirlpool 

one  govemment, 
Mtitution,  ita  own 

to  Denmark ;  but 
of  Bwixlon. 
oua  countriei  in 
(ttic  and  iublima 


tad  fiir  iron  and 
earriaa  on  •  gnat 


01  a  until  itate 
le. 

Oennany;  Bian* 
Pcui^  were  firat 
a  Austria ;  Poien 
srania  from  8we> 
lev«A)urg  and  tha 

gable. 

r  the  Bhitie. 

1  in  Europe. 


EUROPE. 


41 


Oo-logne,  upon  thoMint,  with  Dutch  nuty  trade, 
A  water,  called  Cologne,  the  long  haa  made. 
As  Frankfort  on  the  Odir  koepa  her  fairs, 
On  Elbe,  is  Mag-de-burg,  prepared  for  wen. 
As  Luther  lived  in  Wittenberg— in  Thorn, 
By  Vi$-tu-la,  Copernicus  was  bom. 
Aix  la  Oha-pelle  and  Til-sit  both,  we  find, 
Are  for  important  treaties  borne  in  mind. 

Aiutrla. 

On  Dambe'e  banks,  o'er  Austria  stands  Vienna, 
Upon  a  fertile  plain,  she  rules  o'er  many. 

Prague  rules  Bohemia,  on  the  tide  Moldau; 
Her  bulwarks  frown  upon  the  fields  below. 

North  of  Vienna  Aus'-ter-litz  appears. 
And  of  Napoleon's  victory  wears  the  scars. 

By  tlie  Adriatic  Gulf  »»  tlironed  Tri-este, 
Well  fortified,  of  Austria's  ports  the  best. 

And  near  the  Adriatic,  *mong  the  number, 
I'-dri-a,  for  quicksilver  mines,  remember. 


Buda  and  Tctih. 

Dada,  on  the  wwt  baiik  or  the  Danube,  it  conaected  with  Peeih,  on 
the  catlern  bank,  by  a  bridge  of  boau. 

At  Bu-da's  baths  and  palaces,  now  look 

By  Danube'e  western  bank,  upon  a  rock ; 
With  this,  connected  by  a  bridge  of  bouts, 
Pesth,  on  the  eastern  bank,  her  trade  promotes. 

Schem'-nits  and  Krem'-nitz,  'mong  the  mountains 
Well  known  for  mines  of  silver  and  of  gold,      [old, 

To-kay*,  for  wines ;  as  Presburg,  well  you  know. 
Was  Hungary's  capital,  some  years  ago. 

Lem-berg,  for  inland  trade ;  of  Polish  birth, 
Wie-lic«'-ka  from  her  salt  mines  draws  her  worth. 

N 

German  States— Ba » aria.   ^ 

Bavaria  waves  her  bannort  >y  the  r-ter,  [«-««r] 
Bavaria's  capital,  she's  known  to  be,  sir. 


Ita  a^ftem  of  eommon  aciiool  tduoaHon  b  eonrid- 
•red  the  beat  hi  the  world. 

Baatix,  the  capital,  oi.  the  8nr«e,  «  hnndi  of  Iha 
Elk),  ia  one  of  the  moat  ipiendid  citira  in  Europa. 

Konigaburg  waa  once  tha  capital  of  the  whoU 
kingdom. 

Frankfort,  on  the  Oder,  ia  noted  for  Aiin. 

Magdeburg,  on  the  Elba,  ia  atrongljr  fortified. 

Wittenberg  waa  tha  mndance  of  Luther. 

Thorn  waa  thti  roaidenie  of  Co^micua. 

AU  la  Chapella  and  Tilnt  are  nolad  for  tnaliM, 

AoatzUL 

One  of  the  most  important  states  of  Europe: 
one  third  larger  than  Franco,  and  Iwica  aa  laiia  a* 
Great  itritniii  and  Ireland. 

It  ia  richer  in  mineral*  than  any  other  EuroMaa 
atatc.  ' 

11m  Archducbr  of  Aualria  ia  Hie  original  bBi4a 
of  thi*  Emntro.  Hungnrv  waa  obtained  in  1488,  br 
m^uTiage;  Oalliria  in  1793,  by  the  diemenibenne^ 
of  Poland.  I'he  Italian  provincea  were  annaxad 
in  1816. 

VuNif^,  on  a  fertile  plain,  and  aituated  upon  the 
Danube,  ia  the  capiul. 

Prague,  on  the  Moldau,  a  atrongljr  fortified  town, 
ia  the  capital  of  Bohemia. 

Auatcrlitx,  norih  of  Vienna,  ia  noted  for  a  gnat 
victory  of  Napoleon  over  tho  Auatriana. 

Trieate,  by  ihu  Adriatic,  a  atnmgly  fortified  town, 
haa  tho  beat  port  in  Auatria. 

Buda,  noted  for  liatha,  on  the  Danube,  ia  con- 
nected with  Poath,  on  the  enafcm  aide,  by  a  bridge  of 
boata. 

WieUczka,  a  town  of  Poland,  if  noted  for 
niinea. 


KreMolu. 

KreiQnitz  and  Sehemniiz,  among  the  moentaiui  of  Hon. 
gary,  aro  noted  Ibi  gold  and  »il»eF  minee. 

.^ 

Oermau  BtatM.— Ba^atia. 

Bavaria,  in  the  seutheastern  part,  is,  next 
to  Auatria  and  Pruaaia,  the  nw*:  impc.lani  aUta  in 
Gcrmonr. 

The  Black  Forcat  and  the  Alp,  two  manea  of 
mounUina,  f.irm  one  principal  foature  of  ihia  alate. 
They  are  bleak  regiona,  with  little  wood  or  venluie. 

Agriculture  ia  in  a  backward  atote,  and  nwnufiietuiM 
have  been  neglected. 

Bavuia,  on  the  Taar,  ia  tha  eapitaL . 


■■^ttjaifs^^nnnWiSjfV 


43 


POETICAL    OROGRAPHY. 


For  watclioi  known,  inrentioni,  toyt  and  books. 
At  Nuremberg,  the  traveler  often  look*. 

Blenheim;  on  Danube,  and  the  Ilo-hen-Iln-den, 
Prom  Mtt'-nich,  east,  the  war-horw  once  recUned  on. 

iRxonjr. 

For  her  picture  galleries  known,  now  look  at 
Be«id«  the  Slbt,  a»  Saxony,  she  route  in.   [Dresden, 

In  fairs  and  commerce,  let  fair  Leip'-sio  reign. 
As  Meis'-scn,  on  the  Slhe,  makes  porcelain ; 

And  Frcy'-berg,  by  two  hundred  mines  surroxindad, 
Has  there  a  mining  institution  founded. 

'  '^  llanovor. 

Upon  the  L*ine,  from  Oio  western  shores,  just  over, 
Well  fortified  and  strong,  is  fair  Hanover. 

Up  the  same  tide,  has  Oottingen  her  post, 
Known  for  her  university  the  most. 
•    A  North  Sia  port,  for  vMScls  great  and  small, 
Em'-den  is  on  the  Ehns,  northwest  of  all. 

Wlrtomborff. 

Stutt'-gard  of  Wir'-tem-berg,  as  first  may  shine, 
Upon  a  branch  of  the  fair  flowing  Rhine,      [dress. 

On  Danube's  banks,  Ulm  wears  her  shining  war- 
O'er  Europe,  noted  for  a  mighty  fortress. 

Baden. 

Carls-ru'-ho,  jiear  the  Bhiru,  rules  over  Ba'-den, 
Whose  shores.  *:»h  Man'-heun.  farther  north,  are 
•laden. 

Small  €9criuaii  State*. 

Mentc,  on  the  river  Mine,  mrmUtd  printing; 
Of  war,  her  bulwarks  se^ni  to  be  a  hinting. 

Weimar,  the  capital  of  Saxe  Weimar, 
Has  been  the  abode  of  many  a  learned  dreamer ; 

Je'-na,  southeast  of  this,  her  place  may  fix, 
Remembered  for  the  firay  of  eighteen  'six.    [1800 

Fre«  Cities. 

Frankfort,  known  for  her  Federative  Diet, 
Lives  on  the  J/i/yne— a  place  of  fiurs  and  quiet 

Hamburg,  upon  the  Elbe,  has  fixed  her  station, 
Where  vesstm  come  to  trade,  of  every  nation. 


Uttk  «*  Ho*MmU«l««,  wh««      **«- — - 

«  of  hb  (ptiU  tictofi*,  to  comin«mortW|l 

I  ^Jinaiublimsaisd  jiowtof  iongjOi  wMca 

Ik.  „^»m\nt  ••  ••»  '■'''•'^ ' 

On  Llndwi  when  »ha  ««  wm  km, 
All  Woodlci*  itjf  lh«  untfoodcn  mmhW. 
And  dark  a»  matet  miM  the  flow, 

or  lirr,  rolling  rapidlv. 
But  timlen  ww  Mother  vight. 
When  the  dr»un  be«t  at  de«l  ol  nlgh^ 
Commuidind  flraa  of  death  to  Ufht, 

Tha  dariuiaai  of  her  aoenaqr* 

Saaony. 

Tlie  smallest  kingdom  In  Europe,  though 
tha  people  an  tha  bart  educated.  • 

AgriJuttuw  and  roinint  «Miij  km  tha  oecupatioa 
of  the  InhahiUnta.  ^^. 

The  *aon  ahufp  ara  notod  *»  ihdrBae  wo«. 

Comro*rw  awl  manufactttwa  a»  •»»*«'t;-^,. 

DiMOUi.  on  ilw  KIU»,  i»  iiowd  for  «•  plowre  fanejlti. 

Ltlptia  I*  lurtwl  ft>r  niira. 


I  lainTut  iiuUuiiioa. 


Ibriu 


BanoTsr. 


Hanover  became  a  kingdom  In  1818. 

It  it  mortly  ati  exten.ivo  plain,  with  gentle  ruwng 

Sound.,  and  nearly  dcsUlute  rf  mounUina.     1 1.e 
Hrts  Mountaina  are  rkh  in  minoa,  which  are  ex««n- 
iively  wi  ught 

Smra        on  a  branch  of  lh«  Rhine,  '•  il*»  e«P'«l'    ,, 
SSdin        he  Km*, »  U..  principal  port  tor  Uie  North 

^OotttaSin,oi»  ih.  Ltioa,  U  jotcd  tor  lu  unitroTttif. 
Wlitemberg. 

Noted  as  being  the  best  cultivated  psft  of 
Germany.  ■ 

Erected  into  a  Idngdom  in  1800. 
lit  mountaina  are  ricli  in  minerala. 

Baden. 

A  narrow  but  fertile  plain  on  the  east  side 
of  the  Khine.  ,         . 

CABLaaoat,  ia  the  capitaL- 

Small  GNinnan  States. 

'Hkssx  Darmstadi  conaistt  of  Uirea  sepa- 
nlTSttkU;  two  north,  ««i  the  oth«  ««rth  irf  .he 

Saxe  Wmiiab  is  noted  for  lU  high  raiik  In 

lUicraUue  and  the  arta.  w_«-h 

-«»     acted  for  a  real  haul*  between  thflFwn* 

and  Pmwiana,  where  Napntoon  gamwl  one  of  Ws 

peateat  vietoriea. 

Free  Cities. 

Mentz.  strongly  fortified,  is  noted  as  boipg 
the  pince  where  printinf;  waa  mvented. 


t        MONM 

moimnoniMil 


«p«,  though 

Iha  ooeopatiot 

flae  wooU' 

euir*  fmOniet' 
ittiaci,  it  noMd 


181S. 
1  gontle  riung 
lUiiUin*.    Tlie 
bieh  ue  extm- 


i(  ihc  e«pH<il    ^ 
,rt  for  th*  North 

M  uniTortltjr. 


mtcd  part  of 


the  eut  side 


tarn. 

)f  tliree  scpt- 
haf  Mnilh  of  *Hc 

Nhigfarwikin 

woen  thfiFrandi 
iMd  OB*  of  hii 


EUROPE. 


8«»t«d  upon  her  weatcrn  bank*,  i»  Bremen, 
Noted  for  commoroe,  aird,  of  towni,  a  freeman. 

Lu-beo',  though  in  obwuritj  iinmorwd, 
In  the  famed  Hanieatio  League,  wa«  fir«t.    * 

•wKxcrluid, 


d3 


itmoti  duareuiiif. 

Of  Switierland'a  towns,  Bcme  stands  upon  the 
Lau-aann«,  upon  Geneva,  has  her  fure ;  [Aar ; 

These  two,  with  Zurich,  on  her  lake  or  sea,  [zu'rick 
Are.notcd  for  their  splendid  scenery. 

Known  as  the  place  where  paper  first  was  made, 
And  for  her  school,  Basle  on  the  Mine  is  laid,  [bale 

8cauff-hau'-Ben,  for  a  cataract  of  the  Rliine  ; 

Lu-oeme',  where  towers  the  forest  tree,  sublime. 

Known  for  her  council,  of  religious  make, 
Constance,  i     theast  of  all,  is  by  the  Lake. 

Belfffiun. 


EiX^^    '     '       '*"'  '"'^  wm-Mrcial  dUc  In 
Fii*i,Krn«T,  the  capital  of  GermanT.  I.  noted  fat 
tive  Diet,  or  Congrew  aMsmblo. 

Swltierland. 
One  of  the  most  mountainous  countries  of 

uCn,^^  ^r  '••  '"''''"^  ""J  romantic  Z.5r. 

Iliadvklad  into  iwuuy-lwo  cantorw,  which  ara 
aach  uukMn.1'.:  -.public,  united  togeUwr  fo^^ 
purooio  of  common  Jcfonaa.  "'mum 

The  country  aUnd.  will,  lofty  mountain.,  car- 
•red  wiih  pctpctuul  mow  $  gl.c'oia,  or  lakea  of  Ice : 
torrenu  that  roar  and  foam  dc  wl  the  n)ck.  5  «. 
•▼alanchoa,  or  immnnso  ma«ea  01'  atiow. 

B«""«.  Uc«i,!,g  and  Zvnicn  are  th«  capital*  of 
8w.tMrl.nd  i  the,  arc  not*,!  fu,  the  grandetu  of  their 

Daile,  noted  for  ita  u.iivcrwty,  and  aa  the  plaos 
where  pnpcr  wa.  Rm  made,  i.  on  the  Rhino.     ' 

the  Khine  "  '"""  "'"  **''=''""«^  «■>«««««  "f 

Constance,  by  Lake  CoMtanco,  U  noted  for  its 
eccicaunticnl  cuuncd.  * 

Tiia  UATiKir  or  THt  thrki  Tatia.— The 
three  founder,  of  the  HelveUc  confcdemcy  are  thought 
to  aloep  in  a  cavern  near  the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  ft 
w  .up|K«ed  that  If  Switzorland  i.  ever  enchained,  they 
Will  arue  and  vmd.cate  her  right*. 

Wheii  Uri'i  berehnn  woo<lf  wave  rod. 
Ill  the  burning;  liamloi's  ligln  j 
ov"  ,.  I"  ''"  cavern  of  the  deud, 
Sh«ll  ihe  uleoperi  walk  In  miifln. 

.ill"  ''■•''  '"'*  ■''•'"'•  Pioad  hep, 
"  b«n  Hway  th*  holm  h«  flung. 
And    vldly  up  the  Mto  • 
Prom  iku  flaihing  billow  tprunf 

Thejr  shall  walt«  heiidn  ih«  forsM  sea. 
In  the  ancien.  (urli  llify  wor«, 

lif^'i'ryj'.l''."' ""  *?!!?•  ""•  "■■«••  »•  n»^ 

Un  the  aruili's  mooiil^ghi  shora. 
Aiui  their  voictt  (hall  b«  heard, 
And  be  answered  wiih  a  shout. 
Till  lie  echoing  Alps  are  stirred. 
Inu  Ih- -' — '• — •-•-'        ^ 


Anu  the  signal  firaa  blaze  out 


»t. 


Belflum. 


Brussels. 
Brast^la,  ia  Balgiun,  la  nelad  tbr  carpets,  laee,  eamblets,  *e. 

BnuMls,  in  Belgium,  on  a  branch  of  SeheltU,  [eieU 
In  carpets,  lace  and  eambl^,  long  has  dealt. 


Noted  for  its  fertility ;  its  high  aUte  of 
cnltwation ;  and  for  lU  being  the  most  thickly  popu. 
Uted  of  any  counlty  of  Eumpo. 

The  Belgians  were  formbriy  called  Fleming*. 

Belgium  once  belonged  to  Austria,  and  then  to 
France.  In  1816  it  whb  united  with  Holland  It 
became  a  aeparate  Sute  in  1830,  when  Leopold  t»>k 
the  throne.  ' 

Baranu,  the  captUl,  b  noted  for  iU  cupetiL  hoe. 
eaffibl*ts,'ftc.  '  ' 


POETICAL    OBOORAPHY. 


From  DruMcU.  north,  in  milw,  junt  tweptyftve. 
Antwerp,  upon  tho  Sehddi,  her  Iriwlo  may  drive ; 
Of  her  cnthedral,  there  i»  much  renown, 
Tlmt  climbs  tho  heuvenn  in  feet,  four,  forty-one.(44 1 ) 

Glicnt.  for  ft  treaty  known,  wc  next  wiU  scun. 
Just  thirty  milcn  Boutliwcst  of  Amsterdnm. 

Nino  milon  from  Brussels,  south,  U  Waterloo, 
Where  met  Napoleon  hU  orerthrow.        [quarteri, 

Liege,  known  for  fircnrma.  makts  the  MtuH  her 

Mech'-lin  for  lace,  and  Spa  for  mineral  wat«ri. 

Tour'-noy  nnd  Mons  along  the  French  fronUor. 
Bafc  in  their  battlements,  need  nothing  fear. 

Denmark. 

And  Copenhagen  stands  on  Zealand  Ule : 
Ai,  by  the  Elbe,  Al-to'-nn  jeigns  the  while. 
F.om  Copenhagen,  nortli,  on  Zealand's  shore, 
Where  vessels  pay  their  toll,  is  El-si-noro'. 

nolinnd.  { 

m 

In  proportion  to  Its  exU>nt.  HoUiUia  is  ons  of  tho  !» 


and  gn^at.-Ht  conirocrciul  ^9^'"  •""  .^  ? '!nt,M  ««.  chieflt  i 

The  foreign  tenitorieslxaoiigint;  U>  Holtatid  »«> ''»«°y 
In  ill  EMt  IndiPS  f.ml  iiiclu.lc  i<art  of  UiP  wlsmls  of  J»}S, 

S"m  or  S  Ouiana-  j"  t!.o  Wert  luda*  th^m^«  ^f 
St  KustoUii,  OnrMcn.  Saba,  and  rajl  of  8u  Martin  i..  in 
Africa,  soveral  forts  on  the  ooost  of  Oumoa. 

InHolland,ncarthecoBst,Haguemakef  her  claim; 
As,  thirty  miles  northeast,  is  Amsterdam; 
The  last  stands  on  an  arm  of  Zuy-der  Zee, 
Known  for  canals,  where  boate  pnss  merrily. 

As  Rotterdom  is  seated  on  tke  Meuse  ;  [mue« 

Harlem,  by  Jhflem  Laic,  of  flowers  makes  uio. 

As  a  naval  depot,  next,  remember  Hushing. 
U-trecht',  for  peaoe,  where  river  Rhine  U  blushing 

The  StnicH  off  Ilaly.— Sardinia. 

Much  noU'd  for  her  silks,  beside  tho  Po, 
Tu-rin  rules  o'er  Sardinia  you  know,  (tu-reen') 

Gen'-o-a,  built  upon  a  mountain's  ride. 
Still  of  Columbus  makes  her  boast  and  pride. 

Here,  Al-es-san'-driii  and  Ma-ren'-go's  known, 
The  last,  where  fought  the  great  Napoleon. 


Antwarp  k  noted  fcr  lU  cathedral,  lh« 

which  ii 4 It  *»»»>»«»>•  ^^         .w   It  ..^ 

Qheni  >■  Ui«  |A«*  where  peace  brtwMM  the  Unitsd 

HUlM  ami  (IreM  Utitain  Wiu  r.«iclu.lva. 

WaleiliHJ  w  fiunouii  for  one  of  ibff  greutcrt  Iwtllri 

^IMXMiigtsliKtsanfroinUyron'  W'aleilooi 
And  th»re  w  a«  mountiiii  In  hot  haitc,  «!i«  ateed, 
Tli»  mutt'  '"'K  ""luodriin,  aiKl  ihr  -laltrnnjoaf 
Want  poiiriiig  CorwurJ  willi  mimanoui  tiMicU, 
And  awiflly  fonniug  in  Uif  t*t\k»  of  war. 
Laatnoon  behvld  thxin  fidl  of  luity  lif«, 

The  ■ddnight  brought  tho  ►igiial  aouiid  of  •tnre.- 
The  moni,  the  iwafahaUng  In  af  nw.-lhe  day 

3r"u».^K'.«-eXwKi.h  when  rent, 
Th»  earth  i«  coverr.l  thteli  with  ethef  clay. 
Which  iur.mn olay  shall eover,  ««wp«d  "'J  P*"*. 
Rider  aiid  horw,  Wend,  tor.  in  one  red  burial  blenU 

XMbmark. 

Denmork  comprises  the  peninsula  of  Jut- 
land,  the  duchic*  of  HoUuin  and  LaHenberj,  together 
with  Fuen  and  Z.  uland.  wlUi  tl.e  fu»ei«i  poesfemona 
of  Greenland,  Iwland.  Fonie  Uland^  *c. 

The  soil  Is  fertita  aii«l  weU  atl«pt««l  to  paaturage. 
.   The  atmoaiilMrre  la  tliiclt  and  cloudy,  but  generally 
nlubriouK  and  healiliy. 

Tlio  Dane*  ate  honctt  and  well  educat*«l. 

•i'he  principal  source  of  influence  U  thw  slate,  is 
the  ronmiim.!  of  the  enUanre  to  tlw  DalUc.  It  cxacU 
a  toll  of  ail  iliiiie  that  pa«  in  and  out  ol  tint  ».*. 

Corai«»A8«!«,  ou  ihe  UlaiTd  of  Zealand,  U  Uia  capital. 


Holland. 

The  land  of  the  Dutch,  formerly  called  ike 

Netherlands.  .  ,       ».    ,_.  j  .u. 

This  is  a  flat,  level  country,  Ulow  the  l*d  «»• 
ie«  •  which  is  kept  from  encrooching  snd  ow>r«»Wing 
the  laud  by  incana  of  dyk» )  or  emliankroents. 

Canals  servo  the  purpose  of  atrccta,  and  «•  the 
Iriahways  for  the  commerce  of  the  kingdom. 

'fho  Dutch  are  th«  most  invclerate  imokeis  In  Um 

They  have  colonies  in  South  Ameiioa,  Wsk  At 
rica,  Java,  and  other  A«ialic  island*. 

AMsrKBnAM,  the  capital,  on  Zuyder  Zee,  te  noted 
for  iu  canals,  that  oorvo  the  puipose  of  rtneta. 

Italy. 

A  peninsul*  ra  the  southern  pwt  of  Europe ; 
noted  M  having  Iwm  tho  siat  of  the  Roman  Bmpjrt, 
Hof  tbeToii.,  wd  ..Ih.  kndof  sculptui.,  paint- 
ing,  architecture  and  music  • 

Tt  i.  #.«ing«lshed  IflwWise  for  its  miM  climate,  and 
•a  being  the  meet  dclightlul  countnr  of  Europe. 

It  is  now  divided  tate  several  diBfcwnt  atates  oi 
governments,  tho  prindpal  of  which  ai«  as  foMows: 

1  The  kingdom  of  Naples,  or  the  two  wohW; 
8.  The  Stateaof  the  Oiuircli.  3-  OrsfiJ  ""**?,^ 
Tusc«>y.  4.  Tho  kingdom  of  Sanluila.  ».  IU* 
kingdoiB  of  Lombordy  and  Vonioe. 


Um  $\Am  of 

HI  the  UnUcJ 

•aWat  Utllri 
la  of  Euroi<« 

1*  W«l«rlooi  I 

ttlA  *U««i, 
:r  ring  car 

irar. 

b. 

d  of  •tlife,— 
hottay 

sh  when  ront, 

clay, 
•d  and  pent, 
d  burial  blent. 


liuk  of  Jut- 
nbarg,  together 
igtt  |Maar«iona 

to  paaturage. 
f,  but  generally 

ucateil. 

U  tkii  atate,  ia 
lallic.  Uciacta 
1  ol  that  a;«. 
,  U  tha  capital. 


irly  called  t2i« 

r  thefaedof  Iha 

and  ovorflgwiog 

nkroenla. 

ita,  and  «•  the 

ingdom. 

e  amokaisln  Um 

nerka,  WaaCAC 

del  Zee,  ia  noted 
of  atraeta. 


Murtof  Etirope; 
I  Koman  Empire, 
raculp<un,  peint- 

ndM  climate,  and 
I  of  Europe. 
liflBtcnt  alafea  « 
h  an  M  followa 
the  two  Bidliee. 
Grand  Duchy  of 
lardinia.    6.  The 


EUROPE. 


45 


Vpon  Sardinia'a  ial«,  behold  SM-aa'-ri 
High  to  thfl  north,  while  south  is  one  Cagl  ia' ri. 

Lombardy  aod  Tealce. 

For  hor  Cathedral  known,  th«  fair  Milan , 
Upon'tho  west  of  Lombard)  wo  scan  ; 

Venice,  boaido  the  Adriatic  imllea. 
High  U)  the  h«ad  on  oorenty-two  unall  iaiea. 

Aa  Virgil'a  birth  place,  next  Man-tu'-a  know, 
That  kcopa  hor  station  on  the  rolling  Po. 

Lo'-di  in  west  of  this,  a  warlike  town. 
Where  Bonnpiirto  a  splendid  victory  won. 

StateM  or  the  Cburcli. 

Rome,  by  Iho  Tibtr,  keeps  her  ancient  neat. 
Known  for  her  tomplcs  and  her  struoturcs  great; 
Her  columns,  arches,  monuments  wo  hail. 
But  the  far  famed  St.  Peter's  first  of  all. 
As  fnir  Bo  logn-a  keeps  tlie  northern  border, 
An-co'-na,  to  the  south-east,  boaata  her  harbor. 

TWO  Two  Slcllle*.- 


Nii(j|«*. 


ii.7,2';''n,  I'  I'T  """"•  ^«"";""-  ^••  •«««>«»  noted  fcr  U>.  beauty  of 

Near  Mount  Yesarius  lot  NapVs  stay, 
Long  noted  for  the  beauty  of  nor  Bay. 

Pu-ler'-mo  sita  on  Sicily's  fair  isle, 
And  there  Mcs-si'-na  and  Ca-ta'-ni-a  smile* 

its  Syracuse  ia  known  for  aucient  s^ilendor, 
The  win«  cup  to  Mar-sa'-la  we  may  tender. 


■ardlnU. 


Th«   kinjplom  of  Sardinia  embraces  (h« 
laiaml  nrHanUiiia,  oiid  the  nocthwfttom  pariof  IteJa 

'Iha  latter  haa  a  Una  ^il  and  inlld  climata. 

itie   liland   uf  Hanllnia   liaa  an   area  of  about 

10,000  aquar^  milea ;  it  la  a  trUla  mmUn  than  MIellr. 

,      A  large  nortlon  of  the  aurfatv  k  hilly  and  rhmu^ 

tainoua.    U  nmducea  ewy  »arle«f  of  froiu  ««-.».- 

loaoulhem  Kurojw.  --ww- 

Tuaiii,  tlie  capital  of  BunUnia,  on  Itie  Po,  ia  noM 
for  ailka.  '     ^^ 

Oenoa  ia  noted  aa  the  birtbplara  of  Cohimbw. 

Marengo  for  a  great  victory  of  Napolaoa  over  Iha 
Au.truuw,  iu  1800. 

Zioaibardr  and  Vanlo*. 

Lotnbnrdy  and  Venice,  or  Austrian  lulr.  is 
aituated  betwt«en  the  Hivcr  I»o  und  tlie  Alpa. 

It  ia  one  of  the  Imt  cultivated  statea  ofltalr.  and 
belonga  to  Austria.  ' 

LoTiibarily  U  in  the  wr«t  and  Venice  in  the  eaal 

Mitiv,  in  the  waat  of  Louibardy,  U  noted  for  ita 
catliiylral. 

Vciiico  Li  aituated  on  aeventy-two  amall  iainnda,  at 
the  licnd  of  ihe  Adriatic,  or  Oulf  of  Venice. 

Miintu;!  ia  noted  aa  the  liirthplaco  of  Virgil. 

Lodi  fur  one  of  Napoleon' a  moat  aplcndid  viclotiap. 

Statea^of  the  ^buroh. 

Home,  the  moat  celcbratud  city  on  the  globe, 
la  lllletn  milca  from  tlio  moulh  of  Uie  TiUir,  Among 
tlie  aUucturea  and  momimcnfa  of  greatiieaa,  that 
etriio  iho  inii-rcst  of  travelora,  ia  the  grea*  bt.  i'atsr'aL 
tho  largcal  cathedral  ever  built 


Naples. 

Naples,  or  the  two  Sicilies,  includes  tha 
aomlirrn  part  of  Italy,  the  ialond  of  Sicily,  and  the 
Lipari  lalca. 

I'hoao  enjoy  a  warm  climate,  and  ha?e  ■  ft^lUo 
aoil,  that  producca  the  greatmt  variety  of  graina  and 
fruita. 

The  iiilpnd  of  Sidly  waa  fomierly  called  ihe  Qx*. 
nary  of  Italy. 

Agriculture  and  minufaclurea,  notwithataudiog, 
are  in  a  very  backward  atate. 

Nkftu,  neven  milea  from  Mount  Vesuvhub  k 
noted  for  iu  lieautifui  bny. 
Svraciue  ia  rioted  for  ita  ancient  aplenJor. 
Maraala,  for  ita  delidoua  wines. 

Qranti  Duchy  of  Tuaoaay. 

0*>o  of  the  most  populous  states  of  Italy. 

rhe  pcopin  iiv  iiiJuMriaua  i:<d  entcrpriaing. 

Manufo  jturoa,  aa  wcH  ii«  agriculture  are  flourishing. 

FLoamci!,  on  tho  river  Amo,  ia  noted  for  painting 
and  aculpture. 

Pisa,  for  iu  leaning  tower,  1 90  feet  high,  and  14 
from  a  perpendicular. 


I 


OBOORAPHY 


OnuU  9mthr  or  Twcaay. 


rtoraM*. 
FWMM*,  ill**!**  on  Ik*  Af  nn,  !•  m)W<«  fcr  IW  0«ll.ry  of  jf^-UM* 

Flor'-ence  l«  Mated  on  th«  Anto'i  b»nlu  ; 
In  tculpturo  and  in  pwntlng,  high  the  r»nlM. 

Pl-ift  U  noted  for  her  leaning  tower ;  (po-ift) 
Leg-bora',  near  by,  in  commence  boaiU  her  power. 

SinaU  StMtcMi. 

1lo-de'-na  rules  iho  Duchy  of  Moden* ; 
Onrraru  thcio,  for  marble  's  known  to  many. 
Ajacclo  blooms  on  {3or«ica'i  rirh  coa«t, 
AM  aa  Napoleon's  birth-place  lot  it  boart. 

MoDlMA  la  the  ctpltnl  of  Mwlona. 
Cmto»  U  noted  for  kU  bcouiiful  marUlo.  , 

Ajaccio,  on  Iha  WwiU  of  Come*,  i«  notoJ  u  tto  hWhptoM  of 
Ntpoleon. 

Turkey  In  iUirope. 

Near  BoB'-pho-ru«,  in  sight  of  Asia's  shore, 
Constantinople  hears  Mar-mo'-ra's  roar ; 
Well  fortified,  her  harbor  lot  her  boost, 
Her  mosques  and  temples,  but  seraglio  moat. 

And  A-dri-an-o'-ple  sits  in  ancient  Thrace, 
Upon  Ma-rit-ta't  banks  her  tradbg  place. 


Turkey  lo  Biuope.  ^ 

The  seal  of  the  OUoman  Kmplr*'.  snJ  Ae 
moot  «m»h*(»»ofn  .ouniit  <M  Kurow". 

It  to  liil««l**^'   *»»•"   n»~"'™^  ^tUT,  M« 

'*"t'u  m.-«N  »««•  "^  h  «»-  "•""•*  •"*'  1;"^'^ 

It  luw  •  fcrtil*  "Ml.  «"•  '""J  '■'»'"•"  •  ■'"'  "    " 
Ul«fm)  rt^mnuinl  wouW  |«  ooo  of  lb-  »«-«  eam- 

Irioo  111'  Euroiw. 

Tho  court  U  r»lW  tU  OUonuwi  Portr,  ot  HuUime 

OoiitrAiri»i»ri»!,  m  tho  •ouU.M«t«m  p«rt  of 
Rufopo,  upon  tho  B.«|J.ofU..  i«n.r  Am.  o".!  Ui«  <*• 
<rf  M«rra'.r«,  U  cufl  of  tho  niumt  dlM«  af  fcuropo. 
Tho  •on«lu»,  Of  iflipofiol  ?•»««».  ••  •  "'X  "•  "*"• 

Oreece. 

One  of  the  moot  dlstiii«ui«hcd  countrJee  on 

Iho  globo.  NotaHl  f.*  iU  (jiriU  •nUiUily,  ond  fM 
havina  bwri  iho  rjkJlo  of  Ow  orU  ond  tcijma* 

h  hno  IoU'It  l«?n  rwiw.)  fr.Mtt  Tutkuh  ihroWoss. 
by  Um  eomUncI  oUI  ..f  I«u«m«,  Fmnco  oikI  Enf- 
Und  I  tiul  i«  HOW  in  •  proojiorouo  condlUon. 

Amies*  bi  ii"tod  (at  Ua  snli'iuity,  utd  ImportMMe 

In  former  tlmo*.  .       „#  .w«  •r„.fc 

N«»«'ln.'  l«  """J  Uh  tho  .WnicUon  of  tho  rofk- 
yi  flort,  (VU)»«»  UOth.  1897.  by  Uio  comiinod  «ooto 
of  the  Kronch,  En|lUh  ond  RuiMono,  undo*  Admlrol 

^"ilZ^\  I.  notod  0.  belf  tho  pU«.  of  Bynm'i 
doothi  April  IBth,  ISM. 


Alben*. 

Aih»ii«.  th#  •■•pn«l  "f  <!"•«•.  w»«  «»•  ofth*  mow  OOU- 
h«i«d  J^i«  of  oiuiqui-y.    «•  wtt.  ui«l.»«l»  Ito  «•»  Of 


Ctreece. 

Atli'-ens,  in  Greece,  a  town  of  age  and  fame, 
Berido  the  Oulf  Egi'-m  writes  her  name. 

Hy'-dra,  upon  an  island  takes  her  rest ; 

Na-po'-li  has  a  harbor  called  the  best : 

And  Navarino  is  remembered  yet. 
For  the  destruction  of  the  Turkish  fleet. 
In  18-27,  when  Frank  and  Russ,  ( 1687) 
And  Britain,  all  combined  the  Turk  to  crush.  ,, .„„„,.,. -.  -:  -.^-^ 

And  MU-so-W-ghi.  last  of  all.  bes.de  ';i'l;- :5r.!i?  'Wii'V'S:  O^'V^l^ 

The  Gulf  rn-tras',  —  the  place  where  Byron  died.  |  u>wni  m  orewe- 


Towa  of  Hyra. 


Byra  on  ill*  iflaail  of  »yr*,  in  Ui*  Gr««!*n  Arf  hip^afOi 
■  "  and  I 


r 


A 

the 
inti 
of  V 


( 
wi 

N« 

A«i 

J 

Wfc 

Aa4 

FM 

T 

Ma.1 
A 
Whi 
Sont 
Noit 


t,  tad  Hm 

itl  UuwhMi 
■lul  uiuiw  « 
AiiMl  eoun" 

■ml  Um  Ma 
•  of  Kunipe. 


nuntriefl  on 

Illy,  tnd   far 

riencw. 

uli  thmlikMB, 

ro  titd  Bn^ 

lion. 

J  tm!x>rtMW* 

mliinnl  flM<* 
iMler  Aiimlnd 

«•  of  ByiMi't 


sflkvlMMttU- 

tly  llM  taat  of 


ian  ArrkipaUfO. 
«in(uliir  apiwu- 
inoM  OMnthlBg 


of  world.  *^       •  "  containing  more  inhabitants  Uian  aJl  the  reit 

€atpM. 

Worth  fli(ht,  uHl  tMl  liM  mmt^aighdi  (i»fn» 


And  ATw^m^nofi',  and  ilowi^riK/'.  bdoM 
In  Ar.a.bv,«jjdfliu«houtihB«iiJ     .««""» 

Rirert. 

t  ^S^  ■"•' ^'^•'"  with  tfw  M«iA  late 
In  a-^-;  atretm.  Umt  rolU  to  OM'a  hrfiT- 
And  K«.fr«e'.i  wiUi  Ton^ooi'-ka  clida  ' 
wiicro  n-<v«\nrt  icoun  th«  Awtic  tfcW. 

.   J  iTV  ■""  "•  •'•'  ""^  l*^  ««*»  '•O'd. 
Ai^  Fa  .na  drivca,  amid  tb«  firoMn  amy, 
With  h-di^-ea  and  dark  XaT^MM. 

And  itikMfty  poun  aaatwaid  to  Um  IM. 
LaK  m  Km  Kat  of  cold  Sibaria.  ^ 


! 

I 


I 


II 


4a 


rOKTICAl     OlOOUAl'HT. 


■ITM1  or  mm  lAifiii*  coAtT. 

In  I  .rtary"*  <  In  '<>^.  '"•"»  »>"•  •  •"■'  "**•" 

rrom  (;hiii««  •i».i»<" '"«« *>*•  ^•"•"'  ••^• 

rnim  t;hm^  to  h«f  •>«.  It-^nit  Ki-»Ht 
r«  MM  t*^  hm  •(>•••••  •»>•  «'"»»'■  •^«- 

O'.fTn.li.*  pU,n«.  i;i.u«  .ibl  H»«l»»  i»a. 
To  CUm  »••,  t'«ii-A<w<«-««  »«""U"  »*• 

UVM*   «r   TUB   •OUTHElkK    OOKWI. 
from  I'hlb*!  •  >ulhw.rJ  rotU  tiM  Ir-^iuaif-^, 
(V»f  Imlia'a  ptain*.  •  W.l.  •m*""'-  """y- 
Ami  /lurwiw  o.«'  <«r,  rf 'to.1  hjr  mhim  .S.,n-pr-f, 
rraa  mb** ««»«.  !•*"«  HmJ""-'  u»  ihromh. 


(lo-dfin'ru  Uw,  •ikI  Kritf-iui.  in  hif  nUtlli, 

iMUing  <in  HinJ«»»  *<»">•,  m  •ml«  it>«  'jlv*- 
Ttk«  /m<u«  <-in0l«  Ml  Ik-  A  »••»  *»,  ,  _, 
•Tw«Mi  llmJoo,  Af  gt»«n.  ""I  *•  •"•"*■*"■■• 

Wb'M*  murmurtn*  w«»«i  »h«  Afahw  Uintaw  *•»* 
TU  />.<-«#"  nilngUd  wHh  U>«  »  •»!■••"  k»*"«^ 

AimI  '«'-A«»«  ridU  wl«h  ."*'  A.»«  by  hM  4.K 
|u  TMMrf ,  »»•*«•  ArtI  ofu*  w"!* 

Into  Uw  I'«*>ii  OuU  wi«l>  mu/nww  wiwL 


TOWNS 
8lt}«rla. 


AND   C0UNTK1E8. 

'     Btbwrla. 


Tr*T«tiiHi  In  MtbtriB. 


ind  wow. 

Tobolik'.  upon  llie  To'M,  U  the  place. 
Or  chief  abode  of  Ruwia'*  exiled  moe. 

Ir-kouUk',  on  iho  Anga'-ria  river  seen. 
Chief  town  of  East  8i-h«-ri-n,  I  ween. 

Ki-ftch'-ta  on  Selin'ga'i  bunks  \%  laid, 
Tho  only  spot  Tfhora  Ru8»  and  Chinese  trade. 

Ya-kttUk'  on  /^-fw,  Ok'-holnk  near  tho  Ude. 
Are  by  the  fiir-traflo,  in  one  bond  allied. 
Savon. 
On  Niph'm  *tiih,  Jcd-do  utanda  first  ia  place, 
WiUi  near  two  millions  of  Uie  human  race. 

Me-a'-co  where  J^ri  mnkos  abode,  (da-oo'ree) 
One  hundred  sixty  frcm  tho  Jeddo  road. 

And  Nan-ga-sack'-i  is  the  only  port, 
Where  European  traders  make  resort 

Iiidepondi«nt  Tartary. 

And  Bok'-ha-ra  and  Sam-ar-cand'  abide, 
In  Tartary  along  the  Ao-Am*  tide. 
Ot'-rar  and'Taa'-cant  by  the  ai'-hm  keep. 
By  Ji'-hon't  waters  Balkh  and  Kie'-va  sleep 


Hibt-rU,  or  RuMian  Asli.  Is  notrd  as  Uhfif 
•n  •Imo*  nuUmiMici  ouwiwo  of  lewi,  lm»#n  dwsrt. 
II  aitantU  from  ih«  tftl  MuuiUaiiw  to  lH*  Psellte 

OtMn.  ....  «.  .11 

M^nwi  of  the  ioutti^ni  .Iwlrtrt^  <ir«  ferlU*. 

'l^e  I'mliiivJ  AlUy  Moui.uuiu  yu4«l  gnld.lUm, 
pU(tn«  •ml  preeiiA*  rtoiMW.  ^ 

'ro.oMK.  llvi  ohief  luwti  in  Hibwls,  U  BoM  •■ 
llio  rwliknce  of  ili«tuiKiiWi«l  •tll»* 

Kiirhtn  I*  the  nnly  |>Uto  whe«U>s  LMiwM  su-'W 
the  Itumuni  Ui  trstte. 

Yakuuk  mhI  Okhouk  •«  Dm  rhWf  •mporlunui  rf 

dMftulnd*. 

Japan. 

A  sohU  empire  east  of  Asls  ;  coroprisinR 
the  i.la.«J.  of  Nipbon,  itma,  Ki.iw.i  .."l  'J'""**- 

«li]c>to.l.  "nd  •urt.to  the  b«i»  w^mU  of  .ny  counlrj- 

"  h  to*»lMi  only  country  of  Atis  wliw  ths  r<g/ill  «/ 
iBomm,  »r«  re«p«ctod.  ,i.    k   i- 

Their  Inwi  m  »«ry  •otere;  quartoriDg  ibe  boily. 
Immenion  in  hot  oil, .  rucifyiiig.  Ac,  are  smong  their 
mode*  of  puniihmeol-  „ ,  ... 

Th«  pcrcnl  iulfcr.  for  th*  chiU'a  enniM,  snd  tha 
child  fur  the  namit'i. 

J  «ouo  b  one  of  ibe  mort  populous  riiiee  on  th«  globe. 

Metco  ii  tho  reeUloiice  of  the  Uiwi.  or  •pinlusi 
•mperor.  the  ho»l  of  the  Blnto  Religion. 


Xndependeat  Vartary. 

Noted  for  the  Independent  and  roTlnt;  char- 
acter of  iti  inhaWlente ;  and  for  iU  ha«ng  been  Uie 
iTt  of  rula  for  Ohenghi.  Khan,  TamerUne  and 

°*it'u  bounded  on  three  .idea  by  mountaina  snd 
deaerU ;  and  on  tbr  fourth  l-y  tho  Ca.pmn  aea.  • 

•riio  Taftara  are  wilieft  to  no  forriiin  power,  ana 
are  not  united  undor  any  o.a-  govcmnit.il.  Iliey  "• 
e  p«*)ral>oi'»«-    Their  fiitonte  food  w  AorJ'/*'*- 


r 


Pi 

the  I 
of  il 

ilifiil 

r 

Ken 
T 


I 


Cani 
Noarly 
1 1  wu 
trails  ■ 

In 
Whci 


Yoi 
'TisC 

Maim 
When 

Y«k 

Main 
StTans* 
oaJy  {J 


rtlii 
ih, 


fiuir, 

u 

tUm, 


itrdi  M  Uinc 

1,  finMn  immtX, 
I  IoUm  PadA* 

itrlUa. 

I  CHiMM  tILifr 
r  •mporium*  of 


;  comprUing 

mill  Jlikdk*. 
ii\att\,  Uia  hMt 
of  my  couulry 

n  Um  rigfiU  «f 

orii)g  the  body, 
•reunong  th^ 

erioiM,  Mul  lb« 

iliMonthnglol*. 
Jiaii,  or  ijiiritual 
[ion. 

ury. 

id  rovini?  cliar- 
ti«»inn  been  Ui« 
TuDCiUrM  and 

mminUini  tnd 

irri,?ii  power,  and 
nimnt  Tliey  are 
lod  u  karatjttuh. 


.p  %€^. 


'  "x  r- 


I  . .   ■  #-•«« 


frkin. 

P«'-kin,  the  firit  in  p«ijulntion,  itanda 
Now  the  grcU  Willi  that  gunrdi.  tho  Chinc-^e  Innd. 
Nan-ki...  known  forh.r  (ow.r.  from  I\,kin  .oulh. 
Two  hundred  fi.rtjr  frum  A'i-an'H-u'»  month 


Cnlon  i.nnTT/''  '*'  *'"'  •""""•"""  "own  of  Ch,n,.. 

•;  - --U.  ,.u , ..  .,„  o:.';"io7.'rcv^;T;;;7n::;i'.r.";;. 

In  commirro,  fir.t,  Canton,  on  Canhn  Jiirn, 
WTier«  E'jrf.y  .ana  sail,  their  tea*  to  gnther. 

**!»•■€  TarCary. 

.T  w^''™'"*  ''^  ^'^*""^  ^•■»*^  find*  »  home : 
'Tm  Ou.t*«i  Aaia'e  chief  emporium. 

Maim-nt'-rhfa  makes  the  mountain  pass  her  bed. 
Whero,  with  Kl  ach'-t«  China  holds  a  trade. 
Y«kur/1  b  the  emporium  for  central  Ada. 

««7  I  *ce  at  wtjkh  Uie  fiDMuni  are  allowed  to  trade. 


OlUaM*  Bmpir*. 


Noted  f«r  iu  gftal  aritiquiiy,  and  for  b«li 

/he  rulvr  of  lhl«  Ininwim  iimm  of  l-in-,  i.  .„ 

'"•I"..*.  *.  .U  M,,.nh.«r.c.,b,w|u"  tCawi 
cunqiHTi'tllii  Ifl^l,  '     "«"i»-nin«  wae 

Ohtaa 

Tl.o  bsaia  01  itie  Chlneao  Knipire  •  n„i-d 
fonU.  j...,„u,  ch«r,.  ,.r  of  iu  mh,l..,T.  "  '."'?,, 

Il.e  .;h...»H.,  .,„,  U  ,.,dr  criLi..,.  of^ti-n,,,.!!  ;"'" 
I  he  |.rMM.,Mil  f.*M|  „f  ,|,„  „„|„„  Ih  ,|co.th..u„|, 

rat.,  p..p,M«,  ...ir.-,  4....  are  .omm..,,  dM,.,.  " 

III*  army  amount.   i,>  H(MI,(MIO  hk-ii.  hut   thrir 

Wninir  •  hiKl.ly  ,,rf,.d  in  China, and  i.  tir  w.lv 
requwitc  ^uiilifiruiion  for  ot!l.  »•.  • 

f.fhrgil"  '*  "■'•■''""""■«"  "»P«Ml«U'  lower,  m 


The  Oretl  Chi-'ela  Wyi||, 

ClUiMae  Tartarjr, 

tl«  Himmaleh  Kuenlin  and  Celerti.l  MounUir^.  I. 
i»  a  coM  county,  nihaUted  by  •  pattoral  neoni.  «r 
whom  but  little  I.  known.  "^        '^^''  " 


I ■ 


50 


POETICAL    OBOGRAPHY. 


TtaltMst. 


Worthip  of  lh«  (iraml  Lair.ii. 
T»i«  wi»«hiD  of  lh«  Onnil  Uma  (•oiulilutet  thr  rcliKion  of  ■  gr««l 
«nTi-nn^Cemr«l  A»ii  H.  it  ron.i.lered  l.y  hit  worih.ppfrt  ili« 
IIJ  ?«U«  F.ihfr  oM  rtve...  They  h.li.ve  U...  whm  I..  Ji-  hi» 
S3  p""«  mm  "e  borty  of  .«m.  clul.l.  who  i.  «.ugM  «rtfr  by  .h, 
prittt,  nnd  inim«d,»tely  .x«lled  \o  «hc  throne. 

La»'-8»,  in  Thibet  makes  her  proud  abode, 
Where  the  Grand  Lama  sits,  a  Imman  god. 

Turkey.— Syria  and  Palestine. 

A-lep'-po  by  as  earthcjuake  torn  of  lat«, 
Is  first  in  rule  o'e'r  little  and  o'er  great. 

On  Phcrpkar's  tide,  Damascus  makes  her  throne. 
For  silks  call'd  dunuuk,  and  for  sword  blades  known, 

Jerusalem  reigns  just  thirty  miles  from  sea, 

Jaf '-fa,  her  port,  northwest,  is  known  to  be. 
Southwest  of  all,  Ga-za  is  on  the  coast. 
For  caravans  it  is  a  resting  post. 

Acre,  from  Jaflfa  north,  her  fortress  rears ; 

On  Leb'-a-non,  one  Diar-el  Kai-mer  peers  ; 

Bal'-Bec  is  by  the  feet  of  Leb-a-non; 

Pal-my-ra  in  tlic  deteH  liv«'s  alone. 

Both  these  are  known  fur  relics  of  the  past, 
"Where  ruins  rise  on  every  ."iJ*  ^s^mi. 

Asia  Minor 

Smyrna  is  seated  where  Le-vant'  is  found, 

As  south  the  Black  Sea  dwells  fair  Treb-i-zond'. 

Bru'-sa,  near  by  the  sea  ihiit's  called  Mir-mo'-ra, 
Was  once  the  capital  of  Turkish  glory. 

An-go-ra  in  the  interior  is  built. 
And  famous  for  a  goat  wi'.li  haii-  like  silk. 

Mesopotamia  and  Armenia. 

Bas-so-ra  is  a  place  of  wealth  and  trade, 
Ott  ShuH-el  A'-rah  is  her  station  made. 

Bagdad,  that  Uves  upon  ihe  Tigris  shore, 
Was  once  the  sert  of  Calif  rule  and  power 


TUlMt 

Noted  for  being  the  mort  elevated  country 
ON  the  iIoIm,  tnd  fiir  th*  wonUpoT  ttMOnnd  LuitS. 

It  ii  mtuttMl  on  the  Ubie  lamk  of  Ihe  HimmaMi 
Mountaim,  w  tieviled  th«t  the  cold,  in  the  winter 
■eaMni.  i«  intcnwi.  The  Ay  et  all  Mtiom  appeen  m 
blfu-k  Bi  ink.  'n»  itan  ihine  with  Ihe  efliitgence  of 
■una ;  there  U  no  twilight  the!  preceaee  the  ri^M,  or 
■ucccedi  Ihe  iwtling  of  lun  or  moon ;  and  were  mere' 
not  mounUin  peaki  of  a  etiW  higher  eleration,  to 
fotetrll^e  ojwwng  or  cloaing  of  iin,  it  would  be 
one  iiudden  change  from  dariuMV  to  Hghl,  and  fron 
light  to  darkneta. 


Turkey  In  Aala. 

Noted  for  iu  fine  climate  and  fertile  soil, 
and  aa  having  been  Ihe  acat  of  moat  of  Ihe  ewita 
narrated  in  BilOe  Hiflo>7,  and  the  theater  of  more 
changea  than  any  other  pari  of  the  globj 

It  compri««  Syria,  Falaaline,  A*  Minot,  Meao- 
potami«  and  Armenia. 

Syria  and  Paleetiiw. 

Stiiu.— Notea  for  Its  importance  in  former 
timea,  when  Tyic,  Damaacua,  Aniiodi,  Balliec  and 
Palmyra,  were  in  their  gtory,  ..    .„„ 

U  waa  conqueiwl  liy  Ita  Pacha  of  Egypt  In  183a; 
but  reetoied  V  ^  intctfciwjca  of  the  Euiapean 
I  powera  in  1840. 

PALisTii«.--Noted  H  the  Holy  Land,  the 
inheritance  of  the  faartHM,  and  aa  the  Ihartw  where 
the  moat  importMit  erante  ha««  occumd  that  the 
worid  baa  aver  wilneand. 

AaU  inner. 

The  peninsula  between  the  Mediterranean 
andBhdiieaA  Noted  for  ite  defightfiil  chmate,  and 
I  aa  having  been  Ihe  aeat  of  the  kingdoma  of  Lydia 
and  Troy.  * 

%  Mesopotamia  and  Armenia. 

MESoroTAMiA  was  once  the  seat  of  the 
mighty  Babylon ;  of  ParaJi«e ;  of  the  1  ower  of 
Babel;  of  the  kingdom  of  Nimrod,  Cyrui,  Danua, 
Alexander,  &c. 

Aemeria,  norUi  of  Mesopotamia,  Is  noted 
•a  the  place  where  the  Ark  w*t«l  alter  Ihe  flood. 

Towns  of  Turkey  In  Asln. 

Atif  ro,  the  capilal,  <mrc  a  flouriAing  diy,  waa 
iaitroyedby  anoarthqunkcin  1828. 

DamaKiM  is  noted  far  sword  bUdea,  and  a  ailk 

(called diMmaxA.  ..     .    .^    •  .   •».     i.a-.  i. 

JeruNlem  ia  thirty  milea  m  the  mtenor.    Jafla  » 


i     ^SljaU  a  rertin«pl««»  for  caravan*,  before  croadng 
1  dM  deeart  to  Egypt  and  Arabia. 


ill 
If 


T 
S 
A 


H 
Ir 

N 


ed  eonatry 
SnndLuna. 
wHimnMleh 
n  tha  winter 
MMpttnt 
gflufgtnceof 
thariiiM.or 
nd  wtrauitN' 
eleration,  to 
,  it  would  Iw 
(hi,  tndfron 


fertile  soil, 
of  the  events 
Mter  of  more 

Minor,  Meao- 


ce  in  fonner 
I,  Bslbec  and 

HyptlnlSSa; 
Ibe  Eiuntwan 

<]y  Lud,  the 
I  theater  where 
imd  that  the 


Mediterranean 
hA  climate,  end 
of  L;dia 


seat  of  the 
the  Tower  of 
Cyrus,  Darius, 

mia,  ia  noted 
n  the  flood. 


iihing  city,  was 
ades,  and  a  silk 
iterior.  Js(!a  is 
■,  before  croaiiiig 


ASIA 


Mo-sul'  likewise  drinks  from  the  Tiffm  flood, 
For  vumiini  known,  where  Nineveh  once  stood. 

Hil-lah,  beside  Eupkraitt  makes  her  throne, 
Built  on  the  site  of  mighty  Babylon. 

Ar-me-nia's  capital  is  Er-«e-roum'; 

Van  on  Lak«  Van,  a  fortress  of  renown. 

Arabia. 

Mec'-ca,  where  old  Mahomet  took  his  birth ; 
With  fair  Me-di'-na  where  he  veils  his  earth. 
Yem'-bo,  Medina's  port,  is  by  the  sea ; 
Jid'-d»  ^  Mecca's  port,  all  will  agree. 


Mocha. 


Moehs,  Ihoiin'i  in  wm'wkai  of  a  drcayed  itaia.  li  r.II  ih«  _ 
tini'oriMnt  poti  iif  AmlMii  on  ihf  Rfd  Sea.    It  i«  noted  for  its  aiatl 
lent  rolTee,  which  is  carried  to  moil  parti  of  the  world. 

Mo'-cha,  chief  seaport  town  of  Ar'-a-by, 
Whose  coffee 's -drank  on  every  shore  and  sea ; 

Mus'-cat,  a  seaport  town,  well  fortified. 
The  Sacerdotal  prince,  or  Imam's  pride. 
Soatheaat  it  stands  where  the  Persian  Gulf  unfurls, 
And  mucli  renowned  for  trade  in  shells  and  pearls. 

Persia. 

Te-he'-ran,  where  the  El'-burg  peaks  arise, 
Heaves  up  her  warlike  forehead  to  the  skies. 

And  Is-pa-han',  once  capital,  is  lain, 
In  the  interior,  on  a  fertile  plain. 

Shi-rai',  famed  for  her  wine  and  Persian  loK, 
Near  where  Per-sep'-o-lis  in  ruins  lower. 


61 

Acre  is  noted  for  its  strong  fortress. 

Bilbec  at  the  foot  of  liebanon,  and  Palmyra,  in  the 
dciert  eaat  of  Balbec,  are  noted  for  their  remarluble 
ruin*. 

BaswMra,  on  Shut'  el  Arab,  is  a  place  of  great  wealth 
and  importance. 

BagtIaJ  was  the  teat  of  the  caliphs. 

Mosul,  on  the  'I'igris,  near  the  ruins  of  ancient 
Auieveh,  is  noted  fur  inoslius. 

Hiiinb,  on  the  Euphrates,  is  supposed  to  be  near 
the  aile  of  ancient  Babylon. 

ErMroum  i«  the  capitil  of  Armenia. 

Van,  on  Lake  Van,  has  a  eti  ong  fortras*. 

Arabia. 

The  birthplace  of  Mahomet.  It  lies  between 
the  Red  8ea  and  Persian  Oulf.  Noted  for  the  un- 
chMii;ing  character  of  iu  inhabiunta;  for  ito  great 
antiquity  ;  for  its  burning  sandy  deserto;  ito  superior 
coflke,  and  as  being  the  center  of  the  Mahommedan 
Religion. 

ft  is  divitled  into  Arabia  Petraa,  or  stony  Aralija, 
in  the  northwestern  part ;  Arabia  Deserto,  or  Desert 
Arabia,  in  the  interior ;  and  Arabia  Felii,  or  Happy 
Arabia,  in  the  foutbem  part ' 

The  Kedouins,  [bed-oo-weens1  or  the  wandering 
Arabs  that  inhabit  the  desert,  suiwist  chiefly  by  rob. 
bery  and  plunder. 

Mfcci,  the  birthplace  of  Mahomet,  is  regarded  as 
the  capital. 

Medina  is  important  aa  the  place  of  his  tomb. 
•    Muscat,  the  capital  of  Oman,  and  governed  by  tha 
Imam,  or  aacerJotal  prince,  ia  the  entrepot  for  tha 
merchandiae  of  the  Persian  Oulf,  on  which  it  is  si^ 
uated.    It  is  noted  for  ito  extensive  trade  in  pearls. 

Moore's  inimiuble  song  of  Araby's  Daughier,  has, 
among  ito  other  nierito,  the  glow  o(  oriental  aceneiy. 

Farewell— fhrawall  to  thee,  Arabt's  daufrliier! 

(Hiui  warbled  a  Pni  beneath  the  dirk  tea:) 
No  pearl  ever  lay,  under  OwAN't  grfcn  water. 

Mora  pure  in  its  shell,  thau  thy  •piril  in  thee. 

But  long  upon  Ababt>(  men  sunny  hifhlands, 
Ittall  maids  and  their  lover*  rememlwr  tha  doom 

°\.'l?',l''"*'  '."*.  •l««P'n«  amoiif  the  Pearl  Islands, 
With  noufbt  but  the  *ea  star  to  light  up  h«r  tomb. 

We'll  div*  where  the  garden*  of  eeral  li*  darkling, 
And  plant  all  the  rodest  sismi  at  thy  head ; 

We'll  »eek  where  the  (audiofthe  Caspian  are  tparkliac. 
And  gather  their  gold  to  mrew  over  thy  bed. 

Persia. 

Noted  for  its  great  antiquity  and  importance 
in  early  time*. 

A  large  portion  is  barren,  mountainous  snd  desti- 
tute of  running  streams.  It  is  tha  most  fertile  on 
the  bordera  of  the  Canpinn  sea. 

The  Persians  are  the  most  learned  of  the  Asbtio 
nations. 

Tbey  laanu&ftura  the  moat  beautiful  eaipel%  aiik 
ahawia,  porcelain,  dec.,  in  the  world. 


i.T...iff.ia^.i..^-.».i..,v.j-,^i.A.>.j.,._— .^...-  ... 


53 


POETICAL    GEOGRAPHY. 


=m 


Bu-shirc'.  chief  seaport  on  the  Ptraian  Ou^f; 

Or-mua,  Itnown  once  for  comuferce  and  for  wealth. 

Gam-broon'  and  Min-ab,  near  to.  Ormus  keep, 
On  the  same  shore,  bcuidc  the  coral  deep. 

Yesd,  where  the  Gkt'-ber  finds  a  last  repoM, 
South  of  the  desert  blouins,  as  blooms  the  rose. 

Bul-ta'-nia,  found  on  I'-riick's  northern  beat, 
The  king's  resort  in  sumnoL-r  from  the  heat. 

Still  farther  north,  in  A-dcr-bi'-jim  peers 
Tu-brecz',  a  splendid  town  in  former  years. 

Gour-gaun',  a  fortress  by  the  Tartar  line, 
On  Peraiun  shores  east  from  the  Caspian  brine. 

AlKtaanlHtan. 

Cabul,  on  Ka'-ma  tide,  the  Af-glmns  greet, 
Abore  the  sea  it  stands  six  thousnud  feet. 

O'er  Ca'-bul's  kingdom  once  Pesh-awer'  reigned 
The  first  in  rule,  e'er  Cabul  was  enchained. 

And  Can-da-har'  is  by  the  dark  Hel'-mund, 
^  The  central  pomt  where  Door-au-nees'  abound. 
Northwest  of  all.  He -rat',  with  Persia  trades. 
Where  Bim'-doo  Kooah'  unibld  their  giant  shades. 

Belooclitotan. 

Ke-lat'  by  Mu'-kid  River,  finds  a  seat, 
On  Mountains  o'er  the  sea  eight  thousand  feet. 

Hlndoofltan. 


Caleulta. 


I     (Mntta,  en  ll-  Hoogly.  ■»  «n»i  o!  ihe  0«iit«i,  one  h«m^«*  nuJo 

'  ftma  IB«  •em.  ii  on«  of  tli«  mat*  imporivnt  eitict^r  Hmdootwil. 

Thil  p»rt  of  iho  eity  when  Ihe  Europe«n»  rotiUo  n  nMpiiBeenily 

bailL    IK  cammitHt  U  very  cxionwTe ;  umI  iIm  popalMoo  U  mu- 

^■aMd«aasjM)0. 

OalcnUa,  Hindoo's  proud  emponuin,  smilea 
Ob  Oangn,  from  its  mouth  one  hundred  miles. 
On  the  same  tide  Bcn-a'-res  has  a  share. 
Four  sixty,  northwest  of  Calcutta's  lair.     (460) 


The  inhsMtanU  arc  well  farmetl,  aiiJ  IiImUm  Dutch, 
an  great  uniukcra. 

Tehtran,  alrongly  fortifwl,  U  at  the  foot  of  Uw 
Elberg  Mountains. 

InMban,  once  the  capit&l,  ia  on  a  fertile  plaiu  ui 
the  Inlerior.  ..,,,. 

Bhfaai,  the  Stat  of  litentura,  and  noted  for  deUdoat 
winei,  if  near  tlie  raini  of  ancient  Pcraipolia. 

YcJz,  near  the  center  of  Periia,  ia  the  reawt  of 
the  p«nKK:ul«d  Gltebera,  or  fire  warahippera. 

Sultania,  in  the  province  of  Irack,  u  the  tUBimtr 
reaort  of  the  sovereigna. 

Tabrecx  waa  once  a  city  of  hnporUnce. 

Gourgaun,  east  of  the  Caipian,  and  iiear  the  lino 
of  Independent  TarUry,  ia  ■  itrong  fortreai. 

Aiighanletan. 

The  coimtry  which  lies  betweetf^ersia  and 
Hindooitan. 

Ti/A*  A%hana  are  •  bold  and  warlike  race ;  hoqiita^ 
bio  to  itrangera,  and  even  to  their  moat  bitter  enemies. 

Cabul.  on  Kama  River,  b  elerated  6,000  fisat 
among  the  Hindoo  Kooah  Mountains. 

Peabawer  was  onco  the  capital  of  CabuL 

Camlahar,  on  Helmund  Riv«r,  is  the  principal 
tflwn  of  the  Doorauneea. 

Herat,  in  the  northwestern  pit  of  AUtanistaa,  is 
the  seat  of  trade  between  Penda  and  India. 

Beloooblstan. 

The  country  lyinv  south  of  Af|^anfstan. 
It  is  hihabited  by  a  number  of  indepondant  tribes  of 
whom  the  Boluochees  are  the  Mrindpal.  Like  the 
Bedouin  Araba,  they  are  a  ndxton  of  hoaiiitaUtjr 
and  ferocity ;  generous  and  liberal  when  hallad  in 
Ihoir  tenta,  but  blood-thirsty  and  dandesline  on  As 
field. 

Kelat,  by  MaaUd  Kiver,  is  among  «h«  noiBlaiDa, 
8,000  feet  abora  Ihe  level  of  the  sao. 

tUndoostan. 

A  large  peninsula  in  the  southern  psrt  of 
Asia.  Noted  for  its  great  fcrtiHtr,  its  peculiar 
leUgion,  the  supersUtious  chaiaelei  of  its  irhiMtsiHi, 
and  tor  itt  great  autiquity. 

The  Hindoo  has  the  skin  of  tho  Negro,  with  the 
fcatuies  of  the  European.  Thoy  aieextrandlyMpef- 
stitious  ;  servile  to  auperioia,  cnid  to  thtir  wamm  and 
infeiion,  and  destitute  of  monl  honorty. 

Their  food  is  prindpaU/ rice,  which  is  nind  fo  a 

gieat  extent. 
The  cotton  mannfectuns  of  lUa  oooniiy  iMneioBi 

besnoal^ted. 

Baoaras  MO  mika  noiOnreat  of  Cakmis,  on  lbs 
aamo  liw,  is  ens  of  the  most  ponilaas  ediiaaf  !•• 
&,  and  noted  as  the  seait  of  leuidng,  and  as  a  ascsed 
dty;  thoiMUidta  oom^  ft«m  fariPHs  paita  of  Asia 
tosndth'ir  days  widiin  its  environs,  ngaidiaf  it  ss 
Ihe  sura  gsis  to  pnfisa.  It  is  a  gisst  asut  fir 
dJitnonda. 


■i^g^ 


-tttH 


...  ,., 


I 


M  Dutch, 

It  of  Uie 

plaiu  ui 

dbttdoua 
m. 
rewrt  of 

niamtr 
r  the  lino 


triift  tnd 

;hoipit»- 
renenuM. 
1,000  fert 


principal 
ia 


itnfiUii. 
ttribMtof 

LOm  the 
homitalitjr 

*— ■-■  in 


w  on  tta 


a  put  of 
I  pecoliar 

>,wilhfha 
tMJI^iapa- 
ranMnaBd 

lind  tot 


itta,onlh« 
■HMorb* 


Mai 

la  of  Alia 

t&Vit  aa 

t  BHIit  fW 


ASIA. 

Of  gems  and  diamond*  read  her  atory  o'er. 
Of  pilgrims  dying,  and  of  Bnunin  lore. 

Pat'-na  is  on  the  Oangt$,  none  can  beat  ter, 
,  Or  match  her  for  her  qpitim  and  $al^ptlr«. 

Del'-hi,  once  capital  of  Hindoo  rule, 
On  Jimma  branch,  igitnown  to  every  school. 

Oaah-mere',  whose  shawls  are  of  the  Thibot  goat. 
Stands  north  of  all,  a  city  of  much  note. 
La-hore'  from  Cashmere  south,  0%  Pun-jab  shrouds 
With  Am-tit-sir',  beneath  her  sunny  clouds,  (seer) 

Su-rat',  Qom-bay',  Go -a,  and  Man-galore, 
Are  found  upon  Hindoostan's  weiUm  than. 
While  south  and  east,  Ma-dras'and  P6n-'di-cher'-ry 
Along  the  Cor-o-man'-dd  coaM  may  tarry. 

Nagpoor'  in  the  inUrior  writes  her  name. 
Where  Hy-dra-bnd'  'mid  sparkling  diamonds  flame. 

Farther  India. 

As  iMra-mut-da  rolls  her  billows  south, 
'A'ya  is  found  fire  hundred  up  her  mouth. 
As  Um-me-ra-po(v'-ra  ncath  of  this  is  seen, 
Pe-gn'  is  on  the  IMia  of  the  stream. 
Sontih  of  Pe-gu',  i|here  trade  and  commerce  bloom, 
On  the  tamt  ikb,  behold  the  fair  Ran-goon', 

Ban  -kok  is  o'er^am  a  town  of  note, 
On  bamboo  rafts  o|p  half  the  houses  float 

Oam-bo'-dia's  capital  is  called  Sai-gon'; 
Beside  Cam^ia>  month  die  takes  her  throne. 

Hue,  o'er  Co'-ohin  Chin^  next  is  seen,  (oo-a') 
Weil  fortified,  and  near  the  Gtdf  ToK-guim'. 

On  the  penmsula's  southern  coast  or  shor6, 
Malaeoa reigns,  with  oae  called  Sin-ga.--     ' 

.l!?*'^^"*P!*^  •  iMiHofT  or  abodt  W»,000  aqiiare 
■^  "H  *"  •  population  of  W.MO.OOO.  ^ 

Tlio  alephant  hm  attuina  bii  yreatMt  aiae,  and  it  foaod  in 
laito  nwi^.    Tfca  whtto  al#ph(int  ia  iiighhr  valuad,  and  in 


53 


Patna  la  noted  tot  ita  aaltpatre  and  opium. 

Cashmere  b  isotad  tor  ita  i^wla. 

Hjrdrabad,  or  Goleonda,  ia  nolad  for  diaroonda. 

Farther  ZndlA. 


Tho* 
■141*. 


-J  and  Hnaeh  ia  an  obieiU  of  nlkioaa  wonW 

Tte  Siaaieaaaradaaenliedaadeatitata  of  oimraM  and  moral 
honMt|;:  and  at  bainn  bay  and  ali^fiih  in  thoir  hobita. 
arepufiad  up  with  a  natiaaal  piida,  and  ooaiidarita 
graoa  to  be  fit  tho  oraplogr  of  an  Evropaaa. 

The  fovcnimenta  of  all  thcae  alatea  are  abaohite  flngnlkmi 
Thelhianeandpakaonorihe  aoveiaim  ia  anoraadiad^ith  the 
profoondaat  awe  bgr  tba  noUea  and  afficera  of  alala,  iriio  pfao> 
trato  themKhwa  befim  him,  with  their  foeaa  to  the  earth. 

FemaiaB  an  na«  reitoicled  hen  to  the  rigid  enatoraa  of  moat 
Ariatie  eounlriaa.  Thete  teaa  are  not  veilad,  or  their  oompanT 
aidndad  fioa  the  other  aax.  '^  ' 


A  large  peninaula  south  of  Thibet.  Noted 
Mr  ita  lante,  numerooi,  and  majeatie  riveia,  and  for 
ireat  fertiUtjr. 

It  compruea  the  Envire  of  Birmah  and  A«am; 
the  Icingdom  of  biom  and  the  Briliah  pnaaiiaaiiaia 

Ma,  the  capital  of  Btaniah,  ia  no  the  Irrawadda. 

Pegu  i*  on  the  Deha  of  the  Irrawadda. 

Bahkok  ia  the  capital  of  8iam.  It  k  noted  for 
ita  floating  houaea,  built  on  bamboo  rafta.: 

Uci,  capital  of  Cochin  China,  ia  a  fortiflad  town 
near  the  Oulf  of  Tonquin. 

Vale  of  Okahmer*. 

Casbnore  is  a  beautiful  ViUe  of  the  Him- 
match  Mountaina,  in  die  northern  part  of  lUndeo- 
•tan.  It  ia  elevated  8,000  foet  abore  the  lercl  of  tlM 
aoa;  and  ei^a  b  dimate  uueqoalad  ia  miUiiaia,  aafo 
by  the  "  Evergreen  Quito,"  which  it  naaaiblea.  It 
waa  not  long  ilnce  in  the  pnaaaailaB  of  the  Afohaaa; 
from  wboae  rule  it  paaaed  to  that  of  Runjeel  iSng. 

The  beautiee  of  the  Vale  of  Oanhmani  an  pcv> 

Who  hai  not  haanl  of  Um  Vela  of  OMAmn, 
W  iih  lit  rotaa,  Um  brlfhlaat  that  «uU  ever  gaTa, 

lu  irinplai  and  iroiloat,  umI  Ibuniaina  aa  clear 
A*  tha  loTa-lighlad  eyaa  thai  hang  over  ibair  wave  T 

Oh  I  10  aaa  II  at  aaaaai,— whan  wana  o<er  Ike  Lake 

Ila  q>l<ndor  at  partieg  a  aaonnar  eva  Ikmwa, 
Like  a  brid*  full  of  bMahaa,  whan  linnriag  lo  take 

A  laai  look  ai  bar  mirror  at  eight  era  aha  goaa  !— 
Whan  iha  abrinaa  through  tha  Ibuaga  an  graanUag  half 

ihown. 
Aad  each  hailowa  the  bawr  hj  aoma  niaa  of  lie  own. 
Una  Iha  inHie  of  pray>r  Aen  a  miaaNl  awella, 

Here  the  nagwa  bta  um  Ihll  of  perteaat  la  twmiim, 
Aadh«ra.aiUNalnr,awnaoraweatbMa      ^^^ 

Reeadlhewaiatef --.---"^ 


The  liglR  «ar  itt  palBw%  gaadeaa  aad  ahiinaei 
Wteiuhe,waMrhate^aMinSeaqete^^ 


aiar% 


yiMgH^y^la 


JwthomMrtheiaa. 
HapirttlitlMd^r, 


OratiM(B,«hamtha 

pi*k  capaiaa,  *Nui£5^ 
Outor<larkiwn,uam\ 
Wb«itba  Spirit  of  »- 
framhh  ~ 

And  Uie , 

Th»  youngMpw  tt*n,  Uil  thw  ( 

*^.  'if  *!l?if  ?•«  "J"  U^t  of  fcat  hopaak 
ABU  Hay,  wttk  Ita     ~ —     — "* — ■ — ^  ••• 

Sklnaa  ia  tinoath  tL. 
SublhMkMmtbat 


1  tha  Mrit  of  inanwaa  b  ap  irttli  tha  itf, 
hlB  IhNin  of  nlKM  Sevan  i<wI1b|  awwt 
tewiaa,  <«iU  ofwv  t,mmm,  wnOlia  ahn 
oung  aapw  tttet,  Ull  thw  tRaU*  aU  erw. 
'  MwanaMthaU^teftnthoi 
ta  haoMC  of  eadiaMa  aateri? 


Indigrka,     b»-di-g»f- 
Balkh,         Balk 
Araby  ytr'.o.ie 

Caucaaaua,  C 


PROHUHOUnOV. 
Thibet 
Pharphar, 


^     . Far'-flr 

Chen  Yank,  Men- raw 
Bakou,         Sihkoo 


Ill Ill 


i««MMa<a 


AFRICA. 


Sm,  *  town  of  Egypt,  on  Iko  •ootherii  p«rl  of  the  UtUmut,  >i  the  hea.\  of  the  n»<l  »«,  •ijd  wrtoundBd  br  •^••rt.  1*  '■»• 
poTuSt  M  •MWMiwM  betwwn  E^pt  »od  *r«bi«  i  alio  for  lying  on  li.e  route  of  the  Briuoli  overland-mall,  to  Bombay. 

Africa  is  noted  for  the  dark-«omplexion  and  degraded  conditioner  itii  inhabitants ; 
for  its  burning  climate ;  its  vast  deserts,  and  ittt  unknown  and  uifbxplored  interior. 


Capet. 

Gudr-ffaf -ui  Cape  and  Or/'-ui,  part  the  tidw  j  [orf-we 
With  ButiHtin  and  Cc^  Biv-ta,  \*nieK  [Bcil-oo-vrin. 

Then  Cytt  Dtlgofdo,  eart  of  Mo-zam.l>ique'; 

Of  Co-ru€ntu'  bt  Mon-o-ma-ta'-p»  speak. 

Cape  Am4iro'»  north  of  MadignK-ar  Isle, 

Wnile  to  the  aoulh,  8t.  Mary  lives  the  twiiile. 

And  Muth  of  all.  Good  Hiipt  nods  o'er  the  brine, 
In  thirtr-flre  degrees  beknr  the  Unt. 

Si-«r-ra  Fri'-o  and  the  Nartkvotst  Point, 
Ara  of  Cim.be'.bMS  as  you'M  twell  acquaint . 
Cmte  l*'-do,  oT  Angola  Ms,'and  then 
CmiI  Cntk  and  Thrte  PmnU,  of  Ouinem  scan. 
Pal4iuu  and  ik$.u^-do  west  of  these, 
In  fiiir  Liberia,  smile  above  the  seas. 

Cme  Ytifdt,  ot  Ownbia ;  while  Sa-ha-rtfi  short 
Hm  mM'<o,Bm'JtB»,  and  Cmtt  Ba4a-dore. 

CMC  Jbor'f^t  »«r  the  IMratta,  and  Im*  m  smg, 
Aad  Dortii  oT  an,  near  Tio^  throned  is  Am. 


raomntounos. 
OMRhftii,      Qar-dif^wu  I  Orfui, 


Orf'-wee 


Tmt 


Rivert. 

The  Medilcnranean  •?•  tlto  river  Kile, 
Whose  waves  o'er  Ni;'-bU  and  Egypt  smile; 

The  Sen-e-f(at,  the  Gam-bi-a  anu  the  Grande, 
Boil  up  from  Senegambia's  bumiog  wnd. 

As  Me».ur^-do  bids  Liberia  tbrife, 
In  Guinea,  Lu'ifot  and  For^mo'-ia  live ; 

And  tliiter  here  Otom  Otiinea  rolls  her  tUci, 
And  with  GaJioon',  in  the  Gulf  of  Uuinet  gUdei^ 

'Tween  Congo  and  1<»«b'-«o,  Congo  fwella 
From  Ethiopia's  scorched  and  tinknowu  fletda. 

Co-on'-xtt'i  waves  north  of  B«»<M'.i«  covne, 
As  on  her  southern  limita  roars  the  tkiWH. 

The  Orange,  horn  South  /   'n  we  lra<^; 
While  fai  Cape  Coknj  boils  tip  the  Zmk. 

Southwud,  the  Om^-rit*  turns,  bobbfing  fimver; 
AseaMwwdof  theC«petaC!rM«KaJtaw. 

ZanubtM!  southeastward  drives  fnm  Uo^KoMititt, 
And  bids  her  breakers  the  bfoed  Chanael'iMk. 

Daik  Jtfii-nMw'-n*  sieepe  ia  Zaa'<gn»bar, 
Where  fitrther  north  OW  pravidaa  a  lair} 

And  last  of  alL  from  AbvaMtf  a  akoia^ 
In  Babel-Mau'-del  Stitti,  Sub  &4ia  mn. 


mm 


•vtfmm'mimm^im 


eacrt,  li  i«* 
Dmbajr- 

bitants ; 
interior. 


«fe, 


I. 

■ 


»*i(S»ff 


AFRICA 


55 


TOWNS   AND   COUNTRIES. 


Th«  Barbary  Sutea  ineloda  Morocco,  Alfriwa,  TuhIj,  Tripoli  and  Barca  ;  or  that  Anion  of  Africa 
north  of  Um  |r«at  dMert  of  IMian,  and  i«w«i  of  Egypt  It  ii  dMnfuiahMi  l.«  Uio  nunlwr  of  iu  noiiow  wiiinaki 
••  lh»  Moipiofi,  terfiMila  of  •  dMdIy  venom,  Um  hyena,  tlw  Nmnidian  Uon,  and  the  dMinictive  loruat. 

AnJM  iSaB^rtl^  '****'  '""  °""*  "'•"""•'J'  •'«"*^  *■  «""«*•••    '''''•  P**"'  tohaWtanl.  an  Moon,  Jewa, 

Moroooo. 

In  the  northweatern  part  of  Africa  The 
Mauritania  of  Um  aAdmto ;  unbraciiig  Moroooa  Fw, 
and  'I'anfilet  « 

The  Kovernmrat  ia  an  abaoluta*  daqwtinn.  Agii- 
cultui«  ia  neglected,  and  the  only  OMnufiMtura  ia 
morocco  leather,  made  of  goat  akina. 

Moaoccot  Um  capital,  ia  on  a  fertile  jilain,  tralve 
inilea  fiom  Mount  Atiaa. 

Tangior  U  noted  aa  Um  rtaidenca  of  moat  of  the 
Kuropean  Conaula. 

▲Idera 

The  ancient  Numidia ;  aituated  eaat  of 
Morocco.  It  ia  the  moat  fertile  and  hralthy  of  Um 
BartMiy  Btetea.    Noted  lb*  Um  coral  fiaberjr  on  ite 


Morocco,  near  Mount  Atlas,  holds  her  reign ; 
Unfolded  on  a  smooth  and  fertife  plain. 

Fez,  far  her  learning,  onoe  oould  boast  with  pride ; 

Southwest  from  Fei,  is  Me'-qui-nez  espied. 

The  largest  ports,  Ba-bat'  and  Mogadore', 
An  found  along  Morocco's  western  shore  ; 

Where  European  consuls  take  theii'  fare, 
Olose  by  Gibraltar  Straits,  ia  found  Tan-gier' ; 

Known  for  her  pirates  once,  behold  Sal-lee  I 
That  keeps  her  station  by  the  roaring  sea. 

Algiers. 

Oran  and  Bona  in  Algiers  arise  ;  ° 

The  last,  for  coral  fisheries,  we  priso. 

There  Con-stan-ti'-na  smiles  in  antique  mood. 
And  old  Algiers  boasts  of  her  pirate  Mood. 

.  Tunis. 

Tunis  southwest  the  Carthagenian  throse, 
Ih  Tunis  reigns  superior  andvlone. 

Kair-wan',  from  Tunis  south,  famed  for  her  mo«q«e, 
Finds  an  abode  up<m  the  Barbary  coast 

THiNrtl.  , 

And  Trip'-o-li,  in  Tripoli  we  scan; 
Where  from  the  interim  comes  the  oarayan. 


On  Baiea's  nortbwn  shore,  is  seated  Deme ; 
Py-re'-na's  tombs  with  woider  fliere  w«  leam. 


An^ijp.Dar-foor;,  Cob-be'  aa  moaarch  reigns. 
Where  lauj^  Tam-bul',  abore  her  fertile  pluns. 


With  Oerma,  o'er  Ffluaa'  Mtwr-souk'^may  shroud, 
Monnoak  is  compassed  ronmd  by  walls  ci  nnd. 


It  wa/f  invaded  and  conquered  in  1830,  hy  Franca, 
and  ia  now  a  part  of  the  French  dominiona. 
ALoiaaa,  once  called  lh<-  Pirate  Ne>i,  ii  built  on  a  hill. 

Tunia. 

The  ancient  Africa  Propria.  Voted  aa  the 
aeat  of  endenl  CarUiage,  ao  long  the  rival  of  Rome. 

The  government  in  more  liberal,  and  the  people 
more  oiviliwd  Uum  any  of  Um  other  Statea. 

Tcma  is  noted  aa  betng  Um  capital,  and  aa  lyinr 
near  Um  rita  of  anctent  CarUiage. 

Tripoli 

The  ancient  Tripolis;  it  ia  t  dry,  sparaelr 
populated  .oooniiy;  fertile  oa  Um  ocaat,  but  mortfy 
deaert  elaewbere. 

It  ia  Um  weakaat  of  Um  BiubaiT  Statea;  but  ite 
inhabltatita  an  among  Um  moat  ctTiliied. 

It  abound*  in  ruins  and  lalics  of  past  tgu. 

Baroa. 

The  ancient  Lybia ;  it  waa.onee  famed  for 
itaUmeeiopaayaar,  butkiMtwmoaUyadeaKt  It 
once  ceotaiMd  the  (naple  of  Jnpiter  Ammoo. 

Daifsor. 

A  ilarge  oasis  in  the  southeastefrn  part  of 
Sahara.  jTIm  inhabilante  an  Mahommedaua.  Tha 
fOTorsmaut  it  a  nnk  daqwUam. 

Faaaan. 

The  largest  oaaia  in  the  world.  It  is  south 
of  Tripoli,  to  which  country  h  beloogi. 


'4¥t^MMi*rlniMMiii^x^-,.., . 


56 


POETICAL    OEOORAPHY. 


iswpt. 


Th«  ^irnu*'*!*  of  E|fpt  an  unimf  lh«  moil  nmukahla  work*  of 


itiqutiy.  TlMy  *r*  M  Ik*  wau  bMk  of  th*  river  Nil«,  and  about 
Tony  in  number.  Tha  iwr;*!  it  Ive  huiidrad  faol  hlfh,  and  738  ft^t 
•t  tia  bMa.    Tha  SpkyilS  la  a  montlar  out  out  of  tha  aolld  roak,  hav- 


I 


IBM  tha  bead  of  •  man  and  tha  IMy  of  a  Hon.    It  la  ona  hundrad  and 
twenty  >▼•  A«t  in  langth.    It  i«  now  moitly  buriad  In  tha  land. 

Fair  Oai-ro  snd  Ro-set'-ta  standing  ivhera 
EgjpluwA  ruins  cloud  Uie  middle  air  : 
There  Thebes  and  Alexandria  lie  unftirled; 
The  dim  reHemblanoe  of  an  ancient  wcwld. 

flema  Ctambla. 
Temboo,  Si.  Louis,  Bathurst  and  Kem-i-noo', 
In  Senna  Gambia  stand  in  open  viovr. 
The  first  i»  capital,  the  chief  of  all,  ■_. 

The  next,  on  Senegal,  belcnigs  to  Oanl.  ^ 

Merm  I^eoiM. 

In  Sier'-ra  Le'-one,  Freetown  let  us  vrite, 
B^ormed  end  christtamsed  from  heathen  night 

^berUk 

Mon-ro'-via,  in  Liberia  we  see, 
Where  Afric's  sons  are  numbered  with  the  free. 

Qalnea. 

In  Guinea  stand  Bi-af '-ra  and  Be-nin', 
There  Ab'-o-mey-<-a  pagan  rude  is  seen. 
Coo-mas'-sie,  where' Ashantee's  tribes  abide, 
And  posh  their  conquests  round  on  every  side. 

lAWigo  mma  Cong*. 

Lo-an'-go,  on  Loango's  coast  unfolds. 
And  Con' -go's  skies  1^  Salvador  beholds. 
The  last  is  throned  upon  •  mountain  high. 
And  famed  for  health  beneath  a  cloudless  sky. 


Ont  of  th«  most  celebrated  eoantries  of 
anilqiiItT,  tha  cradla  of  tha  arta  ami  icienoea,  tha 
Mat  uf  tha  Unfdom  of  Mm  PhmMlM,  ia  littiatod  In  lh« 
valley  of  the  NUa,  hi  lbs  niiiftnHini  part  of  A&ka. 

II  it  nonr  DolBd  te  its  aUv«dbwfg|HS  (IM  alleM 
Iti' 


It  k  at  fftw ni  the  aaat  of  a  mw  and  pnanraua 
Unpdora.  under  Mahonuaed  AU,  who  has  laMy  in- 
tnd'.Md  EaraiMan  aita,  leanbg  sad  cMlbatkn 
into  the  Unffdom. 

Obakb  Uiiio  is  tha  largeat  city  el  Afiica,  and 
k  the  naidenee  of  the  i*aeha  of  Egyi>t 

Roaetia,  Thabae  and  Alaiandria,  an  all  noted  far 
the  ramariuble  mine  faoad  in  their  vidniiiea. 

Beniia  Oambla. 

A  well  watered  and  productive  country, 
Bsuth  of  the  Great  Deaait 

The  climate  ia  hot  and  fiital  to  Eampeana. 

Ilia  Engliih,  French  anJ  Portuguaee  have  laltls 
menta  on  the  coast 

tiMBoo  ii  the  capitaL 

Bt.  Lotiia  it  claimed  by  Franeai 

Blenm  Zicon*. 

Established  by  Great  BriUin,  1787,  for  the 
purp'>«e  of  Ohrialianixing  the  nativea. 

'Hie  colony  eontaiae  aboat  18,000  inhafaiianU; 
moally  negroee,  taken  from  tUve  ahipa, 

Freetown  ia  a  minNooary  ilatioa,  eataWiaheil  by 
Great  Britain,  178fi. 

Xitbeili). 

Formerly  an  American  colony— now  an  ia- 
dependent  republic.  It  waa  oolooisMl  In  1831;  he> 
came  independeat  in  I84T. 

MovaoTri,  the  a^ital,  waa  founded  b^  the  Anet 
iean  Cotonintioa  Sodely,  18M. 

Ckilnea. 
Comprises  the  kingdoms  of  Ashantee,  Da« 
homey,  Benin,  &c.    Noted  for  its  buniiog  climate. 
TIm  oosit  ia  divided  into  the  Grain,  hoiy,  and  Gold 


CooMAaaii,  the  krgeat  town  in  OnfaMB,  is  the 
capital  of  Ariiantee,  the  moat  powaifiii  Ungdosi  in 
theWeatofAMca. 

AbomeyiabutBlargeeaUediooorhaU.  Baibar. 
kmandpHsniim  exist  hare  in  iMrmost  hidaooa 
ihapee, 

LoaiiftO^  Coigo,  Aiifola.  and  Beiqiaela. 

LoAMO  is  about  400  miles  in  eztaBt.  !%• 
climate  ia  aaid  to  be  aahibrioas.     The  eSETb  Ugli. 

Cowoo  ia  boiuded  on  the  west  by  the  Adantie» 
ot  the  eaat  by  krfty  mountaina. 

Aboola  ia  lasorled  to  by  slave  waaala,to  ptoeura 
davee  from  ito  oo»<l. 

Bsnansbji.— ThfS  eoait  is  extremely  nnhealtlv. 


F( 

T 


Ai 


W 
M< 

6h 


liBtti 


**»*»** 


A  f  R  I  C  A 


07 


■Mill  Aflrlca. 


Cap*  Town. 


^S.^-^-Sir.  »ci:  mv.a'rsrt';;.  -^'vf. 


MMion  orOi 
tk«Ohln« 


Cape  Town,  within  Capo  Colony  ia  found, 
Where  Teaaela  stop  when  to  the  Indies  bound. 
And  from  Cape  Town,  northeast,  we  likewise  view 
Kur-re-chan-ee',  Ma-lhow',  and  I*t-ta-koo\ 


In  Mo-aam-bique',  holds  Moiamblque  her  rule. 
Which  with  So-fa'-la'a  owned  by  Poitogal. 

There  Qml-li-manV  and  In-ham-bane'  behold 
Where  LUbon  tradea  for  ivory,  slaves  and  gold. 


■oath  Aftloa. 

Comnrif es  Cape  Colony,  Cuffr.riB,  the  Land 
of  the  HoitentoU,  uul  lh«  oWict  of  the  Uo«huiuio* 

O.pe  Colony  WM  •ettied.  in  IflftO,  by  lh«  Dutch, 
•nd  u  now  in  the  poaMMiion  of  ar«at  Britala 

CArrBAiu,  or  the  CocKTar  of  the  Oirrau. 

Th«  Caffiw  M  •  nJituro  of  the  Arab  and  Nemo. 
iTMy  poNWM  vigorSiM  coni«i(uUon»,  have  brown 
coropjitxlani,  .viib  Aatum  of  an  Europmui  cut 
.V  '''"V?DM«»»,or  Witn  HwrrssTora,  aw  among 
A«mo|«d«l».IH  off  .hum«i  .p,ci«.  Thw  hTrS 
IJT'  ■•'«*-'^n«  featurea,  and  a  wiM expna^  in 

habiuUon^Wrting  on  roou,  loads,  liianla,  ,ra«. 

Mosamblqna. 

country,. on  the  eastern  coast  of 


Ita  trad*  ia  iroiy,  alavM 


In  Zan'-g»M.b«r,  dark  Mag-a-dox'-a  breathes. 
And  there  Me-lin'-da  with  Quil-lo'-a  lives. 

AdeL 

And  A'-dei  and  Ber-be'-ra  both  appear, 
Where  Add's  plains  theh-  tawny  bosoms  rea^ : 
For  gamfl  and  frankboense.  and  eoatly  myrb. 
These  both  are  known  and  chronicled  a&r. 

Alqrwtata. 

•    And  Mat  -sua,  Oon'-dor,  and  one  Ax'-nm  throng. 
Where  Abyaainia's  doora  ar«  round  them  hung. 
Aji  Axnm  apreada  her  ruins  to  the  day ; 
Oordor  ia  00  •  hill,  and  buUt  of  clay. 

nraiita. 

And  Sen'-na-ar,  Shen'-di,  and  Mer-»'-weh  smile 
With  Derr  ia  Nubia,  on  the  flowing  Nil*. 
Mera#ah'a  liune<l  for  temples,  near  her  border, 
aendi  for  pyramids  of  ancient  order. 

A«  by  the  JVW?  Ooi^iola  mounts  the  throne  ; 

Ip-sam'-bul  for  her  temple  well  is  known. 


AlHca,  chiuned  by  Portugal 
and  gold,  • 

MoMiubiqu*,  iind  all  tha  raat  of  tho  porta  on  the 
MMt  of  MoMjnHque,  ara  in  tho  poaMMSon  of  th« 
Portugueae,  who  hold  a  trafflo  with  tha  natirea  tat 
iTory,  gob]  and  ilavei. 

i  Zanguebar 

A  marshy,  imheslthy  country,  that  abounds 
to  tiaphanta,  crocodiica  and  Tcnomoua  aeipenta. 

Adel  and  Berbers. 

Adel,  west  of  Bcrbera,  is  imperfectWknown. 

B«bera  i.  the  mortaaatem  pwtV  Afl«r«S^ 

tod  for  guma  Rud  ipicea.  ,-««,. 

..  ■^''"  f?'' fi«"»«"*«h«  chief  towna,  aw  noted  Ibr 
th«r  fiankinoenae  ami  rirJi  gnina.  •"'^•" 

Abysalnla. 

iJ^^^l^^^  EUilopia,  is  an  uneven  countrv. 
faitamcttMl  by  rang«i  of  high  mountuna.    iSe  ^ 

iJJ^^•  ^  ftrtiK  «Jth.  dfaJTi.  2?  :Sd 

Tha  infaabitanta  aw  a  cruel  and  Hffntiona  net 
Axum  irnoted  fcr  monainenia  and  rahH:  aamu 
n*leha»40obeli4a;  oneMfcethlgh.     '  ^^ 

Ifnbia. 

«#  tlf^'  ■"•'F'jwwrt  country,  where  pUlara 
of  aand  aw  aeen  moving  in  the  wii^,  and  wlma  the 
p««^  auaooin  Uowa.%  It  belonfa  to  the  Pacha 

^ear  Mamweh  aw  a  number  of  temples,  adorned 
wtth  ■c«lp»uwa.  hjeroglyDhica,  Ac.     ^M^Tamm. 

J*^*'.1*'***"'«'i*'«»«'»«0  In  width 

JSear  Sheiidt  are  upward  of  40  pyramida,  aurnioaad 
by  many  to  be  older  than  thoae  of  fegypt,       " 

OoMoiA.  on  the  Nile,  ia  the  capital; 

Ipaambul  ia  noted  fiir  a  temple  of  immense  wmm. 
tton,  eicatatod  out  of  the  aSd  rodt  Itisadaraed 
with  colosMlatetaas  and  painted  acolplBws.  ^^ 


S8 


POETICAL    GEOGRAPHY. 


Caatna  4fHc«. 

Near  Niger'a  banks  Tim-buc'.-tM  findi  a  ■jx^ 

For  caravans  a  place  of  great  resort. 
8e-go'  and  Jena  both  aro  towns  of  trade, 
Southwest  from  this,  beside  the  Nifftr  laid. 

From  Nifftr  east,  some  hundred  miles  or' more, 

Is  Saok-»-too',  the  first  in  tii^  and  power. 

* 

Tli«  <«■>•»•  af  /.ftien.  Aribia^nd  mmny  <»••>•'  P«"»  "' ^^'!,' 
II  mirrltdan  by  m««in  of  r«r«y«n«  Tli«  c»mf  1 1«  ih«  onlf  «nim«l  lh«l 
•«  "ilSw  tlUMorrhi...  K.«'  of  ih«  «.uly  d.«rt^  A  c.r«.»ii 
UHMlkiM  ooMKUofSUdO  e*n«l*,  Md  ••  muy  (Mctoa*. 


■oodan,  or  Oentral  AIMoa. 

Boodan,  or  Nlgritis,  son.etimea  called  Cen- 
tnl  .\&ii-9,  is  !m|«M*»r«!y  !ion«ni  U  include  sU 
■Mlh  of  itM  On<«t  UMMt,  •ml  north  of  Ethiopia 

TiMsncTou,  onca  •uppowd  to  b«  •  larg*  dly,  is 
found  to  kw  but  a  umn  opittrtion  ofhuta. 


Oraat  Daaart 
The  Great  Desert  of  Sahara,  north  of  Boo- 
dan, U  auuO  milM  long  ami  man  than  lOOU  bioMi, 
iimUiniugimr  I  ^00,000  iquwa  ndlM.  TbiaimniMiM 
•xpanM  If  itcariy  all  covarwi  with  mtd,  whkh  ii 
blown  by  th«  wind  In  movini  pUlaw,  •caltarinf  (^'^ 
in  iu  foaiful  path. 


[Th«  lUd  Sea,  Tit  w«l  ftom  «a«  Mahmamtd,  on  the  •omhw.M  mtt  of  Arabia  Potiwa] 


II  uSll -wmorahUi  forth,  wond.rfal  u.mm«  -nd  i.f.  d.U».r«.c.  of  the  «hild,.n  of  l.r..l  tbroofh  i»  watfi.,  aai  Ibr  tha 

owrthrow  of  lh»  haughty  i'l,«r»o:i«nd.ih«Ktypuanho«t.  , ,..  ii«,--  ,.  ««•  «f  Uo 

^  ««l.bra.«d  l>oni  of  Min.m,  .ant  aftar  ihi.  great  drama  (.••  *«du,  xy,  tO),  » thu.  paiaphraaad  by  Mooaa,  la  oaa  of  Ua 
■oat  baaatlfal  aad  mAodiou*  itraiiit. 

MIRIAM'S   BONO. 


■onm  tka  loud  timbrel  o'er  Gsrpt<a  darkiva! 
J«lMTahlm.  trinmph'd.— hi.  p«opt«  arj  tif 
«B»-fcr  tha  pr.iia  of  the  tyraii'  i.  hruk.a, 

llUokariota,  hi.  horMmea.  all  inlendid  and  bra»a— 
How  vaia  wa.  tbolr  hoanlng !— Th.  Lord  kMh  bot  qiekaa, 

Aatf  ahariot  and  horMman  ara  eaak  in  the  wave. 
Bvmt  ika  ietid  timbrel  oVr  Efypt^  dark  Ma  t 
JalMvak  haa  tiiamph<dr-bi*  Paapla  ara  ttea. 


PraiM  lo  the  Conqueror.  praiM  to  the  liord !     

Hi.  word  imt  our  arrow,  hi.  breath  wa.  our  iwoM'.— 
Who  (halt  return  lo  tell  Egypt  the  «orr 

Of  ihoM  .he  ieni  forth  in  the  hour  of ^er  pnoeT^ 
For  the  Lord  bath  loak<d  onl  fVom  hie  pillar  of  glotT, 

And  all  hrr  brare  thoniarjil.  ara  daibed  m  the  tide. 
Sound  the  loud  Umbrel  o'er  Eaypt*.  dark  wa! 
Jehorah  haa  triumph'd,— hi*  people  aia  naa. 


W" 


L 


.  ^_,^*ji^i0tm . 


Hoa- 

■  calM  Can- 

It  iiicluilM  tU 

ofeihio|ite 

•  krg*  dly,  k 

atn 


north  of  800- 
lan  1000  bfOMi, 
I.  ThiauninMiM 
wiMJ,  witlch  k 
•calMrlni  «lMlh 


idihaOalfof  A4«B- 
•  wMt  by  Efypt 
rattni  uilbt  th* 

[oon^  IS  OM  of  Us 


iiouriwofd'.— 
r 

iMrpndet 
lllaroritorf, 
iwl  in  Ik*  tidt. 

I  Am. 


ISLANDS. 


Ck^ned  to  tho  AroUe  m«  U  Gr«enluid  found, 
Whem  winter  Rpreadi  hii  dcHolntion  round. 
As  Dine©  Imtc  in  snowy  garb  is  dressed, 
Prinot.  William's ^and  from  Baffin's  Bay  is  west; 
Southampton  iteops  in  Hudnon's  amplo  hay, 
While  west  of  all,  Sabino  and  Melville  lay. 
And  Newfoundland  from  Labrador  is  south, 
Where  the  8t.  Lawrence  river  opes  her  mouth. 
Prince  £dwarda  here,  with  AnlicosU  keeps, 
With  one  Ciqx'  Breton,  on  the  liquid  deeps. 
Long  Island  floats  upon  the  azure  wave, 
Where  Martha's  Vineyard  and  Nantucket  lave. 
Ber-mu-das  and  Ba-ha'-ma,  blooming  where 
Sweet  spring  distils  her  ever-bnimy  air  ;       [smiles. 
Whore  stortts  and  cttrtli«iuakes  frown,  and  verdure 
la  sHmner's  climes  lay  fair  Went  Indta  Islo-t ; 
Of  these  rich  Cuba  sparkles  o't-r  her  stand  ; 
Hay'-ti  aad  Por-to  Ilico  join  the  l)and  ;  [torn, 

Though  icorched  by  lightnin;Lr\  and  by  carthquukes 
Ja-mai'-oa  there  still  blusht-s  like  the  morn. 

Southeast  frora  these,  and  smiling  on  the  tide, 
Ca-rib'-bee'a  mounds  are  mantled  in  their  pride ; 
There  Bar-ba-does'  and  fertile  Ouada-loupo', 
With  Trin^i-dad',  stand  in  the  elfin  group  ; 
Jo-aa'-nes  dwells  in  Am-a-zon's  broad  mouth. 
With  MarUn-Vas',  and  Sax-cm-burg  more  south ; 
Au-ro-ra  and  South  Georgia,  dismal  shores. 
Where  winter  with  bis  blustering  tempests  roars; 
And  Ter'ra  del  Fu-e'-go,  scorched  by  lire, 
With  Falk'-lmd,  'neath  the  storm's  impetuous  ire  ; 
South  Shot'-land  and  South  Ork'-ney,  unexplored, 
Wilh  Sand-wioh  Land,  whose  names  we  scarce  afford; 

And  St  Uel-o'-na,  where  Napoleon  lay, 
Is  on  the  western  coast  of  Africa. 
As-cen'-sion  and  St.  Mat'-thew  northly  glow. 
With  one  St.  Thomas,  and  Fer-nan-do  Po ; 
Cape  VeW,  firom  Gambia  west,  comes  in  the  song, 
A»  the  Canary  Isles  to  Spain  belong ; 
Madeira  there  with  sparkling  wine  cup  full. 
In  monntam  garb,  is  owned  by  Portugal ; 
For  health  renowned,  then  comes  the  (air  Aiores, 
Or  Western  Isles,  where  ocean's  dark  surf  roars. 


OMiNtiwn  la  tiroUUy  Um  |ar|wi  Usnd  in  lh« 
wor.1,  aarrpting  Sew  Holland j  it  ia  known  Ut  ai- 
tonJ  mora  than  1,400  milaa  north,  ami  how  much 
ftirthar  la  unknown.  It  proUI.I.  ivorhe.  lo,  or  b«rond 
UM  pol^  and  formt  an  ArcUc  Conlincnl  of  iuaii: 

!^^«'-y|ii.sl«notodaabavinf^»enlhah<iadqu*f. 
ton  of  Captain  Psrrr,  for  two  yaara. 

NiwraoHDi.AaD  la  noted  for  the  grtataat  codllal). 
•HM  in  Um  world.     It  Iwlonga  to  OrMt  Uritain. 
NinrurKiT  la  nol«d  aa  a  whaling  depot 

1^'^^?.  '",*"'!'.  "*•"'  "^  Connartkut,  la  juAtd  for 
ita  fertility  of  aoll. 

.uf"*  .*!*.■*"'*•  '"^  Biaiirnia.  ara  doIm]  for 
their  aalubriou*  climate.  »t  CaWailor,  one  of  Iha 
Babamaa,  waa  tha  flfit  land  diaeovered  by  L'olumbua. 

J'jii  WssT  Isoisa  are  noted  for  their  great 
fertility. 

BOO  milca  in  length,  wilh  an  average  wiiJih  of  76 
milsa. 

{*««*'«•*.  one  of  the  moat  lieauliful  of  the  Weat 
Indiea,  la  au)ijm-t  to  hurricanra,  eartliquakea,  and 
drcnilflil  atonua  o(  ehundtr  and  lightning. 

Jotwnia  ia  a  large  iaiami,  Iving  in  the  mouth  of 
the  Amaxoii. 

TaaaA  uki  Fiubo,  or  the  land  of  Are,  ia  a  cold, 
deaofato  reRion,  inhahitod  by  a  race  of  the  laoat  mis- 
erable aavagea. 

8r.  Hklbra  ia  a  rocky  iaiand  offthecoaat  of 
Africa.  It  is  noted  aa  having  Iwen  the  priaon  of  Na- 
poleon,  from  1818,  lo  hia  dcalh,  1881.  Hia  body 
remained  there  till  1 840,  when  it  waa  taken  to  France. 

Atcimios  is  noted  for  turtle*. 

C*rs  ni  Viama  have  a  hot,  unhealthy  climate. 

TiiB  C^iTABiaa  are  noted  for  canary  birds,  and  the 
Peak  of  Teneiifft,  an  extinct  Tolcano,  13,860  feel 
high. 

Tsi  Atoass  or  Western  Islands^  bclooging  to 
Portugal,  are  noted  for  fcitililyofaoilandsalubritvof 
climate. 

Madiika,  a  mountafaMMis  island,  k  noted  for  fe^ 
tility  and  Madeira  wine. 

Thk  Hsaainta  belong  to  ScoUaad,  Ihay  ara 
mostly  barren  and  sterile, 

Tai  HasTtAirii*.  north  of  lbs  Orknaya,  nunbar 
in  all  about  100.    Thay  ara  oold  and  buna. 

IcttAvn,  one  of  tha  largest  island*  in  the  world, 
is  noted  for  Mount  Hecla,  and  ita  geyser*  or  nninga 
of  hot  water.  Tha  climate  ia  dnary  and  coU.  It  ia 
owned  by  Denmark. 

SriTsaiaats  is  tha  most  northern  land  known; 
it  iMa  between  the  77th  and  81st  d^icea  1/  north 
Utitoda.  On  ite  coa-t  an  found  whales,  m^Aigi, 
aaa«ow*,  se»4ions,  Ae.  In  tha  mmmer  the  sua  does 
not  set  for  three  raontlia 


(MY 


■-ijAKUBfajip^^^ilH,,, 


flO 


POKTIOAL    OEOORAPHY 


1 


OrMt  BriUin.  wMt  of  Europ«,  UkM  h«r  poti; 

And  IrvUnd  bonierj  un  hist  wc«tera  eoaat ) 
And  Fft'-rtw.  Shetland  and  the  Ork'-ney*  gu« 
Htill  further  north,  where  ileep  the  Hvb'-ri-doi ; 
B'u-en'  aud  Z<!al-and  east  of  Denmark  keep ; 
Bom-holm  and  Ru'-ptn  in  the  Baltic  ileep ; 
O'-land  ati<l  Octhland  ther«  In  •lumhora  laj, 
And  A'  lawi  gaac*  o'er  the  Baltic  •«». 


or  Um  ll««ltonri 

Mi-nor'-ea  and  Ma-jor'ea,  eiut  of  Spain, 
With  iiZ-i-ca  aaaert  their  watery  reign ; 
Sar<lin'-i-a  on  her  watery  throne  I  fonnd. 
With  Cor'-$i-ea,  her  tiiter,  by  her  crowned ; 
(y  prtu  and  Can'dia  in  angelic  mien, 
With  Sio'-i-ly  In  the  same  bright  tea  are  iccn. 

ortli«  Arctic  Occaa. 

The  foiea*  empire,  Nb-va  Zem-Ua,  stamU, 
And  o'er  the  pole  l^iu-bergtn  holds  hor  hands 

or  tlM  ladlan  and  Paclflc  Oceans. 

CW-#'-ro  hUt,  Bour-hon,  and  Idt  qf  France, 
With  Mad-a-gtuf'cmr,  from  the  Tavea  advance  ; 
And  Lcx'-adiv€t  and  Maldivet  there  arc  strown, 
With  Cha'go*  IfUt,  by  Indian  aephyrs  blown. 
Booth  of  Hind<  .stao  blooms  the  fair  Cuy-lun', 
Known  for  her  ecftly  poarU  aud  cinnaraun ; 
Hai-naik'  is  seated  inUie  gulf  Tonquin,  (ton-keen') 
From  China  oast,  Formosa  Isle  is  seen, 
With  Ki-u-si-u  and  8o-koke,  we  scan 
Niphon  and  Jesso,  islands  of  Japan. 
From  Niphon  north  behold  Saghalien  Isle, 
While  north  and  east  are  those  we  call  Kurile, 

And  Bor'-ne-o  where  the  ourang-outang  is  fonnd ; 
Whooe  shores  with  forests  ukI  with  swamps  abound, 
And  Cel'-e-bes,  where  herbs  of  pois(m  grow. 
And  rfptilea  live,  stands  east  of  Bor'-ne-o ; 
Sumatra  where  Mount  Ophir  towers  the  while, 
At  Java  slumbers  a  volcanio  isle. 
Moluccas  for  their  spices  next  we  name, 
As  the  Philippme  Isles  are  owned  by  Spain. 

Australia,  Ocean's  first  bom  ofiipring  stands, 
And  o'er  his  asure  empire  spreads  her  lande. 
New  Guinea  and  New  Zealand  there  are  (aki. 
And  there  Van  Dieman's  Land  usurps  her  reigc. 


N«T4  ZtMSL*  1«M  nortb  of  Bonifs  «Bd 

(I  U  ilMlKuto  of  til  Iraraa  of  v«frtalinn,  wt«  UcImim 
•ml  murina^  V«t  imi  iu  ■itona  tre  ibtiiMi  "ut  num- 
tMK*  uf  fotaa,  whit*  beaji^  wnlruwa  wmI  •*•!•. 

CMSiCi,  100  ouIm  lony,  unl  tlwul  44  wM*,  la 
notad  M  Iha  birtbptaM  of  iNapolMn. 

Siamiiu,  IM^milMkinf  ■ntlM  wU*,Uiieliwilll 
miiMmK  Slid  hM  t  (wlito  tuiL 

HiriLf  wu  on<r*  r«ll«)  ib«  mnsry  (  Rwof*. 
Il  l«  Um  lar(««(  iiltml  In  Um  MaiLlarraiMaii,  and  is 
notod  for  MounI  Kum. 

M«n*a«*«ta,  on  Um  eoaM  of  Africa,  la  an*  of 
Um  lariiral  mUiuIs  in  U>«  world,  bainii  fMO  milaa  hmf 
aiid  'M^)  wide.  It*  iidialiitanU  ii«  /Vraba,  NagnMM 
•ml  M«l4yt.  Tha  toil  la  rich  and  fertile,  and  Um 
cUmalK  healthy. 

UuuBBoi  Iwlonga  to  Franc*  It  eoalaiiM  •  folea- 
IM  in  a  alatu  uf  arUviljr. 

Tha  liLa  or  FIamcb,  m  MiDaiTUi,  Itrlonoa  to 
England.  It  w  iiotail  for  a  loftjr  mountain,  which  i» 
cruwnail  l^  a  high,  rocky  paak,  caliad  I'atar  B«(la 
Mountain. 

Naw  HoLitRit,  or  AciTatLii,  la  the  largaat 
laland  in  Uj«  world,  hating  an  area  of  3,600.000 
«(uai|  milaa.  The  whol*  of  Uiia  vaal  tract  of  U-hI 
ia  claimed  ''y  Orrat  BriUln. 

Tha  nativM  or  abori^nea  of  lliin  bland  ara  praba- 
Wy  the  loweat  in  thfl  »cala  of  any  'hat  belong  to  lh« 
human  family.  TIkv  ara  Um  onl>  wca  Uiat  goe« 
entirely  ii>duHJ.  TItrir  food  conaiata  of  flah,  anake*. 
anaila,  worma,  liiank  and  &U  Unda  ot  loathaoiM 
reptile*. 

V4)i  DuMAt't  LiRD,  aituatedaouthof  AuitraKa, 
ia  noted  aa  Ijeing  U>o  plaoa  wl«er<!  mo«t  of  tha  eon- 
victa  of  Unmt  liritain  ara  now  baubhed.  Tha  popu- 
lation ia  alH)ut  one  tf^tnl  criniimda. 

Naw  ZaALiaa  U<am«  a  part  of  Um  UriUah  Em> 
pii«  in  1840.  I'ha  nalivea  are  tah  and  well  formad, 
and  ware  formerly  canniliala. 

Hum  ATS  A  b  noted  for  Mount  Ophir,  13,000  fatt 
high.  Tbe  laland  produces  krga  quanlitiaa  of  eM»- 
phor  and  pepper. 

Java  belong*  NXha  Dftth.  It  produeea  coflaa. 
w^pu,  ifca,  he  'lahiTia,  thn  capiul,  ia  a  gnntl  oom- 
moicia}  emppriura  for  Um  trade  of  Um  Dutch  b  th# 
Eaat. 

Oaiia«a  l«  noted  for  iia  \*'A  number  of  venowooa 
laatilca,  flJM,  iK.,  Ihiit  f  nof  the  inbafailanta  to  aut 
s  d*ffiv«  iliat  they  are  compelled  to  buikl  their  hooiaa 
on  poata,  to  praveiit  their  intruaion. 

Tat  PHitimai*  art  noted  for  tarnuu  rtortna  of 
ihundvr  and  Ughtsln^. 

Boaain  ia  ana  of  the  birgaat  ii>landa  in  Um  wmU. 
Ita  dKkraa  ara  beaet  with  awampa  and  fu.eala.  Tha 
orang  outang,  the  oon.ieeting  link  between  man  and 
the  kiwar  animaia,  h  found  km. 

Tha  orif^al  InbaHtwita  of  Uia  LAPaoaaa  haw 
been  naa»ly  all  uterminated  by  Uie  Spaniards. 

Tae  Oabomss  IttARoa  tre  mcaUy  all  of  oowl 
fermation.    They  are  beat  bw  a  tempcatooaa 
aud  ata  niu)«ci  to  itonsa  aud  hurricsnea, 


T 

CI 

U 
U 


iWB»i|inii.» 


9f  mmI  Ail*, 
n,  mf*  IklMii* 
umi  fMt  num- 

Mil  44  wM*,  hi 

lit,  kiieli  Willi 

iry  •  f  Bvrof*. 
raiMMii,  Mid  it 

ineft,  w  4fM  off 
MOmilMlonc 
inba,  NagTMM 
feriUc,  uJ  Um 

mUlM  •  ««!(•• 

ui,  MoiM*  to 
itatn,  «hkn  ia 

•a  vtiMtVMu 

\§  th«  larxMt 
I  of  3,MK).CKH) 
•t  tract  of  b-Hl 

lantl  «ra  pniba- 
It  belong  to  Itw 
ran  that  goea 
of  flah,  anue*. 
I  of  loalhaoKM 

thof  AuacraJia, 
Kiat  of  tha  eon- 
Ml,    Thopopu- 

he  llrilUh  Em- 
III  well  formod, 

hir,  13.000  Act 
intitica  of 


iroduOM  cadasi 
M  a  (reiki  oou- 
M  Dutch  in  Ihi 

Mr  of  Tffloainaa 
ibilanta  t0  MK ' 
likl  their  hooiaa 

mruiu  atorma  of 

blnUMWorid. 
I  fo.eala.  Tlw 
twceu  man  and 

jAPHOBia  htm 

Spaniards. 

■tlj  all  of  cam 

iprftWNM  OOMO. 


I8LAN  OS 


Tb«  Oarollae.  whf  rq  rc«(ii  oT  cor»l  foiro. 
Bravo  the  rougj,  iurf.  ihc  i«inp,iit  ui<l  lh«  atorm  ; 
Udrone*  bf  n.  »th  th«  8piinUh  ytAe  are  bound. 
\¥hil«  (krther  not  th  tha  Boiiin  Tsk.a  «re  fotwd ;' 

Th«  Bondwioh  hlindo.  where  Mouut  Ronkecpt, 
And  where  lurauea  flua««  above  tb«  d««pa, 
Where  (v'aptain  Cook  waa  by  tho  naliTea  (lain. 
Are  hound  togither  in  the  coral  chain. 

Folded  ia  Ocean 'a  arma.  tho  Friendly  lalca, 
By  tho  ftwiety,  rear  up  their  piles ; 
Fair  Otahoile,  in  tho  iaat  named  band, 
Shlnen  like  an  Eden  in  a  fairy  land. 

Marquewtt  lales  are  in  the  burning  lone. 
South  of  tha  line  with  thow  callt-d  Waahington. 
Jttto'  Fernan'-dea  ajwrkloa  in  tho  de<>pa, 
And  young  Chi-lo  -o  near  to  Chili  keeps  ;— 
Aa  Oal-a-pa'-go«  fronta  the  torrid  akiea.  ' 
Van-eou'-rar'a  to  tho  m-rth  at  fifty  lio«;  (so") 
And  farther  aUIl,  Queen  Charlotte'*  lale  ii  sown 
Where  On-a-Iaa'-k»  and  A  leu-tian  ehone. 

Tha  Akqtiaii  Waoda,  in  tha  North  Pacifir.  nalong  to  Ruad, 

^^iJ         * .'  '"'^'"^  "'""'  '"*  '■""»  «h«  -•,  which  in 
1807.  had  «nl.,g«  to  !wenty.«„«  milea  in  circumferenco      ' 
7T>a  nati»«.  ot  theaa  lalaikla  am  a  raikl  nee  of  mvi--  -ho 


61 


I  ha*a  aJl  baan  eot,..rl.d  u>  ih«  ChrUiUn  r.y,<oa 


rji  w  >f 


OuligiM 
by  lb.  .00,1.  of  mi..lon.n.i,  w  lb.  Cbrt.Mo  nuiVn     ' 


MOUNTAINS. 


Ml  CMmboTMo. 


lf«rtli  ABMrtca. 


The  Boeif  Mmnkutu  join  in  turj  bunda, 

0'«r  Britiah  •oil  tnd  over  YankM  landi. 

O'm*  Meiico  ftod  OukUaiala,  too. 

In  Um  mub«  ohain,  Oor-dit-U-ra$  we  view. 
At  Otark  Mmntamu  in  lltSMMiri  pile. 
In  Teaneeeee  ie  Onmbtriand  the  while, 
N.  0.,  Virgiol^  Mwj\*ad  and  Penn.. 

Are  bound  together  bj  the  Bltu  Rtjpt  chain. 

O'er  the  larae  atatee.  eicept  the  atate  N.  0., 

The  AUffhany  keepe  them  company. 
The  dark  Orttn  Motmlaint  in  Vermont  embower, 

And  the  Wkki  MmtUaitu  o'er  New  Hampahirc  tower. 


O'er  South  America  the  An*-dt$  rtae, 
With  Chini-bo-ra' -MO  tlironed  above  the  ekiea. 
So-ra-to,  too,  the  highest  peak,  it  there ; 
Bolivia  it  the  place  he  mokot  hit  )air. 

Barop«. 

At  Seotia't  elimet  the  proud  Btn  Nif'vit  hailt, 
With  Orampian  HHU  ; — Sti^jwdon  is  found  in  Walet. 
With  huge  CuntAbrian  and  Iberian  reign 
The  bold  Ne  ra'-da  o'er  the  realmt  of  Spain. 
Cattile,  To-le-do,  and  Mo^ra'-na  tteep, 
O'er  Spun  and  Portugal  their  tentriet  keep. 

'Tween  France  and  Spain  behold  the  Py-rm-neti'; 

The  proud  (k-mnM$'  in  Vranoe  the  tmveler  tees, 

AM-vtrgm,  near  by,  tpreadt  out  hit  i^ky  line  ; 
At  the  Voaget  Monntt  are  wett  the  river  Rhine ; 


The  folluwing  iabfa  shuwa  Um  Unitli  of  U>«  prui- 
»|mI  niicn  of  MaunlWMi 

AnuM, •••*••      e,t^w 

Moitcan  iimI  Rockjr  MounlaiM^ ....  MM 

WhoW  Xiucrtrui  ClMia lOjMO 

Altain  MouniKina, MM 

Mountain!  uf  Ut*  Mooa, MM 

Unl  Mounlcina, )  iMa 

AUm  Moantaina, 5  ''"*^ 

DoAalMd  Meuntain^ 1,000 

(Nomli, 1^000 

AllHbMiy, 000 

Al|w, 000 

AppniinM^ ,   .  70A 

Cw)«lhlMi, 800 

OrMn  MoualaiM, 000 

PyrtniMM, too 

The  following  ilwwa  the  hifhl  of  mom  af  Oh 
Mttaat  padu  of  MountalM : 


Cbumularao 

Bnralo, . 

('hiDiboraao, 

HiiKloo  Kix«h 

Cotopaii,  I  volcano^  .  .  . 
St.  Efliaa,  hiaheal  in  M.  A.,  . 
PofmcatapaU,  hi«haal  in  .  . 
Ml  Blanc,  hiiihMt  in  Europa. 
Antiaana  Farm  Houae.  .  . 
Mount  Etna,  volcano,      .   . 

Mount  l.cl>anon, 

Mount  Sinai 

Pindua,  higliritt  in   ...    . 


TUbat.  .   . 
Bettvia. .  . 
Equadar,  . 
A%hanlalan, 
EquaJor,  . 
RuiaiaaAm. 
Mailed,  ,   . 
Italy,,   .   . 
Equa<lor,   . 
Bidly,  .    . 
Syria,  .    .    . 
Arabia,.   . 


M,OOV 

asxMO 

V0.600 
18,890 
17,900 
17,700 
16,686 
14,800 
10,990 
10,000 
.  8,108 
7,677 


Tha  hi«haal  inhaUlad  apot  in  Europe,  ia  tlM  Mo- 
naatary  tit  8L  Bernard,  in  tha  paaa  over  tha  Qraal 
St.  Baraanl  Mountatii.  It  ia  8,000  feet  above  the 
level  of  tha  aea.  Here  tha'  monka  entertain  all 
■tranfera  and  traveleia  gratia,  fiir  thrve  dayi.  Doge 
are  ao  trained  that  they  are  aant  out  in  the  atonna  of 
anow,  t«  reacue  benigbtad  travelara. 

In  South  America  wa  ftiid  larae  dtiaj  eieelling  the 
idiove.  They  are  moatly  on  the  table  hmda  of  the 
Andes.    Quito  b  9,000  teat  aiMve  the  level  of  the 


M^^tN»«iiMMiMA4*M* 


-«l 


4,MM 

.•.MW 

10,000 

MOO 

.M«« 

.  1,000 
.    1,000 


.  .  M.OOU 
.  .  M.0O0 
',  .  tl,44<» 
itan,  tOfiM 
r,  .  18,890 
Am.  17,900 
.  .  17,700 
.  .  16,686 
■,  .  14,800 
.    .    10,9S0 

.  .  10,000 
.    .    .  8,108 

.     .   7,677 


- 


MOUNTAIIIi. 


(K) 


At  b«i(MrlM(l  rlaima  tiM  J^^t—th*)  Ap'-ftn-imt 
0'«r  lUklj  unfold  (heir  ■nowy  ahrinca. 

On  Amirian  shorp*,  upon  th«  map  aro  me«d 
The  Kra'</*hfiy,  with  tha  Car-pa  Ikian  br«c«d. 

H$'  mu»  in  Turkpy,  with  th«  Ofym'ptu  mound  ; 

While  prouii  /''irna*$tu  MimtU\n  (*r«je«  ia  found. 

Tbfl  />f//raji«id  in  Nt»rw»y,  and  bfltw»««>n 
Norway  and  Hwetk-n,  on  the  luup  ar.-  »*.rn. 

OUnU'  in  Finland,  wbll«  the  (T-rmt chain 
'Tmtitn  Ruiiaia  and  Hib«Ha  may  r«igu. 

All*. 

In  Turkey  dwclU  Tam'mt  and  Mmm  ; 
Ai  Ara-rat  ia  thern  on  hiH  high  throne. 

/Ji}'r»6  and  Hi'-nai  in  thair  grandour  tower, 
With  onre  Ram  U  ah,  on  the  Arab  ahore. 

Par-apomi'  iu»  and  tlie  Xldwin  brooJ, 
With  Louri*-km'  o'er  Perala'a  neighborhood. 

The  Oon-dorn'  and  Alnd.  with  //inifoo  AboM', 
O'er  Alghaniatan  ahorea  their  Bha<lowa  push. 

I/kn-ma'-Uh  JfoutUairu  bound  HindiKMtan  north  r 

Hindooatan  ia  the  place  where  Ghaut  haa  birth. 

From  Thibet  north,  Kum'lm  Mountains  peer  ; 

In  Chineae  Tartajry  the  Cdtitialt  rear. 

Mtay^,  Saian'tkoi  and  the  Ya-6lo-no^', 
Along  Siberia  aouth,  we  next  eapy. 

Stanvojf'  b  eaat,  near  the  Pacido  eoaat, 
Where  O'-kotak'i  billows  round  their  feet  are  toMcd. 

Aiyica. 

In  Barhary  the  Afiaa  MwnU  belong  ; 
South  of  Ni^jritia  ia  the  chain  called  Kong. 
Kong  Mountiiins  join  tho  Mmnlaini  of  the  Moon, 
In  Ethiopia,  'noatii  the  burning  zone. 
Th«  Cam-«-roon',  in  Guinea  next  we  tee  ; 
Aa  the  Snow  Mounts  are  in  Capo  Colony. 


•••»  UlSa  l»,00«j  ilwmet  Vttira  m4  Tmd 
«^  M  b%h  M  I3,<MW  Of  M  iMM  h,%,  in.!  ih« 
Unn  Ummu<4  AniMMi*.  Ui*  hlKtiml  inhalHlMl  tpnt 
M  JOO  £^'  "  •"''""*'''  •l«««#d  .1  Um  hl,ht  u/ 

Tha  MttHaiM  nkiuntain  mnvry  In  any  pMrt  of  Um 
woiU",  i«  AmumI  in  HiMith  Ani#n»».  I'Imi  HUm  Jutt 
•nutmraio.!  am  •)»>«•  ih*  f,^|,„,  „f  ih,  ,|,Hid«  tii.l 
•to'nw,  ami  (nj..^  otM-Mrwiiml  •prin(,  with  ih«  rlvtr 
MUi*  4ho%«,  whwh  !■  lit  l.r  ,hy  wiih  Uw  grxi  lumt- 
n«ry,«iid  lit  it%M  aiMlklilif  with  th«  t«\i\mtntm  o( 
Hn  ihuuaaiMi  Mara. 

Tr8»i.|«ra  In  tacmtdung  ttM  ArulM  hat*  wiinMwd 
•lonna  .if  li|hlnliit  and  ihan.l«r  laflng  in  thair  »!•- 
mmul  fury  iliouMmla  of  bri  Iwlow  ih»m,  whtli 
tttr  UieimMlvri  men  cnjd)rln|  iha  cxil  wphyr.  or  Um 
MM  aunahina. 

Tho  Ardoa,  atan  from  ih«  Pocirtc  Or»an  tJt  ib« 
coaal  of  Houth  Am<<rira.  |inM»iil  uno  ituparalnua 
wall  of  aiUinanI,  Ihal  m  Uia  diataiira  haa  a  hair 
Wua  appMraik*.  mUuh  r.mtraaw  aiu'  aoMoria  with 
Iha  rlaar  whita  of  iho  atoniaJ  anow  with  whkh  iho 
iof  or  aiiroinit  ia  rruwn-  i, 

Tbo  highaat  peak  of  lh«  Andce  ia  Mount,  Moraln. 
in  ihWIria ;  it*  aummit  ia  alavaUKl  19.000  fraL  IIU. 
Diaiii.  near  8.>r»ui,  la  tha  Mtonil  Li«h»«»,  twing  t4,3M 
»»t.  (JhimlKmuu),  in  E<iuador,  ia  lh«  third  bi  «!•▼•- 
Una.  baiiif  31,444  Kki. 

Tha  Alpa  ara  tho  hifhaat  mounlaina  of  Ruropo, 
and  amoiiR  Uio  Alpa,  Mount  UUnc,  (<«  tho  Whiu 
Mountain),  towera  abova  all  (.ihara,  bainii  16,685  bM. 
It  H  ii)  liM  iinrtharn  part  o(  Italy. 

Metini  Blane  li  lha  monarph  of  monntaina, 

Wa  arownad  him  lofif  ago. 
On  a  ihron*  of  roclit,  in  a  roba  of  oloada, 

And  a  diailrm  of  (now. 
AroMnd  lila  waitl  it  ih*  Ihttn  braead, 

And  lha  avalansha  in  hii  band, 
Hul  «'«r  II  fall,  iht  ihundnrinf  bail, 
Mutt  pauia  for  ray  command. 

JfanAwt. 
Tha  highaat  peak  of  Aiia  ia  Chumularao,  of  tha 
HimmaJeh  range,  iM-ing  29,000  twt  Thia  ia  tha  high- 
Mrt  mountain  in  the  world  Neit  to  Ibia  ia  Dawal*. 
pTi.37,«77  liwt.  Ovtr  kwenty  <lilier«nl  inountatoa 
In  thin  chain  are  aakl  to  ha  oter  f.>ur  milaa  in  bight 

Mounlaina  are  aomelimea  iiitermted  by  riTera, 
which  afford  in  miuiy  plaren  but  a  narrow  ihaiineL 
I  he  p«Haiig,v  of  the  l'..tomac  ami  8u«quebannah, 
throuijli  the  Blue  KiJgv,  and  liio  Minwuri  through 
lha  Rocky  Mounlaina,  »«  the  mnat  diatinguiahad. 


,  Mountain*  we  great  oiMtrurliona  In  road<  and  eanali.  aa  well  aa  HTaf«.    Th«  r.»,l.  »...  ,\     a    i  , 


I 


s 


y 


VOLCANQES. 


VoloanoM. 


the  moat  active 
thousand  yearf 
taan  100  milei, 


VieworSlromboli. 

Siromboli,  on  (he  Lipari  Iilanda,  north  of  Sicily,  ii  one  o( 
▼olcanoe*  in  the  world.  It  hai  burned  Tor  more  tl  an  two 
without  interruption.  It  la  viaible  at  the  di»tanc-i  of  more 
and  ia  styled  the  great  Light  Koua*  of  the  Mediterranean 

Mount  St.  Elias  is  a  mount  of  flame. 
Near  the  Pacific,  in  the  Russian  claim. 

And  Po-po-cat-a-petl,  in  MexicdT 
Has  a  high  summit  covered  o'er  with  snow ; 

In  Quatimala,  Coa-a-gui' -na  piles, 
And  the  Water  Mountain  or  Volcano  boils. 


In  £q-ua-dor,  then  Co-to-pax-i  scan; 
As  high  o'er  Chili  flames  the  proud  ChU-lan . 

Heda,  in  Icelaad,  and  Vemviua  near 
Naples,  in  Italy,  the  next  appear. 
JBX-na  m  Sicily,  and  the  Strom-ho-li,  (slrom'-bo-lee') 
Just  north  of  Sicily,  bums  o'er  the  sea. 

On  the  Canary  Isles  is  Ten-nt-riffe , 
Fog-o  on  Cape-de-Verd  rears  her  high  cliflF. 
Ki-ra-uea  on  the  Sandwich  sits  sublime. 
And  from  ita  horrid  crater  pours  forth  slime. 


More  than  two  hundred  volcanoes  are 
known  to  exift  in  the  world;  one  half  of 
which  are  in  America.  But  a  great  many 
have  never  been  deuribed,  and  havj9  acarcely 
received  •  name. 

ThoM  of  Europe  and  Asia  are  mostly  on 
iilanda;  while  ibose  of  America  are  on  the 
main  land. 

They  are  distributed  ai  follows : 
Ainetica,  on  the  continent,  97 :   on  iaiands,  19. 
Europe,    on  the  continent,   1:   on  iaianda,  H; 
Asia,        on  the  continent,   6 :  on  iaianda,  S8. 
Africa,  unknown.  many. 

More  than  forty  volcanoea  are  continually 
burning  between  Cotopaxi  and  Cape  Horn. 
Equador  is  one  great  volcanic  district.  Coto- 
p&xi,  TuHBuragua,  Antuaana,  arid  Pichinca, 
are  the  principal  outlets  for  the  internal  fires. 

The  island  of  Java  u  noted  as  having  a 
greater  number  of  volcanoes  tlian  any  other 
portion  of  the  earth  of  the  same  size.  A  chain 
of  mountain*,  in  some  parts  13,000  feet  high, 
crosses  the  iiiland,  and,  in  the  eastern  part,  io 
divided  into  a  scries  of  thirty-three  separate 
volcAnoes,  most  of  which  are  m  a  high  state  o\ 
activity. 

An  eruption  of  one  of  the  largest,  in  1778, 
was  one  rf  the  most  terrible  on  record.  The 
mountain,  for  a  long  time,  was  enveloped  in  a 
cloud  of  fire.  Soon  nfter,  the  hnmcnao  mass 
Burtk  away,  and  disappeared,  carrying  vrith  it  ninety 
■quare  mile*  of  the  surrounding  country,  forty  vil- 
lages, and  Uiree  thousand  inhabitants. 

KiRAVEA,  on  Hawaii,  one  of  the  Sandwich 
iaiands,  i<  another  of  the  terrible  volcanoes;  iu 
crater  ia  seven  and  •  half  miles  in  circumference 
and  1,000  feet  deep. 


VitworOotopaxl.' 
Cotopojti  is  IkeloAiest  voleano  on  the  globe,  and  apnw 
of  Hiervptioas  kavj  been  the  moat  tremendotu.  It  is 
18,890  feet  high,  and  is  one  of  the  most  beauufu)  summits 
of  the  Ande«.  It  is  a  regidat  and  smooth  cone,  wrapped 
in  a  vesture  of  eternal  snow,  which  dasiles  in  the  ra^*  •» 
the  sun,  with  a  superior  splendor.  Some  of  its  eruptioas 
have  formed  the  moat  territc  and  sublime  scenes  the  eya 
ever  Mritneased.    The  ttames  have  been  known  to  axeaa 

5000  fret  above  th«  U^  of  the  mountain.   It  is  in  «  slal* 
reoBstaat  activity. 


d' 


^i 


TOLOAMOSS. 


65 


By  a  tanibto  «niptioB  of  Mi  7Ma?iiu  in  Urn  year  79, 
tlM  eitiM  of  HereuuBeum  aod  Pompeii  were  toUUr  oT«r- 
wkelmed  by  the  aahaa  and  lata  thrawn  ftom  thaortit«r  of 
the  Tokaaa  Thaaa  dtiaa  ilnmbered  in  lilenea  beneath  the 
congealed  maw  till  tiw  year  1750^  when  their  ntoa  wen  ac- 
ddeatally  diaeoTered  by  aomo  peaaanti  dining  in  a  tIim- 
yard  aaar  tha  livar  Santa  Sinea  when,  tuapUa,  theatna, 
■hop^  howMk  paintinci^  4k«,  hara  been  tvoucht  to  light 
H«ra  ■kelatoaa  were  ftraiid,  auuM  in  tiia  attitude  of  piayer, 
apmadaqied  togathar in eaohothir^i armband  iomawith 
th«.  traMuna  in  thak  UaOa,  m  it  trjiog  to  aflbct  thdr 


«or  MAR  hwt  maor  ■  {U^i||Llt 

In  nUrnlac  bonwr  Mflir 
■utTlng  M  'Map*  Um  raurlni  Nona, 

BU  foM  elwwiMd  in  bla  kfUMli. 
Bw*  lEaiMoae  bjr  WaodtllUd, 

lioekad  in  Mch  eiim'f  umt, 
■dll  II*  cnbtaelnc  m  Umt  dM, 

kiMmfend-- 


Mount  Etna  ia  ona  of  tha  oMaat  ToIeaaoM 
u  Um  worid,  and  hea  bad  aom*  of  tha  mod  torriMa 
■raplioaa.    One,  bi  the  year  1609,  deetooyedfi>uiteen 
town*  and  97,000  inhabitmto.    Tha  Lva  thrown 
01%  1.800  feet  wide^ 
'  ili  eoune  fcr  nma 


town*  and  17,000  inhafaitanto. 
out  tbrmad  a  p«fcet  rlvor  of  flia 
andiOfcetdaepi  and  eoniinaadi 
than  19  ■■■  lata  Ihvaaa. 


Y*<^t f*?!*!* * MMnuad  valaaaa, oa  Ike  iHaad  of 
It  i*  tfttrtjr  allaa  flroM  Ike  e«Ma,  and  t^  ftM 


laalaad. 
kJfh. 

■kaMarlabal, 
m>,dMini^i_ 

•  Im  ikan  twuqpTiUun,  aemalaing  In  ail  aboat  1^ 

ta^diMkaiff^  waaM^  b*  aaflklAi  to  ea**r  aa  arta  af 
i^wieaara 

Tie 
aaaui 


ika  MM  iiland,  bad  aa  «rapikm,  in 
Ike  nM*i  Mmbla,  in  Om  daitnia- 
-'of  lava  tkrawa  fton  iu  araMr. 


;iisssu.i'STk.'3.;3rrf  tab  s.r "  "  ■"" " 

iMMM,  or  kat  inrintaier  nuhar  waMr  TaleaaoMk 


OCEANS. 


An  aeeen  ia  a  Tail  ezlMit  of  Mna^    ' 
Or  idtjMa  water,  boondleai  and  aobUma. 

Fire  ooeiots  there  ard  found  npon  thii  ball : 
Paejfie,  first,  the  largest  of  them  all ; 
To  Ads  and  America  allied, 
JSighi  Ihoutand  long,  and  full  tw^w  tioiuand  vide. 

AUtaUie,  second,  in  the  list  surrej, 
Upon  the  west,  bound  by  America; 
While  A/riea  and  JEurope,  on  the  east, 
Heare  up  their  sea-walls  to  her  wares  of  yeast ; 
Thm  thoutmd  mU$  in  mbh—^ht  ihmuand  long, 
&i  such  a  space  the  Atlando  sings  her  song. 

The  ikd&M  (>Mas  is  the  third  in  siie,-^ 
Upon  the  north,  the  ;<l«ja^  shores  arise : 
A^utnUa  '#  east ;  wbile  4/Wc'#  west  her  tide : 
t^ow  Aouumi  kog,  and  fiill  a,n$  OoHumi  iride. 

The  Jnfare^  Oe«m  lares  the  Southern  Pole ; 
WUIe,  round  the  North,  the  ^ntfis  bOlowi  rcll: 
Asia,  and  Airope,  Korth  America, 
ynOi  Greenland,  are  tfie  boundaries  ^this  i 

i 


ThraaiwitiMoriheiDrfiMMorthaeaithancoTend 
wifli  watw,  and  tha  other  fiwith  ia  eorerad  br  the 
land. 

The  water  fcnna  five  groat  divinoaa,  called  ociias, 
TO.  the  Atlantic,  Pacific,  Aictic,  Antarctic,  and  Indian 
Ocean.  Beaide  thcae,  then  are  many  unaller  divi- 
iion%  called  leai,  lakti,  rivers,  Sec. 

Tha  Pacific  haa  an  area  eqitti  to  78,000,000 
cqnara  milee;  the  Athmtic  80,000,000;  tha  Indian 
Ocean,  19,0jM,000;  the  AnlaTctie,  10,000,000;  the 
Northern,  9,000,000. 

The  esteni  of  the  diflmnt  eeaa  are  aa  foUowa:— 
Chincee  Sea,  1,000,000 ;  Meditenanean,  8,000,000 ; 
Caribbean,  600,000;  Okotak,  600,000;  Black  Sea. 
900,000^  Red  Sea,  100,000;  Bahie,  8,0OO ;  Iiii^ 
6,JB00. 

Tha  five  gnat  ooaana  form  one  continuow  moM  of 
water. 

The  Ocean  ia  one  of  the  raUimeat  woAa  of  Na- 
ture, whether  it  be  in  a  alata  of  net,  or  atowad  br 
aleraM.  ' 

■qU  on.  ihoa  daap  and  dark  Una  Mean,  roll, 
Ten  ibMcand  deeu  eweep  over  thee  in  vaiB, 

mm  marki  lb*  earth  with  rain)  hit  control 
Stop*  inth  thy  then.    Upon  tha  watery  plaia, 

Tka  wreeka  era  aU  thy  deada.  »  r  ~-t 

•  •  •         .   •  •  a 

Thea  alorioni  mirror !  where  tb*  Aimiihtyl  Am* 


GlaaMa  itaaif  In  iemain^'ia  all  iimc,' 
OUm  o^eeaTulaed,  in  braate,  or 


leiaf  tba'Pole,  ar  in  the  Tbrrt 
DuE^Maviaa,  boandleM,  aadl 
the  iaaga  of  tta  laTiaiblal 


ernonay— 


eliane, 
^andiabliOMk 
CCWMtflkHak 


i  1 


]i 


ni* 


r 


V 


LAKES. 


Lake  of  the  Woods,  and  Rainy  Lake  are  found 

Skirting  Columbia  on  her  nortnern  bound  ; 
Then  comes  Superior,  Hvron,  and  St.  Clair, 

And  Erie  Lake,  with  one  Ontario  fair. 

'Tween  Michigan  and  state  Wisconsm  roars 
Lake  Michigan,  that  laves  the  yankee  shores. 

In  Miiine,  is  Moosekead  Lake  and  Um-ba-gog, 
With  Grand  and  Scoo'-dac  va,  the  catalojrufe. 

And  Winni-pi-eio'-ge  on.New  Hampshire  lain. 
As  Hween  Vermont  and  York  is  Lake  Champlain. 

Oneida  Lake,  Cayuga,  Seneca, 
In  New  York  state  with  Lake  O-wu-co'  lay. 

Wisconsin  hears  her  Win-ne'-ba-go  talk, 
With  St.  Croix  Lake,  Flamheqfi'  and  Tomahawk. 
Leech  Lake,  Itasca,  Devil'g  and  Ottertnil, 

In  Minnesota  with  Fox  Lake  we  hail ; 
Then  Pepin  Lake  and  Spirit  Lake  we  see, 

And  Big  Stone  Lake  ihtro  finds  a  pedigree. 
Salt  Lake  in  Utah  scours  the  Mormon  btorder. 

Where  Utah  Inxke  rolls  up  in  wild  disoriler. 

In  California  roars  Lake  Bon'-m-vUle, 
There  Turtle  Lakea  their  rolUng  waves  distiL 

In  Mexico,  Teacu-eo  and  Cha^nn'-la, 
As  Ni-car-a'-gua  lives  in  Quatamala. 

In  Vene«ucla,  Maraeayho  ywtl,    ^ 
As  TU-i-ea-ca  stands  part  m  Peru. 

In  Scotia  stand  Loch  Lummd  and  Loch  Neu, 
With  Toy  and  Ran-noch  in  their  highland  dress. 

Zu-ritA,  Lucerne  and  XeufchA-td  camhiae. 
On  Switierland's  mounts  to  feed  a  branch  of  Rhine. 
Chniiane$  is  north  of  Switwsrland's' rugged  shore^ 
ObfMva  west,  while  south  is  Lake  Jfag-giore^. 

In  Sweden,  Wpmer,  Wetter  mi  Mala/, 
Mid  wild  fantastic  scenery  take  their  fere. 
In  Russia,  Pe-i-pu»'  and  lU'-nan  bide, 
Whera  roan  O-nei'-gatatSL  Lad-o'-ga  wide.  ' 

Taha-ny  and  Bcukal  in  Siberia  roar,  (sha-ny) 
Bal'hath  is  found  upon.tbe  Tartar  shore. 

As  Afghan  hears  Lake  Durra't  wild  harangue, 
Ton-iia  in  China  keeps  with  Xa*«  Po  Vang. 

Jfelgig  and  Ahhot  Lakea,  are  in  Algiers, 
Dem-be-ah,  Lake  in  Tunis  next  appears. 
And  last  in^udan,  Tchad  Lake  finds  a  lair. 
As  Lal^e  Maravi  roars  b  Zanguebar. 


Lakai  aia  laiga  bodtts  of  flmh  watar,  Rimiindad 
bj  land,  which  lanarailj  hava  aa  outUt  'nio  aoma 
ocean,  guK  or  bay. 

The  great  chain  of  iakaa  balwean  Iba  Unitefl  Statca 
and  Uritiidi  America  diacharge  all  tboii  watoia  into 
the  ocean,  by  the  8t  Lawrence  river. 

Lake  Buperiw,  the  lar^wt  on  the  globe,  itanda  at 
the  head  of  thia  gryt  chain.  Ita  waters  are  elevated 
between  600  and  700  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  It  abounda  with  flah :  trout,  weigh- 
ing from  iiAeen  to  fiily  oounda,  are  caught  in  larM 
quantitic*.  'I'he  watera  of  thia  lake  ore  remarkaUy 
dear.— a  quality  that  pertaiiia  to  all  in  thia  chain. 
.The  Pictured  Rocks,  on  thq  auutliem  Mtorca,  are  great 
natural  curidMliea.  They  form  a  perpendicular  wall 
of  .1110  feet,  and  expend  Irora  twelve  tu  fifteen  milea 
in  length.  The  water*  of  thia  lak%ampty  into  Lake 
Huron,  by  the  8t  Mary'a  river. 

Lake  Baikal,  in  Biberiot  ia  the  largeatbodyof  frsab 
water  on  the  eaatem  c^itiiicnt 

Ladoga  and  f)neiga  arw  the  largcat  in  Europo. 

fioneva,  Neufchatal,  and  Lucerne,  are  elevated, 
among  the  Alpe,  more  than  1,200  feet.  Thtv  are 
diitinguiihccl  forpio  wiki,  romantic  charactor  «  their 
aoenery,  a  feature  that  pertains  to  all  USum  of  moun- 
tainoua  distnclsi  auch  as  thoaa  of  Norway.'Sweden, 
Finlaiid,  Soodand,  Majiira,  anti  South  America. 
Their  shorea  are  Usually  IumJ  with  daik  fonala  and 
nigged  predpicea. 

The  fcUowing  tabUr  ahowa  tha  siia.or  EMMl  af  tiw 
principal  lakea. 

»      Boropeaii  XtakM* 


Ladoga,  Ruaria.  6,3fi0 
Wanner,  Sweden,  S,1S0 
Peipuf,  RttSM*,  •  860 
Wettm,  Sweden.  860 
Mahr,  Sweden,  -  700 
Gcoev8,SwitHrlaiid,  34S 


0#.  wtBtt* 

CoDslanoa,  Swils.,  MO 

Illmai:.,       •     -  876 

Maggioia,      .      •  160 

NauSbaM,       •,  H* 

Locana,        •     ;•  100| 

Gaida,       •     •  180 


AaiatleLakM. 


Aral,     . 

Baikal, 

Palkati,. 


Lake  Tchad, 
Manvi,- 


9,930 
7,M0 
8,«I9« 


Van,       • 

Uroooriah,' 

DeadSas, 


African  Lake*. 
11  Dembca, 
TiSibfaie,    • 

Aniezioan  iMkac 


Superior,  •  -  36,000 
Huico,  -  -  XOjOOO 
Great  Bear  Lake,  ? 

Winnipeg,  -  10,000 
Slave  Lake,  •  13,000 
Midugaa,      •      18,000 


Arabaaoa, 
Erie,      • 
Ontarto,    •. 
Titicafea, 
^tcafB|aa, 


1,880 
'  760 
.    800 


8,000 

10/W9 

7,980 

tfm 


',  Mimandad 
•t  into 


UniWliStatM 
r  waton  into 

>be,  lUndi  at 
I  are  slevtled 
level  of  the 
trout,  weigh- 
ight  in  lam 
«  remarkaUy 
I  Ihia  chain. 
Drea,  are  great 
ndicular  wall 
fifteen  milea 
[>ty  into  Laka 

;bod7offfaab 

tEttTopa. 
ara  eiatratcd, 
;.  Tbi;  hie 
raietor  «l  their 
kea  of  moun- 
ir«]r, 'Sweden, 
ith  America, 
ik  fonala  and' 

fEMMtartba 


SwhB.,  MO 

.      .  S76 

.      .  IM 

.,  lift 

.     .  iOO| 


1,M0 
'  760 
.    ftOO 


M       ♦'WWIII Ml    III 


'■"■HI"     —    •* m  ^.^i^n^ 


ZSBSZ 


!!^!?~"i^*?"'»9«*>r^r« 


\ 


r, 


NIAGARA  RIVER  AND  FALLS. 


xufijuu  PAixa»  At  ran  rmaoi  tvu  amuucan  mhu 

NATUBB  has  many  waierfiilla,  «  few  cataracts — oin  NuoAHAt     Hut  atanda  aloae^  raat, 

grand,  mdeaoribablel  —  the  mighty  alembic  in  which  the  worid  of  waters  ia  refined  and  ethereal- 

isodl — ^^the  •nffoat  throqe  upon  which. Nature  aita, 

•lothed  m  the  gpriooa  attribatea  of  power  and  beattty  I 

— the  everliitmg  altar,  at  who^  ekwi-wrut  base 

the  el&nenli  pay  homage  to  OmnipoteBoef     The 

floods  that  poor  down  its  tremendous  hi4ght%  seem 

guahing  from  the  opened  heareas,  and  plunging  into 

the  depths  of  the  unfailionable  abyss!    Air  groan% 

earth  trembles  deep  oallcth  unto  deep»  and  anaweting 

thunders  iroB  up  the  vaat  empyreani    Like  a  seething 

hall  the  golf  bdbw  aends  up  the  smdce  of  its  torment* 

Mid  the  foam  of  affony  thickens  upon  the  ime  of  the 

dread  pralbund,  wfile  fiur  abore  upcm  the  rerge  ot  the 

predpieeb  nts  the  sweet  Iris — like  fiuth  upon  a  dying 
■  martyr^  brow — ^arehi^  ibt  fearful  chaam  with  ita 

outspread  arm%  aml^amiaBg  throvgh  all  the  tenon  of 

tiM  aeenei 
TUa  eataraict,  the  most  wraderful  and  Moaidng  euri- 

osi^  in  thc.natural  world,  is  formed  bv  the  precipitous 

desomt  of  the  rirer  Niooara  down  a  ledge  (^  rooln  of 
I  more  than  out  hundred  and  nxiy  feet  perpendicular 

heitfht,  into  an  d)yss  or  basiQ  b«k>w,  ot  unknown,  but 
f  pircoably  much  greater  depth.  The  river  Niagara  is 
,  that  portwn  of  the  St  Lawrence,  by  which  the  hd(ea 

Erie  and  Ontario  are  united. 
Some  idea 'of-  the  immense  quanti^  of  water  forced 


ifc!!  I'TJ'2*  ?^  '?•  *^''l?'«"  J«*  Jl''*"  of  Ntaiiia  River  and  F«ll».  la  laktil  (Urn  "  hwa'a  ToOTnar-a  r!o>i»Ario»"i  a  work 
i^ii^'SJ*'''  'lL''l-'5*  <*?■"•*>»  °f  •!">'«"».  *»»»  o'  N«f ire.  The  tfrnruoft  and  Outriprttt  Uknl  ot  tfae  lutlwr,  u  wID  be  nen 
fe*  <tM  Aw  «aitaeta  iwrc  fiven,  ara  in  tail  kaepint  wUh  die  (uUUntty  aiid  Unuty  of  Mi  auldeet 


■K 


Wi 


, 


1 


/ 


68 


NIAOABJL  RITEA  AND  FALLa 


BMUOB  TO  BATH  OLAND. 

I  over  the  falls  of  Niagara,  may  be  formed  from  tho  fact,  that  the  Wtern  and  tribntwie*  which  nm\j 
the  river  Nuigora,  cover  a  surface  of  not  lew  than  one  hundred  and  filly  thousand  tquare  miles; 
and  contain,  aa  nearly  as  can  be  estimated,  about  one  hulf  of  all  ihe  frenh  water  on  the  globe. 

Niagara  i  ivcr  is,  in  its  whole  »>une,  quite  in  kee]|}iii^  with  the  stupfjiJouj?  cataract  fnim  which 
lift  princi.nal  interest  in  derived.  There  is  nothing  uaigiuticHnt,  nothing  piUtry,  nothing  common- 
place about  it,  from  the  lukc  Ln  which  ito  vast  floods  have  birth,  to  thitt  which  they  supply.  It  is 
every  where  grand,  mighty,  njid  majestic.  When  sprciid  to  the  diiw-nwons  of  a  little  sea,  it  has 
no  resemblance  to  a  shoul;  and-^hcn  cdntractcd  U»  the  bre«»dth  of  «  creek,  it  seenu  to  posseaa  the 
power  of  on  ocean.  The  very  interruptions  it  meets  with  in  ita  wny,  seem  placed  there  only  to 
exhibit  the  immensity  of  its  force.  The  basin  which  receives  its  prodiLaoua  far-falUns  volume, 
resembles  an  abyss  ■^nihout  bounds  to  its  capacity;  and  the  ccuupressed  channel  throucn  which  it 
then  flows,  seems  to  have  opened  its  rock-bound  bnaks  to  an  imprisoned  sea,  that  would  Lave  burst 
a  passage,  hud  escape  been  denied. 

Ifaking  a  Sharp  angle  at  the  Falls,  it  rolls  on 
through  oeaulaful  curves,  in  an  almost  strdght  di- 
rection ibr  about  two  miles ;  then  wmds  gracefully 
off  to  the  left,  and  passing  through  a  succession  of 
noble  bends,  nishes,  vniq^  impetuous  and  uacoo-  ^ 
trdlable,  into  the  Whirlpool,  where,  like  a  baffled 
Titan  sttug^ling  with  his  bonds,  it  rages  and  plimges 
round  the  impenetrable  barriers  that  hem  it  m;  and 
at  last,  having  gathered  anew  its  mighty  energies, 
nishes  headlong  oc  in  a  fresh  directi<m,  and  bovmds 
awOT,  free,  feaneia.  and  triumphant 

(jontinuing  in  its  new  course — having  turned  less 
than  a  right-angle  —  but  a  short  distance,  it  roOs 
away  graauafly  to  the  west,  and  having  gained  its 
finrner  direction,  hurries  on,  inclining  now  (o  the 
right,  and  again  bending  to  the  left— nere  madd«a^d  by  restrami;  and  then  tMothed  by  e^xuMJon, 
to  the  end  of  the  mountain-plttn,  from  the  gaming  jaws  ci  which  it  rushes  angrily  fortli,  but  soon 
recovering  the  serenity  of  iti  na^ve  seai^  and  no  longer  chafed  or  eriraced,  it  flows  quietlr  fod 
smoothly  on,  through  gentle  curres  and  weobg  banks^  to  the  sweet  lake  whose  aaH  embrace  it  has 


OOTUtT  or  THB  WOnUJNXMr-OAMAIM, 


Ti 

f< 

ii 

o 

SI 

m 
II 


mm  M  , 


i^r 


■«" 


ms 


kh  tnmiy 
laranuIM; 
globe, 
rum  which 
;  conunon- 
iply.  It  is 
sea,  it  has 
poHwn  the 
)ro  onl  J  to 
ig  v<daise, 
'h  whioh  it 
have  bunt 


lDA 


'e^MOHon, 
h,  but  soon 
qvietlr  fod 
jnooithM 


MIAOARA  RIV2R  AND  FALLa 


69 


Mb  iMllMn  taWn  M  »if|MM«  MkN  k  ML 


ooroe  to  br,  and  encountered  ao  nraob,  to  meet,  snd  b  whose  peaoeftiil  boaom  it  finaDT  ainki  to 
repose. 

llie  Oatanet  is  made  up  of  three  distmot  Ms.  The  Great  Horse-Shoo  Fall  is  between  Iris 
Islaod  and  the  Canada  nhora  The  Oenteal  Fall  is  between  Iris  Island  and  Luna  Island.  The 
Amiirioan  Fall  is  between  Luna  Island  and  the  ....nerican  shore. 

The  Cave  of  the  Winds  is  back  ot,  or  be&kd  the  Central  FalL  Reascend  the  slc^ng  bank  to 
the  Central  Fall,  and  the  Cave  of  the  Winds  is  before  you.  At  the  entrance,  tou  pause  to  look 
up  at  the  projecttit'T  clifl^  and  the  spnritling  torrent  that  shoots  off  far  above,  fiilling  fiur  over,  aad- 
fiu-  bdow  you  ;  and-  down  ut  tlie  piles  of  rock  hei^ied  up  around,  and  the  foam  and  the  spnqr 
springing  to  light  and  .loveliness  from  the  rock-wave  concussion.  The  mightiest  throes  give 
iHrtit  to  the  most  beautiful  thiun  ;  and  thus  the  ranibow  was  bom  of  the  deluge. 

You  are  on  the  steps  dMc^uAng-  into  the  cavern.  The  majesty,  the  sulll  •\y  of  the  scene 
cannot  escape  your  nwie^  an,  you  will  feel  what  I  find  it  impossible  to  Ci^yyce.  A  Wall  ^f 
rock  rises  frowning  on  one  side  ;  the  falling  sheet  arches  the  other.  You  «kje  it  leap  fi:m 
the  cliff  far  abov^  and  lash  the  rooks  far  below.  You  seem  between  two  eternities  with  a 
ffluat  mvstery  before  you,  wiiose  secrets  are  about  to  be  revealed.  What  a  momen  -  is  this  1 
From  the  vast  cavern  into  which  you  are  passing,  comtss  the  sound  of  a  thousand  stonna. 
You  hear  the  mad  winds  raging  around  the  walls  of  their  imprisonment,  nnd  mingling  their 
fearfid  roar  with  the  reverbumttog  thunders  of  ^e  -catarsct !  The  spray  falls  thick  around 
you,  and,  almost  overpowered  w:ih  intense,  emotion,  you  hasten  on,  descend  the  steps,  reach 
the  bottom,  instinctjvsfy  retire  from  the  rushing  waters,  and,  having  gained  the  centre  and  back 
of  die  cave,  pause  to  look  around.  .You  seem  all  eyes,  all  ears,  3l  soul  1  You  are  m  the 
sublime  sanctuair  of  Nature—Har  wonderfjl  and  fearful  mysteries  are  abo^e,  beneath,  and 
around  you.  Qod  b  Infinite,  you  are  nothing  !  This  is  fiOs  trmpie,  you  are  His  worshiper  I 
It  is  impossible  in  such  a  place  to  be  ureverent    Tho  proudest,  here  is  meek  ;  the  haughtiest, 


i 


I 


/— ^ 


i 


70 


NIAGARA  RITBR  AKD  FAUA 


Z-     /;^p^^-5.-^mto^ 


4 

\        ■   / 


^-C     v^. 


humble  ;  wd  tb»  loWert,  lowly.  The  rights  wid  ■oundi  thai  oroi^d  upon  tout  gaie.  and  fill 
your  eaw,  will  be  remembered  to  the  ktert  day  of  tout  life  ;  nor  witt  the  emotiona  that 
■well  your  boeom  and  thrill  your  Teiy  ioul,  be  erer  forgotten. 

Tm  Sc8P«HeioH  Bamoi,  two  and  a  half  nulea  below  the  Falh,  apana  «ie  immenle  «hani 
of  Niacarti  River,  and  eenrea  an  a  connecting  link  between  two  grsat  na&ooB. 

Thio  stupenduouB  work  was  ewnmenced  in  February,  1848,  under  the  aupeimtendenoe  of 
CfumM  Eli«t,  jr.,  of  Philadelphia,  and  finidied  d«ing  that  year.  ^     ^     ^    _,   ,   ^      _,  . 

The  lenirth  of  thia  wonderful  fiibrio,  fiom  tower  to  tower,  is  eight  hundred  feet  It  H 
twelve  feeJ  wide,  two  hundred  and  thirty  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  nver,  and  caoahle 
of  auataining  a  weight  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  tona.  It  certainly  B  a  tnumph  of  art  There, 
over  the  raging  element,  it  himgB,  gorgeous  and  sublime,  as  a  fit  associate  and  companion  & 

the  mighty  stream  it  croeaea  .»,,,.,  .      ^.      ,i.        *#jj 

Thoimmense  wire  cables,  eight  in  number,  thai  look  like  an  mverted  ndnbow  of  faded 
eolora;  the  strong  towers  over  which  they  are  suspended;  the  solid  fr  *e«un«8  m  the  rooks  at 
each  end;  the  tWck  heavy  planking  that  trembles  at  the  lightest  brt  ?*  md  undulates ^nerth 
our  foot^ps,— combined  with  the  sullen  roar  of  the  savage  strea  .  beneath  us,  and  the 
giddy,  painfiJ  he'ghfto  whitli  we  are  suspended,  inspire  i:a  with  ihe  highest  enMtiona  of 

awe  and  sublimity.  .,,'..       v         ,      ^  i      _.!— 

There  b  another  bridge  of  mach  greater  length,  though  o<  l'*  elevation,  now  m  pw«««» 
of  builchng,  six  mUes  and  a  half  below  this,  at  Lewiston,  deaiffv^d  to  connect  this  nllag* 
T/ith  Queenston,  on  the  Canada  side.  Its  length  between  towre^  m  some  fourteen  hunifred 
feet,  and  will  form,  when  complete,  amrther  great  highway  betwecii  u&rmda  and  th«  UiMed 
Slates.         '  '  ' 


L 


•  Fram  fiiirka'f  Qnide.  to  Niasm  Fslls. 


" 


t 


fe'v.< 


;aie,aad  fill 


tondenoe  of 

feet  It  it 
and  cwpahle 
art  Then, 
>inpanioii  SI 

m  of  faded 
the  roclu  at 
uli^es  'ueath 
IS,  and  the 
eokotiona  of 

r  k  prooeaa 
I  Uiia  village 
sen  hundred 
I  the  United 


" 


MINNESOTA. 


ynw  Of  TBI  VALLS  or  n.  joitbokt. 


Tbu  TmuTOBT  ia  boonded  on  the  North  by  Canada  West,  on  the  EMt  bv  Lake  Sn- 
periOT  and  Wiaoonsn,  on  the  South  by  Iowa,  and  on  the  Weat  by  the  Riven  Miaaouri  and 
White  Earth,  harinff  an  area.olT  100,000  aquare  milea.  It  comprisea  all  that  portion  of  countiy 
■tuatid  at  Uie  heaa  waters  of  MiaasaipjM,  Lake  Superior,  and  many  of  the  northern  branchea  m 
the  Ifiaaouri  River,  '^'he  &ce  of  the  country  is  no  where  broken  by  mountain  chains,  although 
many  portions  are  highly  elevated,  conaistinflr  of  temeoK  plaUau  or  table-land,  which  sends  ou^ 
from  inexhaustible  reservoin,  some  of  the  lar^^  'streams  on  the  &oe  of  the  fflobe.  But  the 
greater  pacrt  of  this  country,  conaisti  of  rolling  prairie,  oak  openings,  with  roreets  of  pine^ 
ti^m^'^V,  beeob,  and  the  sugar-maple.  In  thea«  immense  uncultivated  districts,  are  found  all 
kinds  of  wild  game  :  tiicre  is  the  Dear;  the  fox,  the  large  grey  wolt^  the  deer,  and  the  antelope. 
Als(^*the  wild  goose,  the  duck,  and  prairie  hen.  Pigetms  in  vast  swarms  likewise  abound  in 
iheae  fi»ests. 

No  oountty  in  the  world  has  a  greatnr  number  of  rivers,  lakes,  and  tarings,  than  Ifinnesota. 
Besides  the  MUssippi  and  its  innumeraBle  branches,  here  the  swolon  flcrad  of  the  Ifiaaouri 
finds  a  supply.  Here  the  mighty  St  Lawrence,  with  its  wide-spread  lakes,  has  its  origin.  And 
from  tliese  regidmv  Winnip^,  Lnke  of  the  Woods,  and  Rainy  Lake  draw  their  waters.  Ilieae 
waters  are  wdl  stocked  with  fish,  that  fnmiah  the  wild  Indian  and  adventuroua  i^neer  with 
food. 

.  The  lands  are  all  well  ad^ted  to  agriculture ;  barley,  oats,  wheat,  and  potatoes,  are  pro- 
duced b  abundance.    The  strawberry,  ra^beny^  bladlbeny,  and  bluebeny  grow  spootane-^j 
ouriy,  of  a  large  size  and  an  excellent  quality. 

lWeler%  vuitinff  this  Territory,  aU  speak  in  the  moat  ecthuaiastio  terms,  of  its  piotvraaqua 
scenery,  of  its  k>v«y  lakes,  i^arUing  and  cool  ^tings,  its  Ms  and  oaacade%  its  healthy  and 
bradng  climAte,  and  of  Uie  strange  superstitions  of  the  ontotored  Bed  Man  that  atiU  roaans 
over  ita  wildemeasesi 

Tbi  Faxxs  or  St.  AvrBOBT,  nnk  as  first  amcog  the  cuzkaitioi  ci  this  Territory.    Tha  Mb- 


W 


m" 


I 


/ 


«■ 


i ' 


"    }  ■ 


72 


MINNESOTA. 


iiiappi  Riftr  ti  the  fiJla,  b  691  jarda  wid«,  and  ia  divided  into  two  an«qual  ohAuneb  by 
CaUraot  laland,  which  extenda  a«Tenl  roda  abore  u4  below  tha  FaUa^  baTing  a  width  of 
about  one  hundred  yardx 

Thi  view  on  page  71  repraaenta  the  Eastern  channel,  aa  it  appeared  in  a  atate  of  nature. 
A  dam  haa  recentfy  been  vtnwn  aoroaa  to  Cataract  laland,  ao  Uiat  the  beauty  of  the  fall  ia 
dnitroyed. 

The  fall  of  the  Western  ehaand  ban  met  with  a  atill  worae  fiite.  The  whole  Umestone  rock, 
over  which  the  waters  poured  in  one  unbroken  sheet,  and  behind  which  travoiera  walked  in 
sAfcty,  haa  lately  broken  away,  so  that  the  waten  now  run  dowb  an  inclined  plane,  itiatcad 
of  driving  over  a  precipice. 

The  frUl  of  water,  in'^either  channel,  ia  not  more  than  20  or  35  feet,  and  ia  aublime, 
only  when  taken  in  connection  with  the  rough,  savage  scenery  around 

Ht.  Paui.,  the  capital,  and  largest  town  In  the  Territory,  is  situated  on*the  North  or  left  bank 
of  the  Mi«sissippi,  8  miins  below  the  Falls  of  8t  Anthony,  and  827  miles  by  water  from  Ualona  in 
lUinoiii  It  hua  a  population  of  over  1200  inhabitant^  and  ia  doubtless  destined  to  bo  a  large 
and  Important  city. 

St.  ANTifONT,  at  the  Falls,  ia  situated  on  the  East  side  of  the  river,  and  ia  fiut  advancing 
in  population  and  importance.  It  haa  an  excellent  water  power,  healthy  location,  and  will,  doubt- 
less, be  a  place  of  fashionable  reaort 

Mendota,  three  miles  above  St  Paul,  on  the  opposite  aide,  ia  a  amall  tltough  important 
Tillage,  from  its  being  at  tl»o  mouth  of  the  St  Peters  River. 

Fort  SNiixiifo,  directly  across  the  St  Peters,  from  Mendota,  ia  situated  on  a  high  blvft 
The  Military  Reservation  here,  embraces  about  100  square  miles. 

Kapobu,  an  Indian  village  on  the  West  bank  of^  the  Miaaia(ripi4  and  five  mile*  baknv  St 
Paul,  has  a  population  of  300  souls. 

Stillwater,  at  the  head  of  Lake  St  Croix,  ia  18  mile*  by  atags  irou  St  Paul  It*  pn|nd»- 
tion  is  about  1000. 

PsHBMA,  about  the  size  of  Stillwater,  is  attuated  oa  Red  Birer  in  latitude  40'  It  ia  the  noil 
Borthera  town  m  tin  Territory. 

Pilot  Khob,  262  feet  above  low  water,  in  the  Miaataappi,  k  a  oonuMnding  ediineBM  two 
nilea  from  the  mouth  of  St  Petera  Idrer. 

MAinaK'a  Rocs,  or  Lover'a  Lei^  is  a  hisk  pronumtory,  on  the  Eaat  ade  of  Lake  Pepia 
Here  a  beautiful  Indian  maiden,  it  ia  said,  beinff  compelled  to  many  agidnat  her  will,  threw 
henelf  down  upon  the  xocka  beneath,  and  waa  picket.    i.p  a  lifeleaa  oorae. 

FouireAzir  Oavb,  so  called  from  a  rivulet  ot  diure  water  that  flowi  throogh  i(»  ii  atiuted 
Bear  tlM  bank  of  the  Misaiaaipjri,  two  and  a  hiuf  milea  above  St  PwiL  It  le  100  feet  ]$B|^ 
SO  wide,  and  compoeed  of  white  aand-atone,  reaembling  8ugur-loa£ 

pAnrein  Book,  two  milea  above  Stillwater,  on  the  St  Oroit  River,  ia  a  high  predpiee^  tm 
Hie  b»i  of  which  are,  carved  and  nainted,  numerooa  iniage%  figure^  and  UieruglTpluea.  TUe 
plaoo  k  hdd  in  much  veneratiaii  by  ue  Indiana. 


•I 


! 


ji^iMtmimikt^imimiftirm 


HW 


■• 


•1 


CALIFORNIA. 


CALIFORNIA,  u  coded  to  the  United  States  by  Meiico,  ii  bounded  by  Orrf/on  on  the 
North,  the  I{«>ckjr  Mountain!  on  the  Eaat,  Mexico  on  tlio  South,  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  on 
the  Wc«t;  compriMn^  an  area  of  400,000  nquaro  miles. 

THE  STATE  Ot  CAMFORNIA  embraces  ncnrly  one  half  of  this  t«rritory,  or  alvrnt 
180,000  square  miles;  consiMting  of  a  largo  extent  of  land,  bordering  on  tlio  Pocilio  for  800 
miles,  havmg  a  uniform  width  of  about  aao  miles;  and  reaching  from  Oregon  on  the  North, 
to  Mexico  on  the  South.  o  o 

Tiia  Gold  Rkoiom  is  that  portion  which  lies  in  the  Valleys  of  the  Sncrnmento  and  San 
Joaqum  llivcrs  ;  where  a  greater  quantity  and  abundiuico  of  the  preeioua  nietnl  has  been 
procured,  than  m  any  other  part  of  the  known  world.  The  gold  is  found  hero  in  its  virgin 
8tat.%  m  three  distinct  deposits;  IsV— in  the  sand  and  gravel  beds;  2d— mixed  with  decomposed 
granite  rock;  and,  3d— mixed  with  taieote  slate. 

Tui  CuMAM  of  California  varies  very  much  in  different  parts.  In  the  Valley  of  San  Juan, 
It  IS  said  to  be  that  of  a  paradise,  mild,  healthy,  and  serene.  While  in  the  Valleys  of  .Sacra- 
inento  and  San  Joaquin,  it  is  subject  to  great  extremes  of  heat  and  cold.  Tho  year  is  di- 
vided into  two  seasons— tho  teet  and  the  dry.  Tho  former  commences  in  December  and  con- 
tuues  till  March;  the  latter  htsts  during  the  remainder  of  the  year. 

Whether  or  not  tho  soil  and  climate  of  California  ore  adapted  to  agricultural  purpo8o^  is  a 
ouestion  of  much  controversv.  Wilkes  gives  it  as  his  opinion,  that  the  amount  of  arable  land  in 
this  portion  of  California,  will  not  exceed  12,000  square  miles;  though,  by  tho  process  of  irriga- 
tion, he  thinln  it  would  prove  exceedingly  productive. 

A*  to  the  salubrity  of  the  Climate,  it  may  justly  bo  remarked,  that  in  no  part  of  the 
world,  could  men  expose  thcmse'ves  so  much  to  the  hardships  of  toil  and  depnvation.  and 
suffer  less  from  th«  effects,  than  in  California 

The  population  at  the  present  time,  numbers  as  high  as  800,000  ;  and  it  is  made  up  of 
tlj«  most  heterogeneous  and  motley  mass  of  human  beings,  of  any  other  country  under 
heaven.  Her^  every  language  is  sf^oken;  and  here,  after  a  lapse  of  thousands  of  years,  tha 
noise  and  confusion  of  Babel  is  again  heard.  Here  are  men  of  every  profession  and  trad»— 
of  every  rank  and  oradition  b  life.  Here  are  rich  and  poor,  learned  and  unlearned;  and, 
contranr  to  every  other  country,  the  true  nobOity  are  those  that  dig  th«  dirt.  And  if  this 
noble  democratio  principle  will  last,  then  California  will  have  produced  a  comer-stone  for  the 
monument  of  true  democracy,  that  will  do  more  to  oommemorate  her  fame   tlmn  the  golden 

mu       T  ^*  ®'**"  Nievada,  to  adorn  the  monument  of  Columbia's  honored  Son. 

The  oinly  good  harbors  of  California,  remarks  Wilkes  are  San  Diego,  Son  Francisco^  and 
Bodega.  There  are  besides  several  me,>*  cads,  which  have  been  used  as  anchorages  during 
tiie  summer  season,  via.:  the  Bays  of  Monterey,  San  Pedro,  and  Ranta  Barbara.  San  Dieiro 
ta  the  most  Southern  port  b  the  State,  and  is  believed,  by  Bayard  Taylor,  to  be  the 
best  on  the  Pacific  coast,  witli  the  exception' of  Accapulco,  in  Mcxica 

Bodega  Ilea  to  the  North  of  San  Francisco  mnety  miles,  and  ia  of  less  importan  »  than 
either  <tf  the  others.  '^ 

From  California  Sacramento  'a  rolled, 

Southward  and  west;  through  rcginia  rich  wUti  goUL 

To  Sacramento  drives  San  Jo-a-quin, 

Ita  course  north  westward  on  the  map  is  seea 


(7») 


1 

I 


■ 


ht'  tk»  mMtk  impor\arA  Mvr  in  U« 
".•m.^  laiitaiUit  nn  •  bay  sf  Ux  •>«• 
M.  In  ^  •oDinMurcUl  poiotuf  >i«v, 
ttiM  eit/  bkla  ftir  of  b«iomlii(  U>«  am- 
porfboa  of  Um*  UwU,  tk«  ooairuarM^  kiul 
th*  wwklUi,  of  th«  VMM  pMiile.  WtlK  » 
niliMwl  eunnvcting  it  with  \h»  AtUntin. 
It  wouk!  doubtl*^  t*k«  rmak  Amuug  tha 
flrateiti«sof  th*  globe 

Saokanbito  Oitt,  'Jm  Meond  town 
in  aiM  tod  ImportuM,  li  MtuatMl  ii 
tha  S«cnun«uto  Rivor  ;  by  an  tnuDiJa- 
Uon  of  which,  it  waa  onca  naarl^  da- 
atroyaiL  A  lo»aa  liaa  itxiantJy  H*«»o 
tkmwn  up,  for  th«  purpoae  of  prota«l- 
ing  it  from  furthar  encroacl'mau^ 

SuTTBi,  luunad  is  hocor  of  (Hpt. 
Suttar,  and  aituatail  ^  »*>•  •"»•<•  «'  »•• 
Tigation  ou  tha  Skenun«iiU>,  ia  notad  aa 
tha  point  from  which  tha  roaila  iaaue 
kMding  to  tha  Northarn  minaa 

V  nutoM,  at  tha  juuetion  of  the  Baen- 
manto  and  KnaUicr  lUvam,  ia  •  U>wu  of 
aoma  importanoa  fh>in  tha  eoootiy 
arjuad  it. 

Btooktoii,  tha  cou  mareial  dapot  for 
tha  Southern  mlnaa,  ia  aituatad  ob  tlia 
water*  uf  tha  Ban  Joaqnin. 

ALTcao,  at  tha  head  of  tha  Baj  of 
San  Fnuieiaco,  ia  aituatad  in  one  of  tha 

moat  failila  diatiieto  of  Oalifomia. 

I 

Among  other  towna  of  note,  may 
be  mentioned  Saw  Joaa,  tha  praaawi 
Capital  of  the  State,  and  aituatad  near 
the  Southern  extramitj  of  tha  Bay  «f 
Bail  Franciaeo. 


UTAH,  or  lb*  dirtrlet  of  Ih.  QaaAT  «*»_  l.iiia.  «IM  .!«.  ""•»«;. '•■''''•"li.V^S  Mo'?^!!?  h7r."^S»iIhid  uMlS! 
llBCor  Iha  RMl  Oy«rl«na  Rome  lo  California.  Ii  li  hmt  ih«  iliorei  of  ihli  ltk«,  ih«i  tha  Mormon»  h»«  •auoiun.a  umwmtm. 
rr*m  ihto  pUe*  !•  ih*  Gold  R«|i»ni,  *•  Jouriwy  requlrsi  fonr  five  Atj;  wlih  wagon*.  ^^  .i._.^ 

M^i  irkTou  watan  af  whltli  ara  »ar»  aall  ami  blliar,  la  alKiut  «BT«nty  mile*  loi«,  and  from  forty  Co  flxty  WW*  i  l)#ln«  •»▼«•• 
JS^trn'Sm  IbS??  The  toiil  Jf  tha  «a  Soma  of  <ia  landa  around'  ihia  Uka  ara  aiiramaly  farUI.,  wWI.  otkara  ar.  barrta. 
Baar  Rlwr,  aoipiyiog  ia  from  tba  North,  la  azeaadlntly  cold  "«>  "•.''•"l*"",'r  .„,.,  „,  .^^  J,^^,  -,,,, 

Utah  Uka,  ihawaMraaf  wUek  ara  fraah,  amptlaa  Into  Salt  Uka,  br  «ha  channal  of  Uia  Utah  RW 

Tha  aoUw  baaia  1  Um  araat  Salt  Uka,  or,  mora  oroparly,  tha  tarrliory  of  "'•»>.«»'"?"•«  an 


" 


KANSAS. 


Ki  NSAl,  •••  «f  IM  >•*  TMMra  RUtM,  Ijlng  M*Mn  IT* 
•ml  40>>  N.  lal., '  M  h«t«'Mii  at'  ut  »«■  lu  »n<r  im*  W.  km. 
About  IIIO<n!)<M  ni  tiM  W.  portion  llM  Ixtirwn  IK*  Mid  «(>•'  H.  IM. 
Il  Ir  iMaiid*  I  21  tM  N.  I>7  N«bi«  l>»  T»ii.  irf  ;  an  th*  K.  ''V 
th«  maM  of  UxMiirl  I  oD  ibe  R.  b/  ch«  lD<1l*n  T«fili«rr  twt 
N*»  M<>lo>i  kc'')  W.  ^  N*«  MciicoMMl  Utah.  ThI*  Htau  la 
kbwul  A}0  uiIIm  'n  l«i|th,  ftun  R,  ta  W  ,  iitiil  !IM  i«  tin  kIiImi. 
•atl  IN  id  lU  W.  |Mirl,  Ineludlng  M  art*  of  iiMily  114./^'* 
mnar*  mllM.  Th«  li»<  ky  Moaotalna  wparat*  II  (ruin  Via 
»sd  III*  Mlwrarl  Hlttr  A.rnit  «  imkll  (>«rl  of  lb«  N.  E.  botin 
dart, 

fW«  ■/  Ikt  I'ltmtrf.—Xt*  fn-e*  of  tha  munirr  !•  naartjr  unl- 
htm  ttum  tba  Mtala  Una  to  tha  haaa  of  tlio  nountalna,  bvluu 
oaa  aoniliiuxl  filaeaMlnn  or  (aiitir  uadulallna  rlilaaa  •ail 
Tallajpa  i  Iha  irnaral  Inoltnatliin  of  ilia  rlil|p>«  It  N.  auJ  It.,  r..ul 
Ihajara  th'«iiii  l.ilo.Tarl"ut  otitar  lilrantlima  br  Iha  eoiina  of 
Iha  atr'*in«  ami  Iha  con'uratalloii  of  lh«  rallaya.  Tlir  llril 
dlilrloi  •arlx  In  atldlh  from  HU  to  'MM  iull<t«.  Tli«  Hc<in<l  illi- 
trl<it  wparatMl  r  >iin4hii  HrA  by  a  u>r.;iniii  Mil  of  IIX)  jrsrila  In 
Willie,  rraHQtn  1"  Ilia  rya  a  •urfara  aiiuarantly  of  laiiil,  but 
aurarol  <-lth  graMaa  'n<l  ruthaa,  »>|>a<'lally  In  ma  vallayi  *A<I 
ballawa,  vbara  (raaa  >•  abumtaivi  •l>iiln|  Iba  whula  laaioii. 
ThI*  illalrlfll  aitanda  from  Haniiy  ('■•">k  W.  about  UO  nillaa. 
Tha  Ibin]  dia'rht,  a  iiarri".  Irragiilar  ImIi,  la  a  formation  of 
utarl  and  aaflh;  llnia<t<in«  vuiluuail  S.  imm  Nabraika.  In 
tbiadutrlcl  occur  IhiK*  i  <<  ullar  furniatlona  eallad  "hiitiaa," 
rarylni  la  «  Uh  fTnni  HI.)  fkat  to  aararal  bumlrad  yanlo.  with 
flat  •ur'Wiaa.  «iiil  nearly  "arpuudlcular  ildaKiaiiparaiitly  formed 
k/  tlia  «iibalil«naa  of  tha  luri oui  ding  iaad.  Ti.a  Aiurih  illatrlol 
la  eomrwhal  tlmllar  to  tba  fliit,  at  laaal  along  tha  baaa  of  tha 
lIlMk  Hllla.  whara  II  haa  barn  anrli  bait  tm  agaa  by  tba  dabria  , 
but  Iharr  li  mora  wood  n^>a  II.  Tlia  C.  portlou  K  paatoral, 
but  tba  W.,  akl'tlng  tha  hllla,  trrHla,  flnaly  timbarad  ud 
vatarail.  abiK'.pdlQg  lu  cama,  wild  fTulta  and  (lowara.  Th< 
flfth  dlHr'ol.  eoaupyl  <g  tha  apnea  batwtan  Iha  Black  Hllla  aii' 
tba  Haaky  MauaUt\ua,  piaaania  avary  f  trial/  of  hill  ami  dnl' 
mouBlaln  ami  vallajr,  irarariMd  by  rUalata,  and  »lorn»l  win 
Ukaat  W.  o'  ibla  iooeaada  >  alarlla  a>|>aiiiia  of  many  oillaa. 
•uvarad  witit  waring  Itnaa  <i.'  miviI,  and  aurroandad  by  paaki 
of  bara  granlta ;  thara  a.a,  hnwaTar,  loma  rich  f allaya,  and  Iha 
hollow  niurmar  of  rWcleta  may  !>•  haard  bauaath  yonr  faal. 
Tha  flral  dlatrlc^  It  anrWallad  In  ftrtlllly,  and  haa  valuabla  for- 
aat  trao>.  'naludlng  hlaaory,  aah,  walnut,  ami  iitaar-nuipla,  but 
II  la  n<.>  ulla  ar>  wall  tlwlierad  aa  tha  countrr  In  tha  •«  i«  ranga 
in  t!  iri.  Tba  rallay  of  tha  Kanaaa  la  Kara  frco;  jil  to  iO 
mllai  it.  haaa  da«p  alluTlum,  and  la  Tary  product  Ira.  Tha 
f  allay  of  Iha  Mlaaouri  li  of  a  almllar  obaraotar.  Uatwfan  lh<> 
Nabraakaaod  flatta  Hirari,  taya  Profrti*  Jamaa,  the  nurftwa 
of  tha  oo'intry  preaanta  a  oominuad  luoci-  '<i,  of  taull  roumlail 
hllla,  baoiuulof  Urger  aa  you  approach  t)>«  Irara.  Vha  toll  la 
dean  and  rapoaea  ou  hadi  of  arglllaemiuaaandatoDa  and  nAnnda- 
ry  ItmaaioDa.  Th*  »«coiid  illiirlcl  la  underlaid  by  ianiMtona  ; 
tha  baala  of  tha  thlnl  U  not  known,  nor  la  that  of  Hit  Ibarth  and 
fifth.  Cual  It  ballaTi>l  to  eiUt  plaotlflilly  In  tha  last  two,  aa 
Willi  aa  an  Jibandant  lupiilyof  watar-nowar. 

Kw<ra.— 'The  rlrart  toliowlngtha  daellnattoB  of  Iba  eoontry 
all  hara  an  R.  i;v  8.  E.  ao'irta,  with  tha  axeaptlou  of  tuniaof 
tha  tinaller  Irtbular'at.  Tha  Mlaaonrl  ^)^nu  tha  N.  R.  boun- 
dary through  n«jarly  a  dagraa  of  latltuda,  with  but  little  raria- 
tlon  to  tha  W.,  thongb  with  nany  wlndloga.  Tha  Kaiuaa,  tba 
largaai  rlrer  whoaa  aonn*  It  moaily  within  the  State,  iolot  the 
Hlaaourl  Jutt  before  thia  rlrer  antart  the  fltate  of  MItaourl. 
Inaladinc  Ita  main  braneht*,  the  Rapubliaau  and  Smoky  Hill 
^rkt,  It  haa  a  ooarta  of  from  MC  to  lOJO  mli«*  Tha  latter 
rnat  nearly  throogb  the  mliMle^f  the  Hula  in  a  "atlan  a  lit- 
11^  N.  of  R.  TheJiepubllcaa  Fork  rliei  In  the  .^.  W.  of  Ktn- 
aaa,  bat  toon  panaaa  Into  Nabraaka,  whieh  U  trareraee  for  from 
MM  to  3<W  nillea,  when  It  ratorna  to  Kanaaa,  and  |olna  the 
■aioky  Hill  Fork  in  about  lat.  tit*  10'  N.,  and  Ion.  M"  40'  W. 
Tba  Oaaga  ritae  orar  07*  W.  Ion.,  H.  of  the  Kaniaa,  and  rnm 
E.  into  Ifltaoari.  Tha  Arkanaaa  rlMt  on  tha  W.  boundary,  and 
hat,  with  Iba  axeaiiUon  of  aalUht  bead  into  New  Melico,  about 
half  lie  aanrN  In  tliii  Blaia.    The  Naoaho,  tha  rerdlgrla,  and 


Iha  l.'ltia  ^rkanaaa  are  lla  principal  Irlbutarlet  from  Rtntaa, 
all  lu  Iha  !•   K.  |«nloa.    Tha  little  <'aa«a  an4  llarniamn  hare 

lliair i.-M  In  thIa  Stale.     The  ritil*  liaa  Ita  origin  la  Iha 

N.  Ill  Kanaaa,  and  ran<  V  Into  Nabraaka,  Mtaaiiil>»aia  tacand 
Iha  Kanaaa  to  Fort  Kllay,  and  ihaUrkanaaa,  at  high  waiar,  lUU 
mlUa  within  Iha  .iiata.  Tha  rlrara  In  ganaral  havi  broad,  ihal- 
low  bailt,  which,  In  dry  taaaunt,  form  llitla  mure  than  a  tarlet 
of  iHiula. 

initfit  If/  hutrm  la  T>HirMff.— Prnmlnanl  among  Ihate 
•lamla  I'Ika  t  I'aak,  near  Iha  W.  borilar  of  KanaM,  whli>n  aoari 
lor  a  aallmalad  tialghl  of  li.iiOII  daai.  and  la  alwaya  covara  I 
•  III  •now,  Tha  utual  rarlaty,  that  nharaclarlitia  niiMinlalmiiia 
ragloiii.  nf  gorge,  iiraciplra.jiaaa,  |H-ak,  <allay,  ami  eaaaaila,  la 
haraxliilill'xl,  Tlie  Hiuth  Pafk  la  a  Uaullful  naliirai  anclu- 
aure,  i.si<«r«<l  with  graaa  and  aurruundd  by  mount  Una,  at  a 
great  aleratlon  abora  Iha  aaa.  '!  ha  bulIKi  hare  li«'  ilruady 
larrrrml  to.  Eten  lu  tlir  E  and  middle  B»ct:'<aa,  aiilaiuihl  iiano- 
ranilii  il«w<  may  b«  vriJuyaU  frntn  tha  rUarbluffa,  which  rua 
from  Ml  to  >KI  faal. 

.Winaroja  -KnldUh,  yellow,  and  blue  limaatona,  with  a  t|n- 
dnicy  to  eryaiallltaii'm,  chart,  granlta.  Ibldapar,  rati  aamliioioi, 
(often 'iriiiirrlrig  In  bouMara  of  tararll  |ona' weight,)  aud  coaI 
lu  Mvaral  placaa,  are  the  known  mioerala,  be,.l<laa  |  ahblni  of 
granlto,  i|iiarti,  and  imrpliyry,  with  tmne  taiga  bliAika  nl  |,ir- 
phyrlilo  graoite. 

hirral  JV«m. -ror  MO  inllea  W.  of  the  Ulaeourl,  ir,aral 
rarlatin  of  .  .Ak,  aah,  aycamora,  blili  >ry,  buckeye,  walnut, 
hadkliarry  au^ar  maple,  ami  auoiao  are  found  In  ounaldarahla 
abundance  oi  tha  rlver-lhittomt ;  while  In  the  *#ooad  diatrlot 
limber  la  rery  tcarca.  eiaapt  a  fkw  ooIIoowuihI  and  wlliow-lreat 
on  tha  margin  of  tha  alreana.  In  tha  raountaloout  regloot  of 
the  W.,  Ibreelt  of  <-<lar  pine,  wmlar,  ai  I  (|uaklog  aah  clutha 
thaalopet  of  Iha  IUh  ky  MountaUa,  whili  ihe  rlrer-Kittoiria  are 
oorarmi  with  coitoawood,  wllluw,  boi  <  lar,  cherry,  eurraut, 
and  sarrloa  huahea. 

'  (ofy,— The  bulThlo,  elk,  dear,  anieh  i>e,  pralrit  dogt,  and 
I'  airralt  ar«  ainong  Iha  quailrupada ,  and  of  tha  feathered 
.  ibea  there  are  the  wild  turka/  and  gonaa,  prairie  hen,  par- 
-  ridge,  gulden  oriole,  blue  Jay,  red-bird,  crow,  and  a  great 
raitaly  nf  tba  tmalUer  Binla.  Amoof  lk«  reptilea  la  tha 
horned  frog. 

fartt  and  Aaffima.  Flrtt  among  lh«N  tra  tha  hrit,'  'li : 
Fort  HIley,  near  tha  •  .mniience  of  the  He|iuhllcan  and  n 
itinn'a  Inrka  of  Ilia  Kanaaa:  Fort  I,<'a>rnworth,on  Iha  Ulaau  <<i 
Hirer,  II  uillat  abo-  «  tha  moiiih  uf  Hi*  Kanaaa  ;  Fort  Alkluaon, 
on  >ha  Arkanaaa,  near  the  KHi"  of  W.  Ion. ;  and  Bant'a  Fort,  oil 
the  Arkaoaia,  bft»>-«n  lul"  and  104"  W,  lou.  The  atalloiia  Irr, 
Walnut  Creak  I'usl-offlca,  on  -ha  Arkanaaa,  at  Iha  iiiontli  of  tha 
creak  of  that  Da>n«,  and  near  the  W0"  of  W.  Ion. :  Big  Tiabara, 
a  fkrorlta  oousoll-gruund  and  rtii<l<'iraua,Ilmllte  below  lUnt't 
Furl; -Pueblo  dt  San  Carlot,  r/n  ^lie  Upjier  Arkanaaa,  in  Iba 
IWaf  W.  Ion. ;  a  poat-offlca  a  a  Dataware  City,  10  milea 
atwra  tha  mouth  of  Kanaaa;  j  .,  (Irote,  a  noieii  cim|ilng- 
ground,  ii  mllaa  W.  of  Weai|>-irt,  Hianourl;  and  Cuuiicll 
Mrora,  a  famed  tlopplng-placa  on  the  Haiita  Fa  trail,  In  ab':ut 
X'/S'  N.  lat.,  and  tt^'  ».  Ion.  There  ar«  bualdei  a  large  nam> 
bar  of.mlaaionary  aUtiona,  among  which  are  tba  KIckapou,  4 
mile)  abore  Fort  I,ei>reawurtb ;  tha  Iowa  and  Sac,  near  the  N, 
tKiundary  ;  the  Shawn**,  (M^thodtat,)  H  m  laa  up  the  Kanaaa; 
and  1  mIlea  from  It  the  Baptitt,  and  at  S  milea  the  Frienda' 
School,  bitty  inlltia  >ip  tiia  Kantai  ii  the  Cathulla  miation 
among  tha  I'ottawota.  ?g  ;  Uecker't  Ottawa  mlaaion,  8.  of  the 
Kanaaa  Itlrer,  n«ar  t' ,  Mlaaouri  llnti  and  nrar  it  the  Baptlat 
Mitrlonary  and  Labor  -chool ;  and  the  Calhulle  Oaaire  mhal.m, 
on  the  Neoahn  Rlrer,  in  tha  8.  E.  of  the  State,  which  haa  one 
of  the  largett  mlaaluiia  and  acboolt  In  Kanaai,  and  hat  10  tul>- 
mlaatnnary  atationt  wlthlo  M)  mliea  of  it,  which  are  riaited 
monthly  from  it. 

ffm-tmntfnl  amJ  ffttfary.'^Th*  forarnibartt  of  Kanaaa  it 
almllar  to  that  of  other  weitein  Stateaofthe  (Jnlla-I  Hlatea. 

K  mnat  formnl  part  of  the  grrat  LnuialaDapurchateaciiiilrad 
froiu  France  In  18U3,  an'l  •ubarf^uentiy  formed  parti  of  tbtklia- 
lourl,  Arkantaa,  and  Indian  larritorlna. 


TO" 


aHa 


memr^Tmiamm 


NEBRASKA. 


«BimAM*.»l«i*Viff  »»Ui«  Prt1«»<«  •toj».  I»IM  *•'••? 
Hf  (ml  «•"  K.  Ul..  M^  lMlv»n  ••••n.l  ll»*  W.  In».  I  tirih, 
rrim  H.  l«  M,,  «J4  mllM  irrnktot  Itnglh  fnitn  II  K.  I'j  H.  W  , 
•Itoiit  liKW  inilM  ,  »r»m"«»  lir»«/l  li  f'">n  >'.,  ..  W.,  dlofu  «IIU 
mllx.  II  e«»«n  •«  •"•  i'  •t>"«l  'J>,"'M  ••|u»rt  iilliw.</r  l«ii'l 
•  niiuih  In  forai  •>•  •  ith  HliUm  «  llllnol*.  Tlilt  ti»l  >rvi  It 
iMiMiil*.!  n  itM  n.  k/  limuh  A<n«rk».  K.  hjr Ih. !»l»l.«  «t  Mln 
n<»it»,  !•  ••,  »i>4  MIoouM,  (ffnii  »hUh  II  l«  ••(.•r»i«<l  b»  lh« 
UlMmilanil  *  hit*  r»tth  lll»-t«,l  ».  bjr  ll>«  Hl»t«  of  K»««M. 
*ii4  W.  li/  lluhnml  W*»lilii||lon  lurrilorlM  •ii't  lti«  !"•••  uf 
Ur««»n.  frnm  whU-h  II  \*Kif»rHmt  hj  lh*H>'rtv  llmtnmiin 

f»,,  „/  Ik,  r./«M<«r». -Th«  0n»»»'  |«rl  of  iiii<  IrrrllHr.,  M 
f»r  w  l»  Hi'  wn,  wwim  l»  comUl  "f  lil«li  I'ulHi  l»ii'l  A  rhtUt 
«f  hl»hUntU,  enllKl  lh»  IllMk  IIMl..  run4  frum  t.nt  Iht  l'l»li. 
Kl»«r,  In  »N,  >;.  illriillim.ln  lb*  Mlwiurl  Hlnf,  wlilfli  1IM7 
itpi>ru».'li  m  «b..iU  IW  W.  I..M  ,  dl»lill"g  111*  wnlrri  r.innlHg 
liilo  III"  VfUowa.in*  frnm  lhi.«»  H.i«ln|  liilo  111*  lll«"arl, 
bnl.iw  114  grpul  •niiilioMlti'li  UbiI.  Ob  111*  W,,  lh»  Riwky 
Mounlkiiia  r«»f  lli»lr  lufl  jr  xiroinlu,  In  «'m«  li.«l»n«'«  •bo**  lh« 
•niitt  lliii'.  unil  ««M  "111  ni'iir*  liiio  N^lirxl  ».  ►>••«■•. iil'«  r««fc, 
111*  I'lfilnl  liii'>«n.imnmll  111  ililn  rhuJn,  In  Ihe  I  ull»«l  Hulw. 
nn  tti*  W.  Ii-ifiltir  i>r  llil*  ••rrlwrjr,  l<  I  J,»7ii  f'  «l  In  h»l|jhl.  »U"1 
I,.iii,r'«  Vfikk,  •!  >h*  M.  W,  exrcmlly,  •b-m  U"**  '•••^  * 
r««*iil  nulh..rlty.  wrlllng  Wi  lli*  t\ft,  t^'l4  sffiki  of  N^ 
brwkikt  "Til*  mill,  fur  •  «pie»  r»rjrlnir  fi-mn  JO  lu  UMI  mllr*  W. 
uf  lh«  llUinurl  Ul»«r,  !•  n*uly  IiI^iiIIckI  wltk  that  of  Mlnaourl 
unit  l.i»».  Til*  lil(hl»!Hl«  •»•  o|,*li  l<t»\tl*  iriiuii'lt  rii»*r*<l 
Willi  Kriu***  ,  lh«  rl«*r  txHInm  •  linp,  rich  luani,  •lnulnl  bir 
'leme  fiireil  Irnn.  KtiiTO  llill  dlMrlct  !•■  •boul  II  n  iniiulh  of 
(if  Itiiniilni  W«i«r  Kl»»r  U  im*  bimiiill""  inii«ii«i"  "f  ri>lllti« 
iiriklrl*,  to  r»r»«ly  Inlaniilniloil  wUh  >«i"l  m  I"  I*  'mill  ^■f 
((rlcultiit*.  tul  i;»f|>«l«l  wllh  iuecnliinl  nrnxM.  A  llilnl  dn- 
Inn,  tiltndlni  In  k  belt  mnnj  mil**  K.  »ii"l  W  >if  Hi*  ll»inl»n 
Vlllig*.  on  Ih*  moHt  N.  b»i>d  of  Ih*  MltuJiirl,  uul  tnathwtrti 
uroM  th*  H.  bouivl»ry  of  iholtrrllorjr,  I*  •  ftifiuBllon  «f  ninrl 
tnd  rurlhr  llin*«l<in*,  which  immhoI  b«  oth.r»l««  lh»n  ••rjr 
nr*iluiHI»*  A  fourili  dl.tilcl,  Ijrlng  M.  nt  lb*  MUiourl  Ult*r, 
It  i>  iucrfMluo  of  iiii<lul»llii«  ijl»ln«,  I'^rlllo,  biilrillier  (trx,»nil 
cuv*r*<l  with  »  Ihlrb  tward  of  gru*.  on  which  fin  d  liiniimern- 
bl*  h*rd*  of  bitun,  elk,  »iiil  d*«r.  A  «nh  dlilrl.i  I*  »t  Hi*  bu*« 
of  th*  Ulkck  lllll»,  «it*ndln|  from  thtnc*  to  Ih*  K.H-kjr  Moun- 
Uitu,  and  Ineladliig  tli*  vallty*  of  lb*  Vtllowai.n'.  HarU'i, 
and  '/thor  imaller  rl»*ri.  Th*  »all*y  of  Ih*  Y*ll..w>l..n*  I* 
•pari  J«,  (krtll*.  and  •alubrioj*.  Th*  (trram*  nr*  frlnR*d  wlib 
|r«M  tram  wh«oc«th4  t*I1«»  *i|iand<  many  mil**  to  Ih*  iniiun- 
lal.  »  TbI*  r*KloB  l*oii«of  Ih*  flu*.t  on  <n*  «lob«."  CiraU.** 
b**ii  (V)und  In  Ih*  iiorlh-w*«t*rn  rouiilUi  of  Mln«uii,  and  It  ii 
probabi*  may  b*  found  la  th*  »oulh-*a»l  iwrtlon  nf  .N>bra«k*. 
Th*  llBi**lon*  formation  of  Mitaontl  and  l-wa  *itciiJa  orer 
III*  Ant  ditlrlel  of  Nabraaka,  d*<crlb«d  In  th*  |>**iiai«  Juit 
quoted  n«yon<l  Ihat  dUlrkI  th*  ftiriuatlun  m  •anditiiiii-  tad 
•rock*  of  th*  dlluTlan  p*rlod— lb*  termtr  8.  and  W.  of  ih* 
MI»uutI,  chiefly,  and  lb*  lallar  N.  of  II.  I^oal  haa  brcn  iKn 
eroiii'lnf  out  I*  trarloua  plao**  along  lb*  N*br»ka  Ulrtr,  In 
th*  a.  w.  pari  of  Ih*  Urrltory,  by  Vnmoui,  and  oth«r  IraT- 
•l*r*, 

Tb«  flr*l  dlitrlet  la  th*  only  r*all7  good  agrleiiltiiral  r* (Ion 
at  pr«**nt.  It  la  a  rich  Inam,  flneljr  ilDib*r*d  and  watirc^l, 
Th*  (Kond  li  itrlotlr  paiiural.  Th*  third  haa  aoll,  but  U  •!'">- 
tltut*  of  timber,  and  very  apanaly  *upi>U«d  with  •nrliiga.  1  i.e 
fourth  alio  ha*  aoll,  but  haj  the  aam*  drawback*.  The  flflb,  a* 
almiuly  itated,  li  un«  vf  th*  flueit  region!  on  the  globe  In  Ih* 
inm*  latitude, 

Nivcrf,— Thii  exlenilve  tract  la  lr»T«ne<l  by  the  Mliaourl, 
one  of  the  molt  ImiKjrt.int  rlrer*  on  Ihe  globe,  wdli-h  takea  It* 
rlieon  Ih*  wcitern  border  of  Nebraaka,  among  tlir  UerllyUlea 
uf  Ihe  Kocky  Uountalna,  runa  N.  E.  for  about  MMK)  nillea,  to 
46*  20'  N.  lat. :  receiving  a  large  numlier  of  affluent*  from  the 
N.,  and  the  Yeilowttoue.  nearly  lOOU  mile*  long,  with  a  multl- 
ludo  uf  tubtrlbutarlea  fr>>m  th*  8.  ;— then  turning  to  the  8.  E., 
purauea  Ita  courii*  for  P^.KI  mile*  furtljor,  having  Ita  flood  of 
walera  awelled  by  Ih*  Influx  of  a  oonatant  aucceaaloa  of  atreama, 
among  which  the  principal  are  Id  the  order  naoied— the  Lllll* 
Mlaiouri,tbe  HanaliUah  or  Ixiwer  White  Earth,  tlie  Mobra- 
rah  and  lie  afBuenI  lb*  Kehah  I'l^ah,  and  the  Nebraaka  or 
Platte  Hirer,  all  within  the  territory.  The  moat  Important  of  tb« 
N.  IrlbuUrlea,  beginning  at  the  W.,  are  Ihe  tiallalln,  Madlaoo, 
tad  Jetferwia  Rivera  (whoieooaflaenc*  brmi  th*  maloitream), 


(WltiiwMl  by  the  P*«rbnni,  Marl*^  Him.  Tpfw  While  farlh, 
and  MiimeriiM*  tiiiall  atraanie.  Th*  riali*  it  Nahtaak*.  whiah  I 
■  lata  Htm*  lo  th*  Urrll.iry.  ria**  In  two  branfhut,  on*  In  ilia 
W,  nf  Kwaaa.  and  lli«  olhar  In  Iha  n.  W.  |i*r»  nf  Nahraaka,  and 
flova  K  ttt  ahoul  I  .'i  il  mll»a  Ihrongb  th*  M.  \,v%  of  lbi»  raiil»n. 
Th*  lli^  llnra  ami  1'uniii*  River*  art  Ik*  %-t\m1fti  trlbularlea 
,.f  il,e  Vullnwai  ,i,e,  The  Mlla'.'-'-l  la  navigable  la  Ik*  llreM 
ru'i,  ab.n.1  Jnji  mllat  froaa  lli.  tUlf  of  l(a«l».i.  and  Odunel 
Mieven  '  It  uf  «|  lnl»n  II  nlghl  be  n>«vlgal«'l  by  awall  •(•aMb.iau 
ilUO  »f  KOO  nillaa  ab..ve  Ihe  >'«IU.  The  Vallnwti.,n*  haa  b«an 
navlgiWMl  t>f  m>  mile*  by  >t«>iinb'iala,  and  It  way  Im  a«t'«iidv4 
jno.ir  1,0  fttrlhiT  hgnallxNtla.  Tli*  Kl  I'*""  ■la»nit»iiil  aaeendad 
Iha  Kabrnaka,  In  Ih*  <|'rlng  of  l»M,  to  Ihe  dl»l*nra  uk  4i'<l  or 
JtfO  mil*',  but  Itil*  rlvr  1  i«  only  I  >i  BavlraleH  at  th*  hl|;liaal 
walar,  mil  avtn  itrii  lie  itvlnalti'ii  la  dimsnil.  A«  lla  iiKin* 
liiipiirla,  II  l«  briiail  m  d  ili  iMi.w,  and  durlMif  Ih*  dry  •»i»<"n  la. 
In  |i»rta,  iinlv  a  *»rl>*  of  |b»>Ij.  Th*  aiiring  fraahtit  in  th* 
Mlaai'iirl  uaually  nei'itr  alxiiil  Ih*  l>l  of  June. 

fWfrrff^ /(ifrr»'«fo  Il*ri«««.  -Thallreat  ri»'l*  nf  tha  HU- 
anurf,  Hid  Ih*  »•■»(!*  *h«i**  em'l.""!  wllh  p»r|"Midli«l*r  nil* 
IJUUfaut  hl»h,  may  rlnlm  Ih*  rt<l  pUr*  anniiig  Iti*  alrlking 
nalural  nhjacta  uf  llila  larrllury,  Tli*  r»llt  aalnnd  thrniiih  a 
•  pace  uf  many  nill't.  and  vitry  In  hul]<lil  from  l»  I"  »1  twl,  Hie 
hmifM  of  the  llrrat  fall.  Snu  4i"  N.  I»l.  nxd  US"  W,  h.n  , 
on  lb*  brad  water  1  uf  Lower  Wbll*  Karth  Klvarnr  Uaiiklillah, 
and  between  Kiel  l.nrnnile  and  Ihe  Mlaa-nirl,  la  a  ramarkable 
tract  or  valley.  alHiul  3U  niilea  wide,  and  iierhajie  HO  or  V)  Umg, 
calleil  .Uiiiii'iiiMt  7'<rrr«,  or  "bad  laiidi.''  fruiu  lli  thin,  alaiile 
a..|l,  which  la  ravareil  with  nnly  a  very  aeanly  growth  of  graaa. 
Th*  a|i|i«ar«i..e  <if  llila  raglnn  preaanla  a  moat  alrlking  e.inlraat 
to  llml  of  the  ailjacent  countrj.  "  Kroin  Ihe  unlfbfm,  nvmo- 
tiiniina,  and  open  pralrloa,  Ihe  travaUi  MiddeiilJrdeacoii.lt  100 
iia  VUO  feet  Into  a  valWy  Unit  lnuka  aa  ir  U  had  >unk  a»ay  friim 
Iheeurronnding  world,  leavitig  alanillii«  all  nver  II  lh<jiiaan  la 
of  abrupt  Irregular  priamalle  and  c  .lumnar  niaaae^,  fre<iii*iilly 
capi<e<l  wllh  Irregular  pyramlila,and  aira'chlng  up  t<>  a  height 
of  fWuM  lOii  I'l  Mai  feet  m  more.  Hn  thickly  are  t'sea*  nal'iral 
liiaara  atnddfl  over  the  aurfac*  of  Ibia  aJIraontlnary  reu  >n, 
that  the  traveler  Ihreaila  hia  way  through  deep,  1 -.nftneil,  Uhy- 
rlnthe  iiaaaagae,  not  unlike  the  narr.iW  Irregular  atr»«l»  and 
lanua  of  aom*  i|ii»lnl  old  town  of  the  Kurupcan  contlueiil.  One 
might  alinoat  Imagine  oneaelf  a|ipri>achln»  aome  magnlflcent 
oliy  uf  Ihe  dewl,  wliere  Ih*  liib.ir  and  (enlua  cf  Airiutten  na 
tlon*  hail  l*fl  behind  Ihem  th*  monuroont*  of  their  arl  and 
akill."  In  one  (enui,  thti  region  le  truly  a  great  "city  of  (he 
Jeail,"  a*  Il  conlalna,  In  Ih*  mo*t  *ilraii>rdlnary  pmfttaloa,  th* 
f'Kall  akeletona  of  <arl<iua  tribe*  of  animali  now  eitlnci,  par- 
ticularly of  tlie  I'aihi/Jtrmatn.  Among  othera.  there  wiialViund 
a  nearly  entlroakeleti.n  of  Ilia  I'efoolAarmni,  eighteen  feet  In 
length.  Unhappily  It*  *ubaitnee  waa  too  fragile  to  ailmll  of 
removal..  Kremont't  Peak,  I3.»7»  feel  high,  and  l*n^'e  Peak. 
U.OOO  feH  high,  both  alrea<ly  refarre<l  10,  lie  In  the  W  and 
8.  W.  part  uf  lb*  territory,  thu  former  Immediately  oij  th* 
boundary  if  Oragon.  Th*  Idulfk,  which  often  recede  ftir  tee- 
eral  oille*  fnint  the  rivert,  fre<(uently  rla*  from  SO  to  JOO  f**» 
above  the  bottom- lamia,  and  preaent  Iha  appearance  of  caatlee, 
lowert.  dumi'i,  rampart*,  terrace*,  kc.  In  Ih*  third  dlitrlcl 
dewrlliwl  abnve,  rievatlone  "called  knflee  ov  the  Cananllait 
Krench  and  retro*  by  the  Hpaiilarda,  ure  profurely  tca>tere<l. 
Her*  and  there  the  traveler  llnda  aurfhcee  varying  in  dlamet«r 
ftoin  100  feet  to  a  mile,  elevated  from  1}  to  50  feet  above  (b* 
lurroundliig  turfkce  They  are  not  bill*  or  kiiobe  the  tldea  vf 
which  ar*  mnr*  or  l«t*  i.teep  and  covered  wllh  grata.  Their 
•Idea  ar*  nc*rly  perpendicular,  their  aarlkoea  flat,  end  ufleo 
(wivered  with  moiintafn  clicrrlc*  and  other  nhrube.  They  hav* 
Ihe  appearance  nf  having  huen  aoddr^ily  el«Tat:d  tboT*  lb* 
aurrnundhig  anrface  by  aoine  aiieclfla  cnu^»  " 

Cltm<Ue.—\n  a  region  pitending  through  9*  of  latitude  and 
18"  of  longitude  there  muat  neccatarlly  be  conilderable  varia- 
tion In  tjmperature  and  climate.  Though  the  climate  of  .Ne- 
braaka haa  not  l>een  acciiraUly  aeeertalned,  enouL-h  It  known, 
however,  for  practical  purpotet.  In  Kaatern  Nebraaka,  veg*- 
Utlon  It  (on*  w*«k*  later  than  In  I'lwa,  and  In  the  vlclnltr  of 
Ihe  mouQlalni  aom*  wteki  later  ttlll.  From  Ilia  city  of  St. 
lAiula,  traveling  either  northward  or  wettward,  the  ellmal*  be- 
come* colder  about  In  the  same  degree— the  dlnrenc*  of  «l*Ta- 
tlon  traveling  weal  being  about  et|ulvalcni  In  It*  aUkot*  to  Ik* 
dlir*r*De*of1alltud*  travellug  oortb.     Suow  fklla  al  lb*  A<ol 


I 


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[701 


I 


•■ 


V 


N  lu  U  U  A  H  K  A 


•r  Ik*  MMKbtM  tklMl  MM  tM  tf  tiMMlWt.  Mtf  M  C'MMll 
Miiairt  tloMi  th«  Itl  •(  N«f •«k*r.      Tmm  •*!  k«  («f*/4«4  M 

Ami  ciM  r»nt<r  W«  alii  %tl*tlf  ft«*pllMlM«  lh«  )>««  Milt 
u   rur   M   v<«ri«i»«u      Nnr   lli«  N    I:    ••lr*inlif  Ih*  f*!!  M 

•  nail  I*  n«i  4Mp.  fh*  tMI*f •  of  lh«  T«ll*ailnn«  *ii>l  IM 
lrll»iU>lM  tr«  xixMtBiiM  M  Ik*  m»t4t»  of  Nakxakt.  r»f 
akntii  gM  mlKa  W.»riha  Mlta<mrl  Nltaf.Mfi  fUla.  Ih«  prdrU 
Itlrouflt  «hMi  lh«  HalltMt*  |>a«*a<  la  t*.^  rl«h  «i>  I  «.tiiilr*hlf 
a<l*|.tail  I.I  riiliitalii.n  an.!  iha  ohola  ",li>i<ta"  t:,i  iha  ilia 
Uma  ntnixl.  !i«««a«n  Iha  HktiaM  ami  SaltfMk*.  U  «  txll  aaa/ 
M  III!  aii'l  ;l«i'llnf  l>«*fr  ri«l>«.     Miirii  .•>  Ih«   praUl*   r«(l»ii, 

•  hara  iiiiiillar.U.  la  f  al  ■■..<«ra>1  •lih  ilvh  |>*ri>iraa.  |I«A'  lan.'j 
»t  llinhar  it  ilia  |r«*|  w»nt  »t  N*hrt<k«  i  |ral  ihai*  kr«  nMiit 
wall  iinilwra<l  •llatfU'la.  Th»fa  %n  ilanaa  hfa>»a  uf  oitlmixiol, 
nn  ih«  Mio.iiirl  bnil.-nM,  ttsm  Ih*  m.  <ith  of  Iha  NalirMk*  !<■ 
Mlanvanl*.  tiKlun  Iha  klufflkii.!  hl|thi4iMl«  kiir'lailni  th*  Ula 
auuil  Hilar,  larn*  \r»tn»  nl  llmlMr.  k*it4f«  I'lniiillaM  «t.iia<  if 
Ml.  bUrk  wtlnitl,  Ho)*,  alliiiMrf  aim,  Mh.  *«.  Tha  .Nabrkak* 
Vallajr  la  aUla.|  (,,  Im  .iaiiialf  atmtwt  Air   niwir  lallat  on  aka-h 

•  I'U.  k'l  •  •llttaii-a  of  AUnra  Ihaii  KM  mllaa  abtita  Im  m-iiilh,  kii.l 
Iha  T*ll*>a  ii(  Iha  rUa't  iii.l  tiratma  Uitaaaii  li  mul  Ilia  Mw^r 
Whlia  Ukrih  m  •.iin«lnllr  wall  ilmbar..!  til  il«na«  •atllamanl. 
Th»  ti'.ia  t^lwaaii  th«  Yallvaalxn*  kiid  MlH.iiarl  I*  kiM  akl<t  In 
k«  wall  wiKxIail.  rir.  |>ln«,  •|.riif«,  (M  a*<l«r  kra  fouml  In  Iha 
ration  nf  it,*  Itlark  KlIU  kii'l  H.Hikjr  MounUliia.  ati'l  m*;,  kl  k 
fiitara  dkr,  AirnUh  liimhar  la  lh»  aularn  iwrll.in  nf  Iha  Urrl- 
I<ir7,  lir  ll»Mlii|  II  4iiwii  Ik*  irMt  rlfkri  Vkllvwtl-ui*.  Mil- 
iuurl.  •■■•<  Nahrkakk. 

^m«i«/a  -Thla  <->aiHrrli  iha  pkrulitii  of  Ih*  hstiUr  knil 
ir*|i|rfr,  Th*  irllily  bai.r,  R.kIj  MnunUlt  iiikl.  ahacu,  kn<t 
•iiii>lot.*  Iiifail  th*  ahiit**  of  Ih*  i\nc\j  Huiiiilaln*,  <t». 
l*r«,  |>knlhtri,  l»Uek  k«4r«,  4««r,  tlkt,   kiid   voltM   krk    kbu 


77 


.■•.  Tfc*  *Ht  k*4  fkilff  trkHk  MHMVHi*  Ih*  axm 
iMfMof  Ikl*  1*41  r«|i.>n.  lli«*mkoki«  4a«*ii<«  Ik*  Mita.iiri 
«i>>>it«ih«  iMiiik  »f  Ih*  Y«llit»it«n«,  kua  ilk  lk«  l»iw«  riftf 
»«  «llat. 

r-^fH  »n4  /r(«lMfM.— Th*  ^(••la«l  *if4«  kra  r*>l  Ka«rn«« 
Fxri  l.krami*.  r*«t  11.  Vrkin,  fkit  N'libin,  turi  tliih.ii,  r»f» 
I'Urk,  fan  ri*>f«,  r»r>k  Mkiinal,  n*rih<il.l,  *n.|  >ll*>*h<l*r, 
Anion*  Ih*  firiHnlMiil  aiklUiia  *r*  Hallatiia,  Naiiraal*  llaiioi, 
SahrMkkl'aiHr*  l'n*l»m<'*.  knil  Tkkl*  rr**k  fo*!  nffl««,  {)„,%■ 
hailir.iha  <*|.i'*l.  «nd  l,iiin«||  Hlufi,  •«  |k«  Mlatuinl,  U4 
nillaaalxtaManaatllla    li'Wk. 

I'uffimU't  Th*  |m|>iil*il«n  la  kltnoal  aht,llf  mmpmiMt  of 
Ih*  alHiriiiirai,  ihoiiiih  *inl|rtilon  h**  kir*«<l|i  Ii*(*m  ii«  n.iw  m 
r*|.lillf  ihi.a  Ih*  ni|»nli«il«n  iif  Ik*  Niillorr  In  M*|,  IkM. 
Th*  pili.rl|>*l  Irihw  of  liolikna  kr«  ih*  M*ip>l*iia,  Mlualnraat, 
rimwa,  Olio**,  Dmkkk*,  t'uiMkJk*,  r«wii**t,  Hlu*ra«a  or  Arrlak- 
f.«a, llrM*  Vaiiira*,  fkll  or  lUpia  liiliAua,  UlMt  r**l,  Ml**aii- 
!»•«,  •ii<l  •  foloiijri.f  lUir Draa'ta. 

Huluru  Ilia  faiiaa  of  iha  Mlaaniirl  wk*  flril  Tt«ll*i|  b» 
fkhar  Mari|ii*<.i*,  In  iK«  l**l  half  of  Ih*  I7ih  i-anmr*,  l,*i««ll* 
ftillowril  hlin  In  IAhI  3.  Nabrktka  kirniaU  •  ptrl  nf  III*  *r*M 
irkiitnf  III*  MlMlatl(itil  Tdl*/  lo  fjrmart,  In  ITU,  tnilwk* 
Ih*  oliJ*«l  of  l,iiw'«  «*l*l'>bt«l  lllt*iaal|.n|  M.-haai*.  fhla  Urrl- 
lut/  Htm*  Inta  ^i*iaa<i  m  «f  |,i«  irnll*4l  Hikiaaln  |W>S,  m  kparl 
nf  Ih*  LniilaUnk  purnhMti,  kn<l  iiKK-aaalfaly  ^rnv  •)  iiarl*  of 
ihkl  kiiil  Iha  Mlaaoiifl  kn'l  lii'llkn  UirllarlM  In  lmi4.H  an  *>- 
|t*<IUInn  noiiinik'!  lail  hf  l.xalt  and  Clark,  iin.(*r  Ih*  illr**>i(<in 
of  III*  I'nlMil  *\M<*»  «ii»«'nm*iil,  **f«nil*<t  Ih*  tllMonrl  Ml»*r, 
wlnl<>ir<l  kl  Kort  Mau.Un,  ami  Iha  nail  ag.rihg  er»**«>l  ih* 
Hacky  M,.uiitali>t  lo  ih*  |ii*«*uk  Sial*  ol  Oragnn,  aiiri  ara  ka' 
ll*«*>)  In  haia  b**ii  Ih*  flrtl  ainli«r«r«  of  Ih*  Inlarlor  kiMl  waai- 
•rn  paru  of  Nabrat  a  In  Majr,  I^M,  ih*  Cuniiaai  of  Iti* 
rnltol  f.  A'*t  aix'itfi  thia  ranloil  Inio  a  MparkU  larrliar/,  r*- 
•arTliif,  tin««f«r,  lli*  right  tu  lubdlTliI*  It, 


OllRGON. 


OREaO!T,  k  SUt«  forrainff  th*  m<>«l  wintirn  \wr 
tion  of  tilt)  domiiin  of  th«  Uniti'il  HUtri  nf  North 
Amerin«,  m  riatrirted  h*  I  he  rrci'iit  not  «(  Cimtfrcak 
«"ri««tiii(f  tlj«  'IVrritory  of  Wnkhinnton,  U  iMinndiTl  on 
the  N.  br  Wii^liinKtou  Territory,  (from  which  it  ia 
ai'iinrftt«<l  hy  th«  Cohimliia  Kivir  niul  the  'It'ith  |i|iral- 
Im  of  N.  Intitii.U  ;)  E.  hv  tho  Konky  Moimfniii*,  which 
tiiviila  it  ft-oiii  Nphrwkn;  H,  liy  TUuh  territory  am<I 
tlin  Htiite  of  Colifornia,  hikI  W.  l.v  tho  rimithi  Oimiii. 
It  lira  hotirfpii  4-J"  ami  '•'I"'  20  .V,  Int.,  and  lu.twien 
100"  80  and  r.'l"  8  >  W.  Ion.,  I  i-ing  ahoiit  T-'-O  mil,* 
In  extreniii  lin^th  from  H.  to  W„  and  27H  milvk  in 
width,  innludiiij{  an  area  of  I8."i,0o0  kiiiiaro  milw. 

Faei  of  tlit^  Country,  Mmtnlaiit*,  ifr. — Oregon  i*  ii»u- 
alljr  dividi'd  !iit.i  thrct>  (lortiuni,  Ti«  :  tho  IrfiWfrCoiin- 
try,  or  porli.di  next  tha  ooean  ;  tho  Miildlo  Cuuutrv, 
or  that  pnrt  which  lit>a  l)ctworn  tho  Cukoftdrt  Ranp) 
and  tho  IJino  Moiintnina ;  and  i\\f  llpmr  Country,  or 
thof.  portion  which  lion  b.twcfln  tho  IJliio  and  Uooky 
Mountain*,  On  approaching  On  pon  from  th«  koa.  li 
preii'nti  thn  ramo  Deld,  iron-bound  ooaat  a«  Califor- 
nia, but  with  thia  ditfcrunoo,  that  tha  ooaat  range, 
inatead  of  running  nnrailel  with  the  Paoiflo,  i*  com- 
po««d  of  a  kcrick  of  iiiahlandk,  nearly  at  right  angh-a 
with  the  ihore,  thronuh  whose  vallovk,  the  ktrcam*  of 
tht  Callapuya  or  Caiiapooya  MoiinUin*  (the  wc*t«rn 
limit  of  the  Willamette  Valley)  doacend  to  the  ooean. 
Th*  flrat  *e«Uon  i*  about  from  75  to  120  miles  in 
breadth,  and  inolude*  the  Willaniett,e,  Uropnua,  and 
Rogue  Kiver  Valley*,  the  first  rnnimi;^  parallel  with 
the  aea,  and  the  other*  at  right  angles  to  it.  The  la«t 
•re  S.  of  the  Willamette  Valley.  The  large  valley* 
Taryin  length  ft-om  40  to  160  mile*,  and  from  6  to 
86  nailea  in  width.    One  remarkable  feature  of  thej 


Willain.-lte  ValUy  i«  the  lliittc*,  liixh,  eonieal,  inaii. 
Intfd  hilla,  of  about  lOlM)  f..at  in  height.  Th«  Middle 
*«i>lion  fldv.T*  a  l.nndth  of  IfiO  itiili*,  and  i*  moatly 
nn  rlitinti'd  plati'nn.  The  UfSpor  tNiuntry  oo.niiiir* 
tho  wi>»tern  »lop,i  of  thn  Rocky  Moiintniiin,  and  i* 
mimtly  n  atorilo  and  dnary  r/jj-ion,  cov.r< d  with  lava, 
through  which  tho  rivers  cm.  Ihtir  ohnniu'l*  toagri'at 
dinth  ;  in  nmny  placr*  lh«  ir  rooky  bi'da  arc  inacoe*' 
aiblii  to  iiiim  or  I  ciiat.  Oregon  may  be  (iinphntieally 
calUd  a  inonntainoii*  country.  Bi-Klniilng  at  tho  E., 
wo  have  the  lofty  auinniita  of  the  Hooky  MounUln*— 
rcaohinK  ('"  '''r'liionfa  IViik)  nn  rloviition  of  la.OTO 
f.'i't— *..j,aratintt  tho  Mi»«i*iiip|,i  Vaihy  from  the  I'a- 
ciHo  region,  and  aon.ling  off  apiira  in  a  wtatirly  direc- 
tion. About  hnlf-wny  botwcin  the  Ronky  Mountaiiik 
find  tho  raoilio  nio  the  lihio  Monntoin*,  running 
nrnrly  N.  and  H.,  but  still  *cndiiig  olT  ridRcs  in  differ- 
ent diroations:  Theno  monntnlim  sometime*  ri»6  in 
tho  mow  region,  bilkare  geneinlly  from  JtOOO  to  4(M)0 
feet  in  height.  The  Cuseade  ICaiigo,  hnvi.ig  tho  Ioftie»t 
known  peaks  of  any  mountains  in  the  Uniteil  States, 
Attend  from  OO"  N.  latitmlc  (nearly  pnrnllvl  with  tho 
I'acifio)  to  tho  southern  part  of  Old  California,  ot  dis- 
tance* (in  Oregon)  varying  from  about  HO  to  1 10  mile*. 
Mount  nood,MoHnt.Ieffer»on,  Mount  Pitt  or  Blcl-augh- 
lin  are  the  principal  peak*  in  Oregon,  of  which  tho 
first,  14,000  feet  in  elevation  above  tho  sea  lo^el,  i* 
the  highe*t,  and  *eema  to  be  a  dormant  volcano.  Fi- 
.lally  ooriie*  th*  const  range,  called  in  Oregon  tho  Cal- 
lapooya  Mountains ;  these,  as  has  been  stated,  send 
off  spar*  at  right  angle*  with  the  ocean.  Tho  Three 
Uutte*  and  Three  Tetons,  about  the  bases  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  ar<5  oojical  elevations  of  cousidcrablb  mag- 
nitude.   The  Salmon  Mountaini  erosa  the  middla  tt 


'^•i^m 


the  caBtera  portioa  of  Oregon  in  an  E.  »nd  W.  dirco- 

'"Afi»wra/».— The  minerftl  rosouroe*  of  Oregon  have 
•enro.lv  begun  to  bo  develoiJO.l ;  gold  hrui  been  found 
in  vBriou.  places,  fi-om  Port  Orford  to  Burnt  and  1  ow- 
dor  Rivers.  Tbo  a«cretery  of  the  Treasury  •  Report 
for  1854,  gives  »13.635  ns  tht-  amount  of  -jold  depo«- 
tod  at  the  iiuni,  the  product  of  Oregon. 

Itheri,  Bays,  and  La*M.— There  i»  no  very  ccnsid- 
eraoi.  bnv  in  Oregon.    The  Columbia,  the  greatest 
rivr  in  tlie  rnoifio  slope  of  tho  Continent,  forms  half 
the  northern  boundar\'.  from  the  point  where  |^  strikes 
tho  40th  mrollcl  to  iti  month  in  tho  Pao-.fio  Ocean, 
lu  great  branch,  the  Snake  or  Lewis  Riv(.T,oud  it« 
tributaries,  tho  Salmon,  Henry,  Malheur,  and  Owyhee, 
drain  tho  great  valley  between  tho  Rooky  ond  Blue 
Mountains.    Lewis  River  rises  in  tho  8.  E.,  and  pur- 
suing a  N.  W.  course  about  900  miles,  passeu  into 
Washington  Territo.-y,  wtere  it  joins  the  Columbia 
soon  after.    The  •WallawaUo,  UmotUlo,  John  Day  s, 
and  Fall,  E.  of  tbo  Cascade  Mountoins,  and  tho  WU- 
luinette,  W.,  are  tho  other  principal  offlusnts  of  the 
Columbia  from  thu  State.   The  Umpaua  and  Rottue  » 
River,  (entirely  in  Oregon,)  and  the  Klamath,  wUieh 
passee  into  California,  empty  directly  into  th'  Pociflo 
from  tho  S.  W.  of  this  State.  There  aro  several  small 
lakes  between  the  Cnsc.ide  and  Blue  Mouiitains,  and 
near  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.   The  principal 
of  the  former  are  Klamath,  Abort,  Pitt's,  Salt,  and 
8vlr.nille»  ;  and  of  the  latter  Godero  and  Jackson  s. 
The  Columbia  is  nkvigable  to  the  Cascade  Range, 
aliout  130  miles  from  the  sea,  for  large  vesc'els,  and 
•Viovethe  cascades  for  boat*.  The  Wiiramett^.isnav. 
igablo  to  Porlland,  and  sometimes  even  to  the  lalls, 
ftr  ocean  araft.    Above  the.FalU,  large  steambcsts 
may  run  for  80  miles  during  8  montho.   The  Umi.qua 
is  navigable  25  mUea  for  st«*mert,  and  Tcsseis  draw- 
inff  12  feet  may  enter  iU  mouth.    Ihe  Klamath  i» 
alw  navigable  for  a  short  distance.    There  are  few 
capes  orharbora  on  the  aoast  of  Oregon,  which  is  re 
markably  free  from  great  sinuosities.    The  most  im- 
portant capes  are  Cape  Blanco,  or  Oxford,  Cape  Foal- 
weather,  and  Point 'Adams.    The  hariK)rs  ar<-  the 
Columbia  River,  much  obstructed  by  sandbo.'s  and 
shoals,  but  adraittbg  vessels  of  16  feet  diuught,  and 
the  Umpqua  River,  which  may  be  ascended  by  ves- 
■«!•  drawing  8  feet  water  for  a  short  distonee. 

Soil  «nd  Produetioiu.—U  will  be  inferred  from  what 
haa  been  aaid  of  the  face  of  the  eountrj-  that  much  of 
Oregon  ia  unfit  for  tillage  ;  in  the  upper  country  or 
•astom  portion  It  is  almost  wholly  so,  as  for  n*  known, 
both  from  the  aridity  of  the  soil  and  the  irregularity 
of  the  climate.    The  central  porticm,  though  not  gen 
erally  cultivable,  aflfords  in  many  place*  exceU^nt  pas- 
turage ;  bat  even  the  pastoral  portion  i»  but  a  STnall 
part  of  the  whole.    The  great  rtsource  of  tho  Orego- 
man  farmers  is  the  country  W.  of  the  Cascade  Range, 
aapeciallyin  the  Willamette,  Umpqna,  and  Rob'"®* 
River  Valleys.    The  former  is  rarely  surposacd  in  fer- 
tility.   Wheat  is  here  the  staple  ;  thfs  eoul  eTemugs 
and  the  drought  in  the  latter  part  of  summer  being 
unfavorable  to  Indian  corn.   Besides  wheat,  oats,  har- 
lev.  turnips,  and  most  of  the  fruits  and  vegetn*;'  -s  of 
tlie  Middle  States  flourish.    The  indigenious   luits are 
the  trabcpple,  a  large  red  plum,  Btrowbernes,  rasp- 


bia  are  very  rich  alluvian,  but  incapable  of  cultiva- 
tion, from  their  liability  to  be  overflowed  ;  they  ifiay, 
however,  foYm  good  pasture-land*  for  stock.  Those 
portions  which  are  beyond  the  reaoh  of  overflow  .as 
the  district  about  Fort  Vanoouvw)  are  exceedingly 
pHHluotive,  On  tho  triangle  formed  by  the  Columbia 
on  tho  N.  and  the  Pacific  on  tho  W.,  is  a  tract  of  land 
of  great  fertility,  oxten.ling  back  26  miles  to  the  m<jufl- 
toins.  This  is  not  suited  to  wheat,  but  very  fruitful 
in  potatoes,  oaU,  peas,  turnips,  and  other  vegetables, 
and  is  exceUent  for  pasturage  According  to  the  of  n- 
sus  of  1850,  Oregon  had  under  cultivation  18-,8o7 


the  trabcpple,  a  large  rea  pium,  Bire.wo.ri.co,  i»=j/-i  -.- 
berries,  and  other  berries.  The  bottoms  of  theCoVwp-Jgon 


acres  of  land,  producintf  211,9'IU  bushehi  of  wheat ; 
108  of  rye;  2918  of  Indian  corn,  61,214  of  oato; 
6566  of  peas  and  beans ;  91,8:i6  of  potatoes  ;  29,686 
pounds  oY  wool;  211,404  of  butter  ;  86,980  of  cheese ; 
orchard  products  valued  at  11.271;    market  do., 
190,241 ;  live  stock,  $1,876,189 ;  and  slaughtered  ani- 
mals, $164,680.  .        _,     ,    ,        ,  1,    »  J 
Forest   Tree*.— Oregon  is  particularly  celebrated 
for  its  fore«U  of  gigantic  pine.  A  specie;  of  fir,  called 
Umberfs  pine,  grows  in  the  lower  region  to  an  onor. 
mous  size,  sometimes  ottnining  a  height  of  nearly  8L0 
feet,  and  a  girth  of  40  feet,  and  often  from  24  to  86 
foet.    Thia  18  the  greatsst  timber  of  the  country,  and 
is  largely  exported  to  the  Sandwich  Islands  and  to 
California.    The  other  timber  is  the  hemlock,  cedar, 
oak,  ash,  maple,  laurel,  pine,  wUlow,  balm  of  GilcaJ, 
dogwood,  Cottonwood,  and  aider.    The  oak,  next  to 
thifir,  is  the  most  valoable  wood,  and  is  found  moaUy 
in  the  Wilhimette  and  Umpqua  Valleys.     ^,    .        . 
Animals.— The  wild  animals  are  deer,  black  and 
griwly  bears,  elks,  foxes,  wolves,  antelopM,  beaver^ 
muskrata.  and  martens.    In  spring  and  fall,  geew, 
ducks,  and  other  waterfowl  are  abundant     La,m 
quantities  of  salmon  are  eanght  in  the  Columbia 
River  and  its  tributanea.  ,     .    .,     ,    ,,    .    - 
Governmtni.— The  government  u  iunilap  to  that  oi 
all  otter  western  States.  .         «   *  t.^-i 

History. — Oregon  seems  to  hav^e  been  flist  trodden 
by  European  feet  about  1775,  when  a  Spanub  navi- 
gator visited  Juan  do  Fuca  Straita.  Cook  loasUd 
iiong  iU  shores  in  1778.  The  Columbia  River  is  b«^ 
lieved  to  liave  been  first  made  known  to  the  civUiied 
world  in  1791,  by  Captain  Gray,  of  the  ship  Colum- 
bia, of  Boston,  United  States,  who  saw  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  but  did  not  enter  it  till  May  of  »»»•»«* 

Sear,  when  ho  gave  it  the  name  of  hu  ship.    *roift 
lU  tin*  np  to  1804,  the  coast  of  Oregon  was  oee»- 
sionallly  visited  by  British  and  American  ftir-tradert. 
In  that  year  President  Jefferaon  aent  out  an  exploring 
^  party  under  Lewis  and  Clarke,  who  paawd  the  winter 
of  '805-6  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.    After  this 
period,  overland  expeditions  by  fur-traders  became 
common,  and  these,  with  the  British  Hudson  Bay 
Company,  held  joint  possession  of  the  country,  (but 
not  without  jealous  rivalries  and  bloody  oontesto,)  till 
the  treaty  of  1846,  wbieh  gave  hU  below  4ft»  N.  lati- 
tude to  the  United  States,     EmigraUon  from  the 
United  States,  for  the  pnrpow  of  settlement  eom- 
menoed  in  1889.    There  is  no  doubt  that  m  future 
time  Oregon  will  p'ay  an  important  part  in  the  com 
meroe  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  particularly  that  of 
♦ho  Polj-nesiun  groups.    In   1863  the  tcrntoy  of 
Washington  was  separated  from  the  a.  panofOra- 


.Ju 


WASHINGTON. 


ley  ift«y, 
.  ThoBe 
irRow  (M  I 
secdingly  i 
Columbia 
st  of  land 
he  mooii- 
y  fniitftil 
>ge  tablet, 
9  the  cen- 

182,867 
if  wheat ; 

of  oats ; 
;  29,686 
>f  cheese ; 
irket  do., 
tcred  ani- 

telebratod 
fir,  called 
>  an  enor- 
icarly  800 
24  tfl  86 
intry,  and 
ds  and  to 
ick,  cedar, 
of  Gilcad, 
k,  next  to 
mdmottly 

black  and 
I,  beaven, 
Fall,  eecM, 
kt.  Lars* 
Coluuhia 

to  that  of 

st  trodden 
inUb  navi- 
ok  loattad 
lirer  is  b»-  , 
M  eiviliced 
hip  ColuQ'J 
a  mouth  of 
of  tha  next 
bip.    Frodi 
a  was  o««ap 
fiir-traden. 
,n  exploring 
]  the  winter 
After  this 
en  became 
Indson  Bay 
>miti7,  (bot 
ionte6t8,)till 
4ft»  N.  lati-" 
n  ^Vom  the 
ement  «om- 
at  in  (nture 
in  the  com" 
arly  that  of 
territory  of 
part  of  Ore- 


WASHINGTOW,  a  territonr  oeeapyintr  the  «x- 
ti'^me  N.  W.  portion  of  the  dfomain  of  the  United 
S  -  PS  of  North  America.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
h}  the  Straits  of  Juan  de  Fuoa  (t'liich  separates  it 
fr  m  Vancouver's  Island)  and  British  America,  E,  by 
the  Kooky  Mountains,  8.  by  Oregon,  (the  Columhia 
River  forming  about  half  the  boundary  Hue,)  and  W. 
by  the  Pacitlo  Ocean.  It  lies  (with  the  exception  of 
a  small  bend  in  the  Columbia  Kivcr)  between  46°  and 
40«  N.  lat,  and  between  110»  and  t25«'  W.  Ion. ;  bfr 
iiig  about  60U  miks  in  its  greatest  length  from  K.  to 
•  W.,  ond  about  209  in  width  from  N.  to  8,,  forming 
nearly  a  porallclogram,  with  an  area  of  perhaps 
1:!3,0;22  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country  and  Mountains. — The  same  gen- 
eral dcsoriptiun  of  the  surface  as  given  iii  On-gonwill 
ap|>ly  to  Washington,  except  that  the  Blue  Mountain 
llnnyo  is  more  broken  and  scattend  N.  of  the  Colum 
bia  iiiver.  The  principal  peaks  of  the  Cascade 
Kango  in  this  <2ivision  are  Mount  St.  Helen's, 
Mount  Adams,  Mount  i^nier,  and  Motmt  B.-iker. 
Mount  Oly  minis,  the  highest  peak  of  the  Coast  Range, 
Ima  an  elevotion  of  8,197  feet  Most  of  these  peaks 
ort!  clothed  with  perpetual  snow.  Mount  St.  Hdon's 
mid  Mount  liainier  have  been  ror<pcctively  estimrtcd 
at  13,800  and  12,000  feet  elevation. 

Mineral*. — There  has  been  little  opportunity  as  Vflt 
to  develop  the  mineral  resourccc  of  this  new  territory. 
Cuui  has,  -however,  been  discovered  on  or  near  Bel- 
liii({liam  Bay,  accompanied  by  the  new  red  sandstone, 
which  furnishes  a  tine  building  material ;  20  or  80 
miles  up  the  Cowlitz  River,  ana  in  the  region  a'lout 
I'ugct's  Sound,  ^1  abundance.  Fossil  oopal  exists  on 
the  shores  of  tbfl  Paoifia,  N.  of  the  Columbia 
Hirer. 

ff«i»«r*,  Bay$,  Sounds,  *nd  Inlandt. — Tha  Colombia 
River  enters  the  territory  from  Britirh  America,  and 
crosses  it  first  in  a  S.  W.,  and  then  in  a  S.  direction, 
till  it  arrives  a  little  below  46"  N.  lat.,  when  it  turns 
westwakJly  and  forms  the  8.  boundary  from  th«  point 
just  named  to  iU  moutb  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  This 
river  divides  Washington  Tcrritoiy  into  two  parts, 
bavinc  the  larger  i)ortion  on  the  £.  The  Okanagan 
from  British  Amo<-'l<;a  is  its  principal  branch  on  the 
N.,  and  Yfckinia  in  the  southern  part  of  the  territory  ; 
both  of  these  rivew  enter  the  Columbia  from  the  W. 
On  the  E.,  procsiding  in  ow'er  southwsnlly,  its  tribu^ 
taries  aro  tlie  Flathead  or  Clarke's,  Spokane,  Sap^n 
or  Lewis,  and  Walla  Walla  Rivers.  The  CWVe's  and 
Lewis  are  la)r|«  rivers,  having  their  sonroes  in  Uie 
Rocky  Mountain* ;  all  run  in  a  N.  W.  direction.  The 
Lewis  ami  the  Walla  Walia  have  the  principal  part  of 
(Iiiir  courses  in  Oregon.  The  Spokane  drains  the 
n-.iddle  of  the  £.  division  ;  McGilhvray's  or  Flatbow 
drains  the  N.  E.  part  of  Waahington,  and  joins  the 
Columbia  in  British  America.  The  Cowlitz,  the  prin- 
.  ci{ml  branch  of  ihe  Columbia  W.  of  the  Cascade 
Range,  has  n  course  of  perhaps  100  miles.  C^ckalis 
or  CLickalees,  about  180  miles  long,  is  the  only  river 
of  importance  discharging  its  waters  directly  into  the 
Puoirio  from  this  territory,  except  the  Columbia.  The 
Straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca,  between  Washington  and 
Vancouver's  luknd,  connect  the  Pacific  Ocean  with 
Admiralty  Inlet,  Fuget's  Sound,  aud  Hood's  Canal, 
all  arms  of  a  great  boy  extending  about  60  or  70tidles 


in  a  8.  direction  f^om  the  Oulf  of  Georgia,  and  all 
navigable  for  the  largest  ships,  which  may  moor  to 
the  very  banks,  such  is  <,he  precipitousness  of  iU 
shores.  Gray's  Harbor,  an  expauBiuu  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Chukalis  lUvcr,  in  about  47"  N.  lat..  Baa  ca- 
pacity tot  only  a  snail  amount  of  sliipping.  The 
Columbia,  though  navigable  for  ocean  craft  to  the 
Cascades,  is  much  obstructed  near  its  mouth  by  sand- 
bars ard  shallows,  which  make  tlio  navigation  difH- 
cult,  an  1  have  caused  the  loss  uf  mnnv  vessels.  The 
rest  of  this,  as  *ell  as  other  rivers  in  Washington,  are 
only  navigable  bv  boatt  and  canoes,  being  much  ob- 
structed by  rajpiJs  and  foils.  The  principal  of  these 
ore  Kettle  Folfs  in  the  ColumOia  River,  just  below  the 
mouth  of  Clarke's  Rircr.  Shoalwater  Bay,  8.  of 
Gray's  Harbor,  opens  into  the  Pacific  by  a  narrow  in- 
let. BelUngham  Buy  is  an  omi  of  the  Gulf  of  Geor- 
gia near  the  N.  W.  extremity  of  Washington.  A 
large  lake,  surrounded  by  extensive  prairies,  is  re- 
ported to  have  been  found  some  10  or  20  miles  back 
from  the  bay.  Elliott  Bay  is  on  the  E.  side  of  Ad- 
miralty Inlet.  There  are  several  lakes  in  Washington, 
mostly  in  the  eastern  portion,  near  the  foot  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  among  which  is  Flathead  Lake,  one 
of  the  sources  of  Clarke's  River,  and  Lake  Kulle- 
spelin,  an  expansion  of  the  same  river.  The  rivers 
of  Washington,  particularly  W.  of  the  Cascade 
Slountoins,  having  thifr  sources  in  those  snowy  sum- 
mits, are  Uable  to  sudden  floods,  which  inundate  the 
lowlands  on  their  shores.  The  rapids  and  fnJIs  abound 
in  splendid  sites  for  mill-teats.  Cape  Flattery,  the 
entiance  cf  Juan  de  Fuoa  Straits,  aud  Cape  Disap- 
pointment, within  the  entrancA  of  the  Columbia  River, 
are  the  principal  capes.  There  arc  no  largo  islands 
on  this  coast.  The  most  important  is  Destruction  or 
Ifle  of  Grief,  about  40  miles  8.  of  Cape  Flattery  Tn 
Admiralty  Inlet  is  Whidby's  Island,  about  40  tnuea 
long,  covered  with  fertile  prairirs,  and  noted  for  it« 
deer.  It  has  sufticient  timber,  but  a  scarcity  of 
water.  North  west  of  it  are  the  Arroo  Islands,  so 
Tclnable  for  their  fisherise. 

Climate,  Soil,  and  Productions. — ^The  climate  is  very 
similar  to  that  of  '^re^on,  with  some  variation* 
caused  by  difference  oi  latitude  and  loeal  peeuliaritiea. 
The  same  may  be  said  of  the  soil. 

"Ftrest  Trees. — Washington  abounds  in  fine  '^mber. 
Here  is  tiie  same  specie  of  gigautio  fir  tree  which  is 
found  in  Oregon  and  California. 

Animnh.—\siang  the  wild  animsla  arc  the  elk, 
deer,  bear,  fox,  otter,  beaver,  moskrat,  and  rabbit. 
Among  birds,  s-vans,  geese,  brtmt,  gulls,  ducks,  eagles, 
grouse,  pheasants,  partridges,  and  woodcock.  Fish 
also  aboonds.  Cud,  mackerel,  halibut,  herring,  aud 
flonndera ;  and  of  shell  fish,  the  oyster,  crab,  clam, 
lobster,  and  many  other  species  are'ioand. 

Internal  Improvemmls. — A  read  is  opened  ttom  Pu- 
gct's  Sound  to  Walla  WalJo,  on  the  Cohimbia  River, 
and  to  Mary's  Valley.  The  exploring  party  umlir 
Governor  Stevens  found,  near  the  sources  of  Maria's 
River,  a  pass  nuitAble  for  a  railroad,  estimated  to  be 
2500  feet  lower  than  the  Soijth  Pass  of  Fremont. 

Population, — Of  its  populati<»i  we  have  no  separate, 
statisties. 

Government. — ^Tho  Government  is  in  all  respect* 
similar  to  that  of  other  territories. 


W 


..^iiiii 


^ 


ttmtm 


I 


UTAH. 


UTAH,  a  lerritopy  of  the  CTnited  Statw  of  North 
Amfricft,  originuJly  *  p»rt  of  the  territory  of  Upper 
C»liforni«,  eedcd  to  the  United  SUtee  by  the  treaty 
with  Mexico  in  1848,  wm  erected  into  •  »cp«r«te  ter- 
ritory in  3850.  It  ii.boundcd  on  the  N.  hj  Oregon, 
E.  by  Indian  Territory  and  New  Mexico,  8.  bT  New 
Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  by  California.  The  Uoeky 
Mountains  separate  it  from  Indian  Territory,  and  the 
Sierra  Nevada  partly  from  California.  It  lies  between 
ST"  and  42"  N.  lat.,  and  between  105°  80'  and  120«" 
W.  Ion.,  being  about  700  miles  In  extreme  length  from 
E.  to  W.,  and  847  mih's  broad  from  N.  to  S  ,  and  in- 
eluding  an  area  of  209,170square  miles,  or  172.208,800 
acres-  of  which  only  16,833  were  improved  in  1850. 

Face  of  the  Country,  Af.,  *«.— This  extensive 
region  is  generally  an  elevated  and  barren  table-land, 
divided  iuto  Kuetjual  portions  by  the  Sierra  Madre 
ilonntoins,  b-at  having  the  larger  to  the  W.  of  them. 
The  western  jieotion,  tnown  as  the  Great  or_  Fremont 
Basin,  is  h«  »ined  in  by  mountains  on  all  sides,  hav- 
ing the  Blue  Mountains  of  Oregon  on  the  N.,  the 
Wahsatch  Mountains  on  the  E.,  tho  Sierra  Nevada  on 
toe  W.,  and  trsasverse  spurs  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
on  the  S,  Tho  basin  has  an  extent  of  about  500  miles 
from  E.  to  W.,  by  850  miles  from  N.  to  S.,  and  a  gen- 
eral elevation  of  from  4000  to  6000  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  "  with  ite  own  system  of  lakes  and 
rivers,  but  having  no  communication  with  the  ocean." 
The  enstem  portion  is  covered  with  a  white  incrusta- 
tion of  saUao  and  alkaline  matter,  and  tho  western 
with  a  mixture  of  salt,  sand,  and  clay,  in  wliich  ani- 
mals sink  to  their  knees.  Several  detaehcd  mountains 
traverse  this  basin,  the  principal  of  which  are  the 
Humboldt  River  Mountains,  which  run  from  N.  to  8. 
near  the  centre  of  the  basin,  having  an  elevation  of 
from  2000  to  5000  feet  above  the  surrounding  uann- 
try.  The  Wahsatch  Mountains  rise  from  4000  to 
7000  feet  above  the  neighboring  valleys,  and  some 
reach  the  height  of  perpetual  snow.  Some  of  the 
vidleys  m  the  southern  j.art  of  tho  settled  country 
have' an  elevation  of  about  COOO  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  A  great  valley,  more  sterile  even  than 
the  western  section,  occupies  the  region  between  the 
Wahsatch  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Lakes  and  Rivers. — Great. Salt  Jjike  is  the  promi- 
nent object  to  be  considercd.in  treating  of  the  waters 
of  Utah.  This  extensive  and  peculiar  sheet  of  water, 
lying  N.  E.  from  the  centre  of  tho  territory,  is  about 
70  miles  long  and  80  miles  wide,  with  no  visibla  out- 
let. The  water  is  so  highly  saline  that  no  living  thing 
can  exist  in  it,  and  by  the  evaporation  in  hot  weather, 
leaves  on  its  shores  a  thick  incrustation  of  salt.  About 
26  miles  S.  of  this,  and  communicating  with  it  by  the 
river  Jordan,  is  Utah  Lake,  a  body  of  fresh  water  about 
85  milea  in  length.  It  is  stored  with  trout  and  other 
fish.  These  lakes  are  elevated  from  4200  to  1500  feet 
above  the  sea.  Pyramid  Lake,  on  the  sIojm  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  is,  according  to  Fremont, 
about  700  feet  higher  than  Salt  Lake,  and  receives  its 
name  from  a  pyramidal  rock  which  rises  from  the 
midst  of  its  waters.  In  the  interior  are  several  small 
lakes,  whiah  are  the  reeipicnts  of  the  streams  of  the 


inUrior  basin,  and  ar«  often  men  riaki  «r  ilonghi. 
The  most  importent  of  these  known  arc  Nieollet  Laks, 
about  the  middle  of  the  territory,  and  Lake  Ashley, 
perhaps  76  miles  S.  of  it.  Fear  the  eastern  base  of 
tho  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  are  also  several  lakes, 
which  receive  the  waters  of  th«  eastern  slope  of  these 
mountains.  The  principal  of  these  are  Mud,  Pyra- 
mid, Carson's,  and  Walker's  Lakes.  About  60  milea 
R.  of  Pyramid  Laki^  is  Humboldt's  Lake,  formed  by 
the  waters  of  Humboldt  Raver.  These  laker  have 
evidently  no  outlet  but  by  evaporation,  whieh  in  some 
instances,  in  hot  weather,  reduces  them  to  mere 
marshes  or. sinks. 

As  btfore  stated,  tho  rivers  of  the  Groat  Basin  have 
no  apparent  connexion  with  the  ocean,  but  all  either 
discharge  themselves  into  the  interior  lakes,  or  are 
absorbed  by  the  sands  of  the  deserts.  The  largest 
of  these  streams  is  the  Humboldt  River,  having  iU 
sources  in  tho  western  declivities  of  the  mountain  of 
that  name,  and  flows  8.  W.  about  800  miles  Into  the 
lake  above  described.  One  of  the  overland  routes 
to  California  is  along  this  river,  whose  sliorcs  afford  a 
precarious  pasturage  for  the  animals  of  the  caravans. 
The  Nieollet  River  rises  in  the  8.  part  of  the  terri- 
tory, flows  N.,  aad  then  W.  ^or  nearly  the  same  dis- 
tance as  the  Humboldt,  and^mpties  i«elf  into  Nicol- 
let Lake.  In  the  N.  E.  part  of  tho  basin  Bear  River 
enters  the  territory  from  Oregon,  and  is  the  principal 
tributary  of  Great  Salt  Lake.  Tho  Green  and  Grand 
Rivers  tniverse  the  eastern  basin  or  valley,  and 
thence  flow  8.  W.  into  New  Mexico.  The  Grand 
River,  the  most  eastern  branch,  rising  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  flows  S.  W.  to  meet  Green  River,  which  is 
the  larger  tributary,  and  has  its  sources  in  the  8.  E.  part 
of  Oregon.  The  former  has  a  course  of  aboUt  800, 
and  the  latter  of  about  400  miles. 

O^eeta  of  Interest  to  Tourists.— Of  these  there  is 
no  scarcity  in  this  widely  extended  territory.  Among 
the  most  remarkable  objects  of  tliis  region  is  the 
Great  Salt  Lake.    In  the  saltness  of  its  waters,  in 
the  circumstance  of  its  having  no  outlet,  and  being 
fed  from  another  smaller  and  fresh  wat«r  lake,  (with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  stream  called  the  "  Jor- 
don,")  and  in  the  ruggetl  and  repulsive  character  of 
some  portions  of  the  surrounding  region,  it  bears  a 
remarkable  resemblance  to  tho  I^ead  Sea  of  Pales- 
tine.   Instead,  however,  of  lying  1000  foct  below,  it 
is  more  than  4000  feet  above  the  levd  of  the  sea  ;  its 
waters,  moreover,  beinff  an  almost  pure  solution  of 
common  salt,  are  free  from  that  pungency  and  nau- 
seous taste  which  characterize  those  of  the  Dead  Sea. 
The  Pyramid  Lake,  already  referred  to,  embosomed 
in  the   Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  with  the  sing'ilor 
pyramidal  mount  rising  from  its  transparent  waters 
to  the  height  of  perhaps  600  feet,  and  walW  Jc^ 
almost  perpendicular  precipices,  in  some  places  8000 
feet  high,  has  nothmg,  we  believe,  similar  to  it  within 
the  borders  of  the  United   States.     The   Boiling 
Springs,  in  about  in"  80-  W.  Ion.,  and  Se"  N.  lat., 
are  described  bv  Fremont  as  boiling  up  at  irregular 
inwrvals  with 'much  noise.    The  largest  basin  he 
represents  as  being  several  hundred  feet  in  cireumfer- 


w 


■■  )] 


-J. 


eoUet  L«k4, 
tke  Afbley, 
im  bue  of 
Tcral  lahci, 
[tp«  of  these 
llud,  FjTik 
nt  60  miles 
,  fonned  by 
l«km  have 
liieh  in  soui« 
in  to   mer« 

t  Basin  h»T« 
it  kU  either 
kVcR,  or  are 
The  largest 
,  having  its 
nounUin  of 
ies  into  the 
■land  routes 
arcs  afford  a 
he  caravans, 
of  the  terri- 
le  same  dis- 
r  into  Niool- 
tBear  River 
he  principal 
a  and  Grand 
valley,  and 
The  Grand 
I  the  Kookj* 
ycr,  which  u 
the  S.E.  part 
>f  about  800, 

tiese  there  is 
ory.  Among 
•egion  is  the 
its  waters,  in 
ct,  and  being 
r  lake,  (with 
}d  t)»e  "Jor- 
charaoter  of 
m,  it  bears  a 
iea  of  Palcs- 
foct  below,  it 
r  the  8#a  ;  its 
e  solution  of 
aoy  and  naa- 
;he  Dead  Sea. 
>,  embosomed 
the  singular 
parent  waters 
wall'?''  JE  by 

>  places  8000 
ir  to  it  within 
The  Boiling 
I  89"  N.  lat., 

>  at  irregular 
>est  basin  be 
t  in  oireumfer- 


'M 


enee,  and  having  a  eironlar  space  at  one  end  15  foot 
in  diameter,  ontirtly  filli.i  with  boiling  water.  A 
pole  10  feet  in  length  was  entirolv  submerged  on 
thrustinK  il  down  noar  the  ci-ntrc.  Iriio  temperature 
of  the  water  near  the  eii(;e  was  20C».  Tiio  same  au- 
thority dcH.ribti  an  ap|)iaranoi'  similar  to  the  mira- 
ges of  the  jf'eat  dosertH  of  tliu  Old  World.  In  trav- 
eling over  the  snit  deserta  of  the  Fremont  Unsin,  tlicy 
saw  their  party  reflected  in  the  air,  probahlv,  as  Fre- 
mont suggmts,  from  saline  uorticles  floating  in  the 
atmosphere. 

Ctmale.—A»  elsewhere  remarked,  the  climate  of 
the  great  plateau  between  the  Jtooky  and  Sierra  Ne- 
vada Mountains  seems  to  partake  of  the  '  —loteris- 
tics  of  the  great  Tartar  plains  of  Asia. 

Soil,  +«.— The  greater  part  of  the  territ.../  is  bar- 
ren, much  of  it  mountninons  and  scantily  watered, 
and  having  soil  strongly  charged  with  nlkajics,  which 


permit  no  vegetation  except  tlio  worthloM  artomisia 
or  wild  sage.  The  lakes,  except  Itali  Lai;.',  me  gen- 
erally oaline,  the  Gnat  Salt  Jjike  h.  iiijj  the  largest 
body  of  saltwater,  iincorine<.ted  with  the  ocean,  on 
this  continent.  IJenvir,  Cnclio,  I)avir!,  nnd  i>ortinn8 
of  Halt  bike,  San  Pete,  Waslilni/ton,  Wiwnteh,  and 
Wcher  Counties  have  some  nralili!  land. 

OovtTnment.—lhc  poverunient  of  Utoh  is  similar 
J  thot  of  other  territories. 

^  Wij/ory.— Utah  was  a  part  of  the  territory  of  Upper 
CaJiforiiift,  nopiired  from  Mexico  by  the  treaty  of 
1848,  after  the  eonelimion  of  the  lato  war  with  that 
country.  Previous  to  18)7,  when  the  Mormons  com- 
menced directing  their  Kt(  ps  thither,  it  had  been  in 
jK)8«eHsion  of  the  miserable  tribes  that  gained  a  most 
precarious  living  from  its  ehnrli»h  soil-  undisturbed, 
except  by  the  occosioiml  visits  of  exploring  parties 
or  roaming  trappers  and  hunters. 


IDAHO. 


Away  np  in  the  Rooky  Mountain  region,  north  of 
Utah  and  Colorado,  and  west  of  Nebrnnkn,  lies  the 
new  territory  of  iduho,  pronounced  with  the  accent 
on  the  firet  and  last  syllables.  It  eniJiraees  4"  of  lat- 
itude— from  41  to  46  in  the  eastern  half,  and  from  42 
to  40  in  the  western  half— nnd  1;;"  of  longitude— 
from  lti4  to  117.  The  pony  express  route  from  Mia- 
so;.jri  to  Coiifornia  traverses  tlie  eastern  half  of  it. 
Ths  Koeky  Mountitins  form  a  gigantic  back  bone, 
stfitching  up  northwesterly  from  the  South  Pass,  and 
innumerable  rivers  act  as  the  veins  and  arteries,  car- 
rying off  the  melted  snow  from  those  high  latitudes 
and  sending  their  tribute  to  the  Father  of  Waters.  A 
few  years  ago  no  white  man  resided  within  ita  wide 
limits. 

The  Congress  of  18C3  passfd  nn  net  orgiini/.ing  a 
tiTriiorial  government  for  Idaho,  carving  it  out  from 
Oregon,  Dacotah  and  Washington  Territories,  jii,?t  us 
the  Territory  of  Colorado  has" been  carved  out  from 
Kansas,  Nebraska,  nnd  Utah.  Its  officers  consist  of  a 
Governor,  Secretary,  three  Judges,  a  District  Attor- 
ney, and  a  Marshal.  A  Territorial  Legislature  or 
oouiioil  is  to  be  convened  to  adopt  a  code  of  laws  for 
the  new  territory,  nnd  thus,  the  usual  machintj-y  be- 
ing put  in  motion,  Idaho  takes  her  place  as  one  of  the 
nascent  States  of  the  Union. 

Very  liitio  is  known  of  the  resources  of  the  new  ter- 
ritory ;  but  it»  principal  attraction  at  this  time  is  its 
supposed  mineral  wealth.  In  the  autumn  of  1801 
discoveries  were  made  showing  that  go'd  actually  ex- 
isted in  that  region,  afad  was  found  to  be  in  paying 
quantities.  These  mines  are  said  to  be  located  on  the 
head  of  Salmon  River— a  tributary  of  the  Columbia 
In  the  spring  of  18C2  there  was  a  rush  from  Califor- 
nia. Salt  Lake,  and  Pike's  Peak,  and  the  country  was 
pretty  well  prospected.  As  soon  as  navigation  ojwned 
three  or  tour  hundred  persons  from  St.  Louis  passed 
up  the  Missouri  ns  far  as  Fort  Bentor ,  on  the  boata  of 


the  Amenean  Fur  Company.  The  most  of  thcso 
St.  Louis  emigrants  were  sent  under  the  nu."pices  of 
the  American  Exploring  and  Mining  Company.  From 
Fort  Benton  they  found  a  g.K)d  road  to  the  gold  fields, 
180  mil<  s  distant.  This  rouU-  bids  fair  to  bo  the  one 
most  to  be  traviled  by  gold  seekers. 

In  the  early  part  of  tlie  season  the  miners  were  not 
very  guccessful ;  but  about  the  1st  of  September 
rich  placers  w«irc  found,  from  which  the  miners  were 
said  to  have  realized  from  twenty  to  forty  dollars  per 
ilay.  These  discoveries  were  made  on  'tJrnsshopper 
Creek,  near  the  three  forks  of  the  Miss  nu-i,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Big  Hole  Prairie.  Mines  were  opened  oi 
Gold  Creek  uiul  Prickly  Pear  Valley  which  yieldd 
hnely.  1  ho  gold  is  of  a  very  fine  quality,  known 
among  minors  as  scale  gold,  and  at  the  Mint  would  be 
worth  !pl9.5i)  per  ounce. 

On  Dear  Lodge  Creek  extensive  placers  wf  r«  open- 
ed, and  late  in  the  autumn  the  miners  laid  out  n  town 
on  that  stream,  at  the  junction  of  Mullan's  Road 
nnd  the  fiimous  road  constructed  by  the  lomented 
Lander.  The  valley  of  this  str.  nm  is  described  os 
one  of  the  fintst  in  the  vicinity*,  abounding  in  game 
of  every  variety  to  be  found  in  the  mounti>ins.  At 
In-t  accounts  Deir  Lodge  City,  as  the  new  town  was 
called,  though  but  a  few  months  old,  bonated  nearly 
a  hundred  houses. 

All  the  valleys  on  the  head  waters  of  the  Missouri 
are  exceedingly  fertile.  It  is  thought  that  the  whole 
region  wdl  prove  well    adapted  for   farming   pur- 

Tho  new  gold  r.iines  are  180  miles  frv>m  Fort  Ben- 
ton, 4r>0  miles  from  Fort  Walla  Walla,  and  300  miles 
from  Salt  Ijikc  City.  They  are  known  to  exist  over 
a  belt  of  country  100  miles  in  length  by  about  10  in 
width.  The  ihet  thnt  gold  has  deen  found  along  the 
Rooky  Mountaini  kflds  to  the  belief  that  the  whole 
region  i*  aariferous. 


rr 


.M 


OOLOI^ADO. 


COLORADO  waa  orgnnizcd  M«roh  2,  1861.  Capi- 
tal, Denver  City.  Area,  !00,0<)O  gqunre  miles.  Pop- 
ulation, 1800,  42,588,  of  whom  0000  are  tribal  Indiana, 
p'inoipally  Amphoea  and  Utca.  Estimated  popular 
tion  in  1602,  70,000. 

Princtpal  Touina. — Denver  City,  the  eapiul  of  tlie 
territory,  in  situated  on  tlie  South  Fork  of  Platte 
Kiver,  near  the  border  of  the  Orrat  Amei-ican  Desert, 
in  tlie  northern  central  portion  of  the  territory ;  Cen- 
tre! City,  npor  the  base  of  Pike's  Peak,  is  a  thriving 
busy  town  of  over  10,000  inhabitants  ;  Colorado  City,. 
on  an  affluent  of  the  Arkansas,  and  Nevada  City,  ar<s 
also  in  tho  vicinity  of  Pike's  Peak.  There  are'  also 
several  ooneidemble  settluraenta  in  tho  western  slope 
of  the  Snowy  Mountains,  in  the  region  of  the  silver 
mines. 

Mines  and  Mining. — ^The  territorj*  unqneationably 
possesses  vast  mineral  wealth.  Discoveries  of  gold 
were  reported  in  18o8  as  having  been  made  by  two 
companies  of  explorers,  one  from  Ocorgia,  the  other 
from  Lawrence,  Kansas,  but  the  locations  named  by 
tiiem  have  not  furnished  any  remunerative  diggings , 
but  on  the  6th  of  May,  1850,  discoveries  of  noli 
placers  wore  made  on  the  hcad-wuters  of  Clear  Credk, 
an  affluent  of  the  South  Fo^k  of  Platte,  near  the  site 
of  what  is  now  Denver  City,  and  an  immense  emi- 
gration to  that  point  commenced  the  ensuing  sum  • 
mer,  accompanied  with  great  suffering  from  the  want 
of  proper  supplies  of  food,  Aa.  The  first  g«ld  wo* 
obtained  from  piaoer  diggings,  but  these  after  a  time 
gave  out,  and  the  quortz  lodes  were  found  charged 
with  aulphurite  of  iron  (iron  pyrites,  or  fooi's  gold), 
and  it  was  thought  that  quarts  mining  would  prove 
unprofitable.  In  1861,  however,  it  ^as  discovered 
^at  this  sulphuret  was  very  rich  in  ^old,  and  tho 
quartz  mills,  which  had  been  thrown  aaufe  as  worth- 
less, came  again  into  demand.  It  is  now  found  that 
these  quartz  lodes  grow  richer  as  they  are  opened  to  a 
greater  depth ;  and  the  mining  in  1^2  in  thd  terri- 
tory yielded  very  rich  returns.  The  Gregory  Dig- 
g^gs,  Governor  Evau  fonnd,  bj  earsful  inquiry, 


wonld  vield  in  1662  over  18,000,000,  and  tba  other 
gojd  fii'ids  c«irt4iinlT  »»  much  more  ;  and  their  pro- 
duotivcn.iM  was  only  Umitcd  by  th*  number  of  miners 
employed.  On  the  western  «ttop«  of  the  Snowy 
Mountains  extensive  silver  mines  have  been  discov- 
ered, and  also  gold  in  considerable  quantities.  De- 
posits of  lead  and  quiokoilver  ores  nave  also  been 
found  in  the  territory.  Near  Denver  City,  at  the  base 
of  the  mountains,  immense  beds  of  coal  have  recently 
been  discovered,  of  a  uharacter  analogous  to  the  coal 
formationf  of  Illinois.  This  dissovcry  is  highly  im- 
portant, not  only  as  furnishing  a  needed  supply  of 
fuel  to  the  territory,  which  Is  scantily  timbered,  but 
also  for  tho  supply  of  the  zreat  Pacific  Railway,  which 
will  probably  pass  tlirongh  this  region,  its  route  being 
as  near  as  practicable,  to  tho  fortieth  parallel  of 
latitude,  just  below  wliich  Denver  City  ts  situated. 
A  tunnel  will  bo  rcquirea  through  the  Snowy  Moun- 
tains, at  tii's  point,  of  some  three  miles,  but  the  re- 
mainder uf  the  route  is  far  more  feasible  than  any 
uthcr,  ns  a  long  level  valley  extends  IVom  the  western 
slope  of  the  mountains  to  Great  Salt  Lake  City.  The 
granite  of  the  mountains  is  not  so  solid  lA  that  of  the 
mountains  in  tho  Eastern  States,  having  numerous 
veins,  and  being,  much  of  'A,  easily  broken  down. 

The  eastern  portion  of  Colorado  will  hurdly  ever 
admit  of 'a  dense  population,  being  a  partof  theGroat 
American  Desert,  which,  though  c/.vinpying  small 
tracts  in  New  Mexico,  Kansas,  and  Nebr.wka,  mainly 
lies  in  Norf.h  western  Taxes  and  EnBtern  Colorado. 

The  Conlribulions  of  Colorado  Territory  to  the  VtJ- 
unteer  Army. — Notwithstanding  its  recent  orgaciiatiou 
and  the  pressing  necessity  fur  home  defence  from  the 
Indian  tribes  in  it«  vicinity,  most  of  whom  bad  been 
tampered  with  by  the  Confederate  commissionera, 
Colorado  promptly  responded  to  the  call  of  the  Presi- 
dent for  troops,  and  two  regiments  of  cavalry  were 
raised  and  sent  into  the  field  in  1801.  In  1S62  an 
infantry  regiment  and  a  battery  of  artillery  wero 
raised  for  government  service  abroad,  and  a  volouteer 
militia  force  organized  for  Itom*  defease. 


D  A  C  0  T  A . 


DAKOTA  was  organized  in  1861.  Capital,  Yank- 
ion.  Area,  826,000  square  mihs.  Population,  1800, 
44,501,  of  which  89,604  were  tribal  Indians. 

The  climate  of  Dakota  iaymild  and  healthful  The 
principal  settlement*  ar«  Sioux  Falls,  on  th»  Big 
Sioux  River,  near  the  Minnesota  lin«.  Elk  Point,  Brn- 
ley  Creek,  Vermillion,  Yankton  (the  territoriol  capi- 
tal, on  the  Missouri  60  miles  fh>m  the  Iowa  line,  and 
and  About  dne  west  of  Chicago) ;  Bonhomme,  Green- 
wood, and  Fort  Raadall,  also  on  the  Missouri ,  and 
Pembina,  in  the  north-east  of  the  ierritorjr.  The 
TanktoA  and  Ponka  Indians,  who  ceded  their  lands 
(navly  14,000,000  of  ueres)  t«  the  Government,  have 
■■  «ztaMiT«  rsasrvatioa  •«  tita  Miasaari  River,  Ci 


i^aci 


w 


miles  above  Yankton,  and  have  betome  dooiieiled  aa<l 
are  giving  attcition  to  agriculture.  They  number 
about  8000. 

The  territory  yi^tda  large  amounta  of  fium  a»d 
peltries. 

The  gold  bearing  rocks  of  the  Rooky  Moontaiu 
slope  ara  said  by  ge«l<^i8ts  to  extend  into  Dakof ' ; 
ana  in  the  summer  of  180'i  a  gold  field,  apparency 
of  considerable  e'^.t^nt,  and  yirlding  in  the  placer-dig' 
gings  large  quantities  of  suaie  gold,  was  discovered 
on  Grosehoppcr  Creek,  a  triitntary  of  the  Missouri, 
near  the  line  of  Nebraska,  and  a  setticmeot  was  rir- 
g.inized  tlicrs  on  tlxa  27th  *t  A»j;ust,  1862,  daUad  tk« 
y*rth-westerK  DisWieV 


mS» 


tt" 


.  .„.;Vii.-..s=»iw»wwCB* 


uiww'y 


.M 


NH),  and  tbe  othtr 
I ;  Mill  their  pro- 
number  of  minen 
B  of  tb«  Snowy 
uiro  been  duAOT- 
9  outntitiM.  Do- 
ll nave  alao  been 
•T  City,  at  the  biuo 
oool  have  r«oently 
logons  to  the  coal 
'try  is  highly  im- 
neeikd  supply  of 
itily  timbered,  but 
tio  Railway,  which 
on,  it*  route  being 
rtieth  paralleJ  of 
'  City  ts  situated, 
the  Snowy  Moun- 
tnilcR,  but  the  re- 
)  feasible  than  any 
I  from  the  western 
t  Lake  City.  The 
jlid  lA  that  of  the 
having  numerona 
brckon  down. 

0  will  hartlly  ever 
a  part  of  the  Groat 

(VCviiipying   small 
Nebr.wka,  maiuly 
stern  Colorado. 
errUoty  to  the  Vul- 
'coent  organizatio!! 

1  defenoo  from  the 
r  whom  had  been 
it«  eomvnisaioncrs, 
e  eall  of  the  Presi- 
t  of  cavalry  were 
1801.  In  1862  an 
of  artillery  wero 
A,  and  •  Tolouteer 
f«a««. 


ome  doiuieiled  imi 
e.     They  number 

inta  of  tun   a»d 

Raoky  MoDntaitt 
tend  into  Dakol    ; 

field,  apparently 
[  in  the  plaecr-d%- 
d,  WM  discoverwl 
y  of  the  MiMiouri, 
MtUement  was  osr- 
t,  li(62,  .MOIad  iU 


NEVADA. 


NEVADA.  Ora«ni«ed  March  2,  1801.  Capital, 
Carson  City.  EstimaUd  area,  HO.OOO  snuare  miles. 
TopuSation,  18«0,  60,6(18,  of  which  10,201  are  Indians 
on  reservations,  and  7660  tribal  Indians,  monlly  I'oii. 
Utet.  Shoshonoos,  and  Bunnooks. 

A  general  election  for  territorial  and  county  officers 
is  held  annunjly  on  the  first  Wcdncsdov  of  Hcftenibt'r. 
The  Legislative  Assembly  of  Nevada  ounsisU  of  a 
Council  and  House  of  RepresentAtives,  and  t-ouvenea 
annually  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  November.  The 
session  is  hm'ted  to  forty  days.  The  Council  is  com- 
posed of  thirteen  incmbcrs,  elected  for  two  years. 
The  House  6f  llepresentatives  is  composed  of  twe-ty- 
six  members,  elected  for  one  year.  Each  House 
chooses  all  of  its  own  officers.  The  compensation  of 
the  members  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  is  $3  per 
day,  and  mileage  at  the  nito  of  $3  for  every  20  miles 
of  travel  to  and  from  the  territorial  cni)ita1. 

The  District  Attorneys  and  Probate  Judges  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  for  two  ycarB.  The  other 
county  omccrs  are  elected  by  the  peoj)Ie  for  two  years. 
The  County  Clerk  is  Clerk  of  the  Probate  Court  and 
Clerk  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  and 
also,  «  officio.  County  Auditor. 

This  territory  received,  r '  the  second  session  of  the 
87  th  Congrtsa  (1801-2),  an  addiUon  of  a  dtrip  of  land 
1"  of  longitude  in  width,  vir.,  from  the  88th  'o  89th 
degree  west  from  Washington,  which  v  :  t-'-  u  from 
Utah.  Thb  addition  increases  its  orea  nearly  oni -fourth. 

The  whole  territory  is  rich  in  mineral  wealth.  Of 
its  nine  organized  counties,  seven  have  already  numer- 
ous mines  of  either  gold  or  silver;  and  the  richest 
silver  mines  in  the  United  States  are  found  in  Storey 
county.  That  county  sent,  ia  October,  1862,  a  oontn- 


;  buUon  of  120,220.22  to  the  Sanitary  Commissio.i,  in 
'eight  mossive  silver  bara,  five  of  which  weighed  111 
I  jmuiuls  each.     Quieksilver,  lead,  and  antimony  are 
!  aluo  found  in  great  abundance.    The  Ophir  mines,  in 
I  Washoe  county,  were  the  first  silver  mines  which 
flttracied  attention.     Thev  ore  in  the  western  part  of 
j  tlu(  county,  and  are  to  fie  oonneoted  by  a  railroad 
with   Virginia  City,  the  capital   of   Storey  county. 
1  hu  jirinoipal  towns  of  the  territory  are  Virginia  City, 
I  having  in  October,  1862,  nn  estimated  population  of 
8000,  and  the  place  of  most  business  in  the  territory ; 
I  Caraon  City,  the  tcr  >rinl  capital,  oi.d  county  seat 
of  Ormsby  oouaty,  i  ;00  inhabitants  ;  Silver  City,  in 
'Lyon  coimtv-,  1000  inhabitants;  OoH  Hill,   Storey 
I  county,   1500  inlmbitanta  ;  Waahoo  City  and  Ophir, 
'  \S  aslioo  county ;  Humboldt,  Humboldt  eount}  ;  Day- 
ton, county  geat  of  Lyon  county;  and  Genoa,  county 
^  seat  of  Douglas  county. 

The  flood  of  January,  1800,  which  proved  so  do- 
stniotive  in  'Jalifornia  and  Orejrin,  extended  nlso  to 
Nevada,  and  destroyed  property  vnriously  estimated 
from  e^OO.OUO  to  tl,00O,(K)0  ;  and  before  the  newtei^ 
ritory  had  had  time  txj  rally  from  so  severe  a  blow  to 
its  development,  the  extraordinary  reports  which  were 
brought  tiiither  of  th<; .marvellous  ricline»s  of  the  Sal- 
mon Kivcr  gold  mines,  in  Oregon  and  Wnshington, 
led  to  an  emigration  in  that  direction  which  threat- 
ened to  depopulate  Nevada ;  but  its  mines  posfssed 
too  much  value  to  be  long  ncglccteil,  and  the  autumn 
of  18C2  found  tl»e  population  more  i  ipidly  increasing 
than  at  any  former  period,  and  the  stocks  of  its  great 
mining  companies  inhanoed  to  a  value  fully  doubljs 
the  price  'it  which  they  were  held  at  tha  beginning 
of  the  year. 


NEW    MEXICO. 


NEW  UEXICO  (ineluding  Arizona)  was  ceded  to 
the  United  States  in  1848.  Organized  in  1860.  Capi- 
tal, Santa  Fe.  kreu,  2>)C,8C0  square  wiles.  Popula- 
tion, 18C0  •  *i,i  ''■.;  '(..fides  66,100  tribal  Indiana.  Val- 
uation, ill    6lii>  <  i,'Ji,8I8,768. 

New  M  "iw  ^  a  laiye  Indian  population,  but  the 
gveatcr  part  Oiem  are  J'lieUo  or  village  Indians, 
and  Moiig  to  iuo  same  races  as  the  Indian  inhabi- 
sju.ta  o:r  ifexioo.  There  are  also  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  Mexican;;  of  Spanish  deeoent  iq  the  territory, 
iu  chineral  wealth  is  abvndont;  silver,  gold,  copper, 
i?<)n,  uxi  ]««d  exis^  probably  in  lu^ir  quantities  t£aa 


in  any  other  part  of  the  United  States,  but  the  nnset- 
Ued  condition  of  the  country,,  ar-d  the  frequent  forayi 
of  the  Apnche  and  Cnmanehe  Indiana  have  rendered 
mining  linzonlous.  Since  the  oommenoeraent  of  the 
war,  Auw  Mexico  has  been  tlis  scene  of  several  se- 
vere battles  between  a  force  of  Texan  rangers  and 
the  Umtcd  State  troops  and  the  native  inhabitants 
of  the  Urritory.  The  surrender  of  Fort  Fillmore, 
the  battles  of  Apache  Canon  and  Valverde,  and  the 
capture  and  retaking  of  Santa  Fe,  occurred  within  the 
limits  of  thij  territory.  The  invaders  were  finally 
dnvcn  out  of  the  territory  in  April,  1862,  with  great  loss- 


W 


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tm 


AUSTRALIA 


AUSTRALIA,  (be  Urgekt  ItUnd  in  the  world,  it 
locottMl  H.  E.  from  Alia,  nnA  from  it«  VMt  mtf iit  more 
proiH-rly  riink»  o»  •  oontincnl  Ito  tcrrihify  is  equal 
U»  oil  Europe,  inolmling  the  Uritbh  Int'iiidn  ;  or  i<i  »»(• 
fluit'iit  til  iiiittic  Mveuty-foor  lUtes,  of  l':.«  *vu  of  the 
»t«tp  of  Ntw  York. 

Ito  northern  extr'-inity  nlmcMt  touohpB  Ui*  10th  de- 
gree of  South  liiti'.r.V,  whi'.j  it«  iouthrm  limito  reach 
to  tho  881h  pnrollc!.  Its  limita  taat  anil  «i«t  are  »>«- 
twiin  the  llttth  «« d  IMt-  fUgfe  of  ewt  loiiffituJe, 
Wing  a,(!(»0  inili*>  lonj?,**,!  I.VOO  wide.nnd  having  an 
are*  of  8,'>()I'),IMK) uiuare  luilie. 

It  is  !o«at«)d  on  the  oppoelu,  !  of  the  glolie  ttom 
Gnat  Britain  (to  which  it  iKilongs),  t>cing about  12,000 
milcl  therefrom. 

The  portions  of  this  vast  oountrT  that  have  been 
colonized  and  »ettleds  ore  as  follows:  Sew  South 
Wales,  Victoria  (callod  also  Port  Philip  and  Australia 
Felix),  South  Ausfaiio,  Western  Australia  or  the 
Swan  lUver  settlement,  ami  Morcton  Bav. 

This  country  was  first  settled  in  1787  l<y  a  shipload 
of  767  conviotj,  transported  from  (Jreat  Britiin,  undwr 
tho  ooramam  t.fCnpt.  Charles  Philip,  ""ho  popula- 
tion up  to  1860  had  snoreoscd  to  830,000. 

The  coast  vppears  generally  to  l»c  skirted  by  bar- 
ren plains,  bounded  at  a  little  distance  by  low  moun- 
tains. The  soil  of  the  explored  part*,  except  mme 
small  districts,  is  to  a  great  extent  v  :ifitJbr  cultiva- 
tion, but  is  veil  adapted  to  the  pasturage  of  shecj*  ami 
.  cattle. 

New  South  Wales  inchides  the  district  East  of  longi- 
tude 141  E.,  and  extent's  from  20  S.  ktitude  Vo  that 
boundary. 

Sydney,  the  capital  of  this  district,  and  largest 
town  in  Australia,  has  a  population  of  80,000  iiihabi- 
tants  and  is  doubtless  destined  to  become  a  place  of 
great  importance. 

Paramatta,  fifteen  milea  north  of  Sydney,  is  al»o  « 
place  of  some  note,  and  contains  about  6,000  Inhabi- 
tant*. It  is  connected  with  Sydney  by  means  of  a 
railway-. 

Port  Philip,  now  called  Victoria,  ooveni  an  area  of 
8,000  square  miles,  or  more  than  60,000,000  acres, 
being  600  miles  in  diameter  from  east  to  west,  with  a 
coast  line  of  about  000  miles. 

Before  the  gold  mania  commenced,  this  was  cm- 

Ebatieally  the  land  of  flocks  and  herds,  as  6oO,«i(i&0 
orned  cattle,  and  more  than  5,000,000  sheep  fonad 
pasture  within  its  limit;, 

Meiliourne,  the  capital,  situated  on  the  Bav  of  Port 
Philip,  has  a  population  of  60,000.  It  is  built  mostly 
of  brick  and  granite.  Its  harbor  is  one  of  the  best 
and  saf«Bt  in  the  world. 

Sonth  Australia  has  an  wea  of  870,000  •>quarc 
nulea,  or  about  20,000.000  acres.  It  is  described  a^  a 
country  destitute  of  mountains  and  moetlyof  an  even 
surface,  though  gentJy  undulating  in  Ottrtain  distristc. 
The  climate  is  very  mild  and  mvitiiis',  being  a  joa- 
tiaued  suceesaion  of  spring  and  summer  w^athar.    The 


soil  appear*  better  fitted  for  agriculture  than  the  oth«r 
di\  isions,  and  produces  wheat,  barley,  tobaocv,  and 
niiillrerry ;  apples,  pears,  the  citron,  figs,  plums, 
(H-achcs,  almonds,  oranges,  medlars,  pine-apples,  ba- 
nanas, and  gniiva*,  with  the  water-melon,  are  auw 
raise<i  in  abundance. 

Adelaide,  the  oapitat,  has  a  |)opnlation  of  over 
10,000.  It  is  a  plaee  of  i^eat  tlinll,  and  <!Oiitaina 
many  fine  public  buildings;  anMmd  it  are  variooa 
villages  having  a  jwpnlattun  <Pom  100  to  DtK)  inhabi- 
tant«.  Oawleir  Tow;i,  •  pl«c«  of  rapid  gro*th,  is  situ- 
ated '2ii  mi]t>«  dittant.  ■ 

Western  Australia,  tliocffb  o!  Km  iBiportanon  th«n 
the  other  divisions,  ha«  an  (ilea  of  more  than  1,000,000 
s<iimru  mile«,  The  jx^pnlctioa  »t  th«  pu^ent  time  is 
only  about  8,000. 

Pertb,  ?ho  cftpital,  has  »  s>3pt»)«Uo<»  of  1,000. 

Gold  Regions  of  Avu9iralia. 

The  gold  fields  of  Anstraiia,  is  tstent.  and  riohjieat, 
riy at  those  of  I'ftlifornia. 

Oold  has  been  found  ir*  laitfe  quantities  in  the 
Ratbuysi  district,  ebuut  120  niilrs  northwc.it  of  Syd- 
ney, and  westwiM'd  of  the  Blu«  Moantains. 

Tb«  Ophir  Dijtgings,  on  the  b*nk«  of  lh«  Turon 
K  fer,  ft  Sew  miles  north  of  the  Bstbuirst  ^{istrioi,  h*ve 
yj.;Uled  vaiit  quantities  of  the  preoioui  met*!.  It  wm 
at  these  diggings  that  a  mass  of  gcid,  ia  a  i*ingl«-  SumB, 
wns  found  waigbing  100  sounds.  a»d  sfbsuh  vm  sold 
for  $20,<M)0. 

Gold  ba»  also  boeu  ifo«mi  in  larile  qaaatl^rt  in  Yj*- 
toris,  .It.  a  pl*«e  «allo<i  BsJlarat,  aJK«ut  fifty  nsiki  west 
of  Port  I'Iniip  Bay.  Tfifh  fielde  have  also  been  M't- 
covered  at  Mom'S  Aif  xas!ilri»  acd  Bendigo  Creek. 

An  emiuent  KagU«fe  gw^ogist  estimaUs  tho  i 
field  of  Fwt  Philip  aioce  to  extend  over  t^>,00« 
sqnai*  mils**,  or  an  area  ol  the  siie  of  Penu«ylv!.au> 

The  following  e«tr«at.  entitled  ' '  A  I,.a»o  of  Co* 
fKAWES,"  we  take  from  an  Et^lisU  paper ; 

"  If  there  be  r  iemd  ou  the  fa««  ot  the  earth  which 
to  Ott  Englishmaa'o  eye  u'ast  nppcnr  » liind  of  eontra- 
rica,  as  aoDvjwfcd  with  hi*  osts  cotsniry,  Australia  is 
surely  tfcit  land.  It  i#  oar  Htcral  actipodes,  Wbeu 
it  ia  flay  with  th«m,  it  h  nJgbt  wif  h  n» ;  and  irbeu  we 
are  all  at  worit.  t!»«y  are  si!  '  in  th«  arww  of  Muyphy.' 
When  they  h.»ve  iheir  hmgetst  <fey»,  w«<  ha**  our 
shortest ,  and  when  h  i*  snirHnes'  with  tbcm  ii  is  win- 
ter with  «it.  Their  May-day  !»  in  ^^tfrosMn,  a<s*.whOe 
our  trt^es  «re  bsjddin^  theit'a  are  in  the  is<«r  sad  yel- 
low leaf.  ThoT  begta  to  vem  their  «Biana6r  dres»:« 
in  October,  and  ooMm««ce  patting  .w  tif«r  toj>-«e>ftte 
end  peft-j»«!r<fto  in  Hum.  Tbcir  Chsietuw*  k  in  sum- 
mer ;  and  when  jwoaqwitoet  nro  fiyinp  ab(>ut,  aad  s5i« 
sun's  heat  is  scf«r«,  tb«  Yuklog,  as  itmj  nomij  b« 
iraagmed,  a  some-ffeftt.  wjicriiuaDi ;  and  im  dinee  8i? 
itoger  d«  Ooved.y  «t  OhristuasiS,  with  tJse  tlicrsposMeter 
>^ui»;diog  at  O'j  ill  the  shade— think  of  yjist  Sh«*?  of 
Chris'  in»« !    Witii  oi>t  •iloM  frp*t  Clumtuios  in  l»gk»d 


4i 


■^SaKTSP^ 


s  than  th«  oth«r 
',  tobaocq,  and 
,  flg«,  plnma, 
nv-applef,  b»- 
olon,  are  aW 

Intion  of  over 
i,  and  <!otitaiDa 
it  art)  various 
U}  CtK)  Inliabi- 
gro^rth,  if*itn- 

inortanoA  thnn 
than  1,000,000 
>]Meui  tim«  ia 

of  1,000. 

if.  aii<l  riobueaB, 

aatttiea  in  the 
,hwc.it  of  8yd- 

I  of  lh«  Turon  ! 
it  ijiatirioi,  h*ve 
m«t»h    it  \fM 
iai«ingl°.  lump, 
bsuh  VM 


sold 


a^tiUM  in  Yi*- 
fifty  nsjk*  Wisot 

also  been  Ai>^ 
Hgo  Creetf. 
aat^'i  tho 

over  t|60,£KW 
'entity  }vs>!iut 

Laso  of  Ctia- 

1ft  eiirtb  'srbbh 
Ittsd  of  «ot)tr»- 
!j,  Aostmlia  ia 
ip«»de».  WbeB 
;  and  ■wlieu  we 
tniiofMn»|>hj'.' 

tbcm  ii  SB  win- 
ojon,  ax<sd»whU« 
'  is<«ir  (Mid  y«S- 

tif*iir  top-«este 
LuMC  k  in  a^jim- 
about,  sad  %lie 
njay  tawJy  Jv« 
7id  to  dsnce  Sir 

«Mt  Sh«*?  of 
vUiat  (R  %»gk»d 


? 


I'OETIOAL    UKOGIlArilY. 


85 


i*  nothin^f ;  but  Clirittiiiaa  with  nimiqnitoeii  ai.d  hot 
waidfl  tiiap  >truK<>n  in  lliu  dog-dayi  I  hnt  Hpispij 
clan'tin  tho  h<'i«ht  of  «iimiiior !  Tlia  olimatca,  winds, 
and  Monnonii  in  Aiwtralia  are  all  icvcreH.  Tbc  nai-fh 
wind  doci  not  lilow  cold,  at  with  u»,  but  hot  Uku  the 
lirooou.    Tho  Douth  wind — 

'  Th«  iwMt  Muth, 
That  hrcatbri  aptm  a  bunk  of  vlulcti, 
Sluallng  anil  nlvitiK  otlor  '— 

in  Atiitralia  brinpa  rain,  alpct,  niul  hail.  The  txm 
oouraca  overhead  iii  tho  north,  nnd  not  in  tho  iouth — 
in  t  0  north  are  tho  tropioi.  in  Hi«  «onth  tlie  polar 
rpgioni.  Australian  iwcta  hiivo  to  rcvcne  their 
tropca,  and  iiixtoad  of  ain^^ing  of—- 

'  Old  January,  wrnpiii',!  urcll 
In  many  wgoh  to  iiet>|>  thv  coM  ^wtj," 
they  aing,  ic  tho  language  of  an  Auatralian  bard— 

'  Whon  liot  D«c«3ilMir't  xiltry  bri'oi* 
8cari'«  tiiri  a  leaf  on  youdur  tr<!«« '.' 


.Sou 


I'l,  •in-iinii,  vogefablcn.  and  nninmla  ore  equally 
uuMling  ill  Auitralia.  Tho  richeat  aoila  are  often 
found  on  tho  top*  of  tho  hillv.  The  valloya  are  cold, 
nnd  hilltopii  wariii.  Jiivi  m  flow  from  tho  ndgbbor- 
hood  of  the  eoaut  into  tho  inf.  rior,  where  thoy  beoome 
lout.  Trofi  do  not  alusd  tli.  ir  leavrv,  but  only  their 
bnrk ;  and  th«  luoit  of  tlieni  in  Auatralia  afford  no 
•bade. 

"The  ohcrriea  grow  with  their  atone*  outside. 
Tho  liirdH  don't  aing,  tho  dog*  diiiit  bark,  tho  bc«a 
don't  atlng,  tho  flowera  dont  smell.  Tho  mole  (omi- 
thorynoiia)  ia  n  flab,  ond  tho  kangaroo  carrica  its  young 
ill  a  nest  attaolied  to  its  boily.  Aiiatralian  ewana  are 
black,  und  Auatmiian  eagica  are  white,  ('uokoos  coo 
in  the  night,  tho  owl  hoots  in  tho  diij  -lime,  and  the 
Aiipfralinn  jackusa  ia  a  bird  lit  above  itll  tilings,  tho 
working  people  of  Australia  uro  not  poor.  That  ia, 
perbajis,  the  moat  crowning  and  satiafuotory  contra- 
riety of  nil." 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)872-4S03 


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Microfiche 

Series. 


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RULES  OF  ARITHMETIC. 


IN  VERSE. 


Addison,  is  jdning  mora  numben  Uutn  one. 
And  putting  together  to  make  a  whole  ram, 
Addition*!  the  role  that  leanu  ua  to  count, 
And  the  sum  that  'a  produced  is  called  the 


RULB 

The  numbers  write  down,  as  the  rule  comprehends. 
Placing  units  under  units,  and  tens  under  tens ; 
Draw  a  line  underneath,  and  commence  at  the  right, 
Or  iho  unit  column,  the  work  to  unite ; 
If  its  sum  or  amount  should  not  exceed  9, 
Then  place  it  direct  'neath  its  own  natire  line : 
But  if  9  it  exceeds,  then  the  unit  you  place 
'Neath  the  column  of  units,  (the  units  to  moe) ; 
While  the  tenb  or  the  figure  that's  to  the  Mft  hand, 
To  the  next  column  join,  as  you  well  undtiratand.- 

Observe  the  same  rule,  till  you  come  to  the  last, 
And  the  whole  amount  write  as  this  column  yoa  oast 

liiiMracUoa. 

Subtraction,  it  teache^  w]{en  numbers  are  given^ 
One  greater,  one  less,  as  10  stands  to  7, 
To  find  oat  their  difference,  for  difference  we  see. 
And  when  worked  and  achieved,  we  find  to  be  3. 

KULB.  ^   , 

The  numbers  first  write,  the  less  under  the  greater, 
Placing  units  and  tens,  in  lines  of  their  nature,— 
The  subtrohend,  then,  from  the  minuend  take, 
And  that  which  remains,  an  answer  will  mol^.— 
But  if  in  the  less  number,  a  figure  we  find. 
Which  excecdi  that  above  it,  let  10  then  bo  jobed 
To  the  figure  Above,  and  from  the  amount, 
Ttko  tke  figure  below,  (nor  mistake  in  the  oount). 
Bat  forget  not  to  add,  to  the  next  ficore,  thfin 
In  the  subtrahend,  out  to  make  up  for  this  Im. 


▲Adittoo. 

Abmhon  is  Joining  together  two  or  more 
numbM  to  Hutka  oim  wnols  uutn  or  sauront. 

AiSiUuon  k  IIm  rate  by  whkh  w«  count,  or  pal 
aambon  toMihtr. 

11m  whcM  mm,  or  uiwsr,  te  eslted  Ib^  amouni. 


avLB. 
Wrtii  dewn  iho  numbtn,  ooo  andor  Itw  othtr, 
plsdng  mUtM  ondor  unlU,  Mta  umkr  tmm,  twi  dnw 
•  Um  emWtniMdi. 

alia  Ai  the  right  btnd,  or  unit  eohiiiin,  to  xld 
It  th*  numUn  togMhwi  wld  iagothw  sll  Iho 
flfONi  oonlitlnwl  ia  Ihot  eoivnn. 

If  itM  Mian  or  UMunl  ^mmU  not  oxcMd  9,  thea 
phM M  ondor  Iho oelumni  IMI  tf  it  dosa  netod  9, 
put  Iho  ri|hl  hand  C|vn  uader  the  cduom,  ud 
cany  IIm  Ml  hand  flfttro,  tad  add  it  on  to  lh«  ooxt 
ouluan.  ^ 

Obairve  tha  nana  rula,  putling  down  and«r  tho 
ooltAan  added,  llto  riaht  hand  fleuia.  if  U  oxcMda  9; 
and  canning  Ihr  laA  Mad  flgtin  to  tho  aosi  eoluroa 

Al  tha  teal  oohinin>  write  down  Iho  whole  (OMttnl, 
and  iha  work  la  oomptelo. 

■nbtraetlon 

SrarkAOTioR  Is  taking  a  leas  number  from 
a  rwlar  to  Hiid  out  tho  didpranct,  at  7  from  10;  tho 
diflhtanee,  or  nnoAintler,  la  9, 

'11m  mater  nuntber,  or  the  ttumltr  to  be  kaiened, 
k  calU  the  minumiL  The  kit  number,  or  the 
one  to  be  taken  from  tlie  greater,  k  called  the  tuhtra- 
kmuL  Tho  diflbreaco,  or  UmI  which  k  left  after  tho 
aporatkn  of  tho  work,  k  culled  the  remainder, 
H  VI  t. 

Write  down  tha  nombvns  the  \em  under  the 
gTeater,  placing  unita  under  unit*,  tcm  und»r  Una,  and 
draw  a  One  underneath. 

Biil)lrac<  the  k«»  fWun  the  greatert  commence  at  tho 
right  hand  OpinK  in  the  lower  Hne,  and  take  it  from 
Iha  OOP  abovoit  in  Iho  upiwr  lino  t  write  the  diflerenoe 
below  the  llite^  So  proceed  tUI  the  whok  k  aubtracted. 

If  tho  flguro  above  ihould  bo  kot  than  the  odo 
below,  then  add  toi  le  tha  one  above,  and  from  tho 
•motml,  taka  Iht  llgwm  behiw.  But  (n  thk  caaa 
vott  noil  add  OM  to  Iha  nail  kft  hand  tgwe,  intba 
kwar  column.    1'kk  te  eaBtd  bonowfait  tea. 


^' 


ik 


92 


RULES   OF   ARITHMBTIO. 


MalUpUcatUa. 

Nov,  MtUHplieaium,  ita  nature  I  '11  ihov. 
It  '•  a  short  way  of  working  Additwn,  you  know, 
When  the  same  number  oomes,  in  proM  or  in  rbymM, 
To  be  used  or  repatcd,  a  number  of  timet — 
Let  the  /e«<  number  under  the  ffreaitr  one  stand, 
Call  one  the  multijdur,  one  the  mtdtiplicand, — 
Name  the  answer  the  product, — and  then  just  annei 
For  the  sigr.  of  the  rule,  the  letter — X 

First,  the  number  (^bow,  must  be  multiplied  o'er 
In  succession,  by  each  fl^re  found  in  the  lou«r, 
While  the  same  as  Addition,  the  rule  you  have  seen, 
Ilemember  to  carry  on«  for  every  ton; 
While  the  riffht  hand  6gure  of  each  product  must  lie 
Direct  'netUh  the  fijrure  you  multiply  by ; 
Thee  the  same  as  Addition  their  products  unite, 
And  the  amount  of  them  all  is  the  answer  quite. 

Or  when  the  multiplier  is  100  or  10, 
Or  1.  with  any  number  of  ciphers,  I  mean, 
Of  ciphers,  nnncx  to  the  multiplicand, 
As  many,  as  in  the  mtdUplicr  stand. 

Ot  when  ciphers  are  in  the  tntdtiplier  found. 
Or  between  the  aignyicantfiffuree  abound, 
^jfiijMret  sigmficant  only,  perform, 
While  the  right  of  each  product  dircctk  i*  borne 
'Neath  th,^  ligure  you  multiply  by.  (Now  retain 
This  rule  forever  secure  in  your  brain). 

Dlvldoii* 

Next  uuple  JHviiion,  the  fourth  Role  is  Men, 
It 't  a  short  way  of  working  Subtraction,  (I  ween), 
It  shows  us  Subtraction,  iU  smallest  remabt, 
And  bow  often  om  number  another  contains. 

The  Divisor  is  tlsat,  which  divides,  as  you  see, 
The  Dividend's  that,  which  divided  must  bo. 
The  answer  is  called  the  Quaisnl,  and  shows 
How  oft  the  divisor  in  the  dividend  goes. 

RUI.K. 

Write  the  (Uvidcnd  down,  and  to  the  left  hand. 
With  a  curve  line  betwecn,.the  divisor  mus^taod, — 

Then  of  figures,  as  many  divide,  (and  oonugn) 
As  t»ill  hold  the  divisor,  times  not  over  nine,  (9) 
With  the  number  arising,  the  quotient  supply, 
WUch  by  the  divisor  you  then  multiply, — 

The  pitxlaet  then  take  from  the  dividend  o'er  it, 
And  bende  whs*  remains,  the  next  fionn  lower  it ; 
Which  agvn  foa  divide,  if 't  will  hold  the  dbfitor, 
If  not,  in  the  quotient  •  dpher  we  tie  sir. 


StnltlpUoatlQn. 

MoLTiruoATioR  is  s  shoft  way  of  perform- 
ing Addition,  wbm   the  mbm  number  !■  io  ba 


KPMlMi  a  numbw  of  UmM. 

Tha  numbar  wa  mulli|l7  by,  is  eallad  tha 
muUiplier. 

TIm  nnmbar  to  ba  multlplkd,  la  oallad  tha 
muUiptieimd. 

Tha  answer  ia  callad  tha  product. 

llM  dgn  of  MuliipliGaUon  is  tha  lattar  X. 


auia. 

When  the  muUiplier  txutda  IS. 

Writa  down  tha  multipttcaml,  undar  which,  writa 
tlia  multiplier,  ^hdng  wnHts  under  uniti,  tens  under 
tras,  and  draw  a  line  underneath. 

Multiply  the  multiplirand  by  ouch  fioura  of  the 
multiplier,  commencing  at  the  riglit  lisnd;  and 
ramimber  to  art  the  first  product  or  each  figure 
direcdy  undar  the  figure  in  the  muhlpUar  by  which 
you  multiply. 

Add  thi'M  several  products  together,  and  tha 
amount  i«  the  product  rftjuired. 

Ihmullinlv  by  10,  HK),  1000,  \t. 

Add  to  the  multiplirand  us  many  ciphera  aa  there 
era  ciphrn  li\  the  multiplier  i  ami  the  multiplying  ia 
performed. 

When  ciphera  occur  between  the  significant  flguiaa 
of  the  multiplitr,  we  omit  tlicnt,  nmltlplying  by  the 
aigniflcant  flguree  only,  ntinding  to  write  the  Aral 
product  of  each  figure,  dinvtly  under  the  figure  by 
which  we  multiply. 

To  prove  muitiulicalion,  divide  the  product  by  the 
multiiuier,  and  a  tha  quotient  is  tha  aame  aa  tha 
multiplioaixl,  the  work  ia  right 

Dlvtatoa. 

Dmsiow  la  a  short  way  of  performing  many 
Bubtnetiona;  or, 

It  showa  bow  often  one  number  is  contained  in 
another. 

Tha  Dividond  ia  tha  numbar  to  be  divided. 

Tha  Divisor  b  tha  number  that  divkkw  On 
dividend. 

The  answer  ia  callad  tha  Quotient,  and  shows  bow 
«Asn  tha  DlviMW  gooa  into  the  Dividend. 

n  VLR. 

When  the  L  situr  it  mere  than  \i. 

Plaoa  tha  Divisor  at  the  left  of  tha  Dividend,  aafa* 
rated  by  a  Hoe.  ,..,,,. 

Then  assume  aa  xuutj  figurea  of  the  dividend  as 
will  hoM  the  divfaM  aametbing  Irsa  than  10  Uroaa. 

See  how  often  tho  divisor  b  •sontained  in  tiw 
aasumed  portion  of  Iha  dividend,  and  placa  tha  reaiA 
at  tha  right  of  Ihs  dividend,  asparalad  by  another  Vam. 

MaUiply  tha  divisor  by  tbia  flgwa.  and  pbcc  the 
product  undar  tha  paH  aasumad  or  divided,  and  Hb- 
tract  il  tltetallrou,aiMllo  tha  rsmaladar  bnng  dona 
the  next  figura  Sir  a  naw  dividend. 


V 

\ 


ay  of  perform- 
umbor  li  io  ba 

,  U   MlM   Um 

I,  b  oalM  Iht 

'latter  X. 


(kr  which,  writt 
inits,  teiM  undvr 

ch  fimn  of  lb* 

iglit  litndi  •nil 

of  etoh  flgur* 

iltipUar  by  whkh 

gether,  atul  tha 

I  dphen  m  titcrt 
\\t  multiplying  is 

ilRniflcnnt  flgum 
ultiplying  by  the 
to  write  tb«  fini 
ler  the  figure  bf 

w  produci  by  Um 
Um  mow  u  Um 


rforming  many 

r  it  containad  in 

lie  diridail. 

Ibat  dividaa  Um 

it,anilriM«8lMiw 


! 


IS. 

Iia  DMdcwl,aar» 

if  Uie  divklend  aa 
iUmii  lOUraaa. 
•sontained  in  Um 
Ml  piaca  Um  reaak 
ad  by  anoUier  Vmt, 
ua,aMl  place  the 
rdi«idad,andai*- 
aiadarbringdanB 


BULKS    OP    ARITHlfXTIO. 


98 


Aad  to  our  rmoMtr,  %  figure  onoe  more. 
From  (be  dirideMl  bring,  and  prooeed  a*  befoiv. 

WMn  Tm  DITUOR  IS  JMU  TBAS   If 

But  when  the  diviaor  does  not  exceed  tweWe, 
Br  thort  divinon  the  problem  we  aolye,       * 
^ath  the  dividend  then  the  quotient  yon  bind, 
While  the  process  is  iiostly  perfomed  in  the  mind. 

BeductlOB. 

lUdwtim  is  changing  •  kind  and  its  name, 
To  another,  and  keeping  its  ralue  the  same. 
ft  consists  of  two  kinds.  Ascending  is  one, 
Defending  the  other,  by  which  we  eome  down ; 
In  Bedttotion  ascending,  division  we  try ; 
In  B«d?etion  DescendTrg,  we  then  multiply. 

RMnctloB  Aacendtav. 

Divide  the  lowest  kind  that  stands  in  your  sum. 
By  that  number  it  takes  of  the  sum  to  make  one 
SJi?*?  "***  higher  order,  and  keep  the  same  round 
Till  the  probl«m  is  solved,  ^d  the  answer  is  found. 

D«clmai  Fracttoas. 

Jkdeeimd  Fraetiont,  your  work  is  the  same. 
As  when  m  whole  numbers,  the  problems  you  frame. 

AddttlMi  mmA  8ab<nicUon  of  Decimals. 

RULB. 

In  Addition  of  Decimals,  Subtraction  too, 
^e  same  as  whole  numbers,  the  work  you  must  do  ; 
Write  tenths  under  tenths,  and  hundredths,  likewise, 
You  place  under  hundredths,  the  rule  to  comprise. 
Let  the  decimal  point,  if  the  work  you  approve. 
FaUpneiHly  'luath  than  in  th»  mmbinakoiie. 

HalUiHicatloa  of  Declnala. 

to  rOIHT  on*  »  MVLTIPUOATIOR  OT  DRODUU. 


J^'^^1^^1T''Vl}f^'  «nd  to  Um  i«Baia- 
To  piova  DivWoo.  malliplr  Um  divfaor  end  «uv 

JSfS:y^'-»?*(H^0-71,  Um  Qootient    To 


If  in  Midtiplieation  of  Decimal*,  then 
Pobt  fiff  from  your  product,  with  pencil  or  pen. 
For  <t»timal  plaeet,  as  many  as  etaud 
In  both  nwAt/rftfr  and  muUipiieand. 
If  the  product  in  JIfum  tMeimt  is  found. 
To  the  left  of  the  product  let  dphen  be  bound. 

I  mvMan  0t  Dednal*. 

I  to  roiRT  on  nr  Diymov  or  drodcau. 

H  ^I»i>WiKm^2>«6iiab,  then  you  may  c«mt 
JL_^       ^^  ^  ^  ^'^'^  ^*  whole  amount 


HfldUOtloiL 

i-.5?II"7^"J"  «'>?n»«'>I  one  kind  or  denom- 

„Hf.  ^  r '"* '  «^"2i«"  A«««H««.  and  Dal 
aeaoding:  th«  former  ia  peribnned  by  divLloa,  and 
Um  latter  by  muliiplication.  ««.  ana 

■ciB  roa  aaaueTiA*  MCiifBiia. 
Divide  Um  loweal  denonUnaUon  givtn,  by  aa  hmiv 

hi.L'^-'""-™'^--^-"''^-" 

Dirida  the  quotient  in  Um  Mma  manner,  by  Um 
number  it  ta^ofila  own  deaominaUoo  to  miS  ooa 
Si  u  J*  V  "'".'^  denomination ;  w  continna  to  do 
nu  U  la  redooed  to  the  denomination  lequiied. 

Decimal  ZVaotloiia. 

DioiRALS  are  performed  the  same  as  whole 
nombera.  Th.  Wy  dilfiealty  <•  to  know  when  to 
put  Um  aeptr^Uon  or  d,dmal  point,  between  dedmala 
and  whole  numbara. 

Addition  and  Bnbtraotlon  of  Oeolmala. 

Write  down  the  numbers,  one  under  the 
other,  placing  Uuee  ti  Um  mum  value  under  each 
mar;  or,  unita  under  unite,  tena  under  tena^  &cl 
f^**"^  tenUM  under  tenUu,  hundredUM  under 
^"**I~."^  ""d  Umu  add  or  aubtraet  aa  in  addition 
er  aubtraetion  of  aimpla  or  whole  numbaiik 

Let  Um  decimal  point  in  Um  turn,  cc  rfm^ndrr 
M  d«c«y  under  uioM  in  Um  aim.     ^  ^^*^' 

JitultlpHcatlon  of  Oedmala. 


iKi^F^  **  ^^P^jootion  of  DKimA. 

J^amw  »'»  same  aa  in  whoto  numfam.  and  point 
off  in  Um  product,  finr  dedmal  plaeea,  aa  iumr 
flgnna  aa  UMre  are  decimal  plaeea  in  boih  muhipte 
and  mumplicand,  counted  together. 

rfTo  molUply  a  whole  number  by  a  decimal.  Um 
pndaotiileasUMnUM  mubipli'mid,  fcroxaanpla. 
,5  anilUplied  by  ,fi  Um  prododi  b  ,M.  ^ 

"DMaUm  of  Deolaaala. 

npeMq^inDkimm  of  Ikdmak, 

WvJda  U>e  aama  aa  in  whole  nombna,  and  Mini 

off  ftoro  Um  light  Sf  Um  quotiant,  ibr  MmakM 

many  plaeea  aa  Um  decimal  plaoaa  in  Um  diviikiid 


I 


mmmmm 


-rm 


94 


RU'LES    OF    ARITHMETIO. 


That  the  dlvidtnd  numbfif  o'er  the  divUor 
In  Jer'tiiuil /iyurc$— anil  if  the  supply  (iir) 
In  Ihe  nuo'.icnt,  of  fijjfurcH,  dt'licicnt  you  find, 
To  the  left  of  the  ^otitnt  let  eip/urt  btjomti. 


Interest.  • 

Interest  ia  a  certain  per  cent,  that's  allowed, 
For  the  luo  of  money  on  the  lender  bestowed. 
The  prineip<U  'a  that,  which  is  loaned  or  lent, 
The  rate,  on  csich  dolhr,  ii  called  the  per  cent. — 

It  is  Simple  and  Comjxmnd — The  rule  for  ihtyfirtt 
"Wlien  desired  fur  one  year,  may  thus  be  rehearsed: 


nu  t.  K. 


cent. 


First,  the  principal  multiply  by  the  raUft 
And  divide  by  100  the  product,  (attent) 
If  for  more  years  than  one,  the  pfoduct  it  heart 
Munt  be  multiplic<i  by  tlie  number  of  years. 

If  the  interest  for  months,  in  your  sum  is  implied, 
By  12,  the  'ilercst  of  one  year,  divido. 
And  the  quotient  by  the  nwr^er  of  moiUha  multiplied. 
The  interest  in  full,  for  the  raonUis  will  decide. 

If  tlio  use  of  your  inont-y  for  days  you  wou'  \  see. 
The  amount  for  one  month  by  30  must  be 
Divided,  and  then  the  quotient  you  raise 
Be  multiplied  o'er  by  the  number  of  days ; 
Add  the  days  and  themonlAi  and  the  yeart  all  in  one, 
And  the  rnswcr  d(:asired  will  bo  the  whole  mun. 

CJompound  Intcrc 

Now  bterest  Compound,  to  you  I  wilfafaow, 
'Tis  interest  on  interest  and  principal  too, 
Wkioh  aro  added  together  a»  interest  U  due. 

RULE. 

First  find  the  amount  >br  one  year,  the  s<un« 
As  in  rimple  interest,  the  rule  that  you're  seen. 
Then  this  is  the  principal  for  the  next  year, 
Which  again  you  compute  with  patience  and  care. 
And  agfun  to  the  produot  the  interest  unite. 
Which  becomes  for  the  third  year,  a  principal  qwte. 

So  continue,  and  flrom  the  amount  of  the  la^ 
Subtract  the  sum  loaned,  and  the  interest  is  cast 


•lOMd  ihoM  of  lh«  iKvitor ;  ■nd  if  Ihern  Iw  ■  iMI- 
c1mm7  of  flgura*  in  the  quntirni,  ■ii|)|>ly  mirh  doi. 
dancy  by  »nne»iiig  flpirM  »o  Ihe  left  of  Iho  quotient 
To  dWide  •  nhola  number  l>y  •  decimal,  Iho 
quotient  ia  neater  tlwn  the  dividend .-  fcr  eiwnple, 
MO,  divided  b^r  .n.  Iho  quotionl  ia  500. 


ImaisT  li 


.Xntereot 

is  a  pet  cent  paid  by  the  bor< 
rowar  to  the  lender,  lor  the  um<  nf  monev. 

The  aum  of  money  kmned  or  lent,  w  called  iba 
pritteipat. 

The  ;Mr  cent,  la  the  annual  amount  paid,  aa  ao 
many  doUara  for  the  uaa  of  a  hundred. 

atrta  roa  aiMtLi  inTiassT. 

Multiply  the  prineipal  by  the  rate  prr  tent.,  «nd 
divide  the  product  by  one  hundred,  and  the  quotient 
ia  tlie  inlereat  for  one  year. 

Multiply  thia  laat  by  the  number  of  y«aia,  and  the 
product  ia  the  intncat  for  the  yeaia. 

To  emnpuie  the  inttrttt  fur  moniht  t 

Divida  Iho  inforeat  ofonu  year  by  13,  and  the  quo- 
tient ia  die  intoreat  for  one  month ,  multiply  thb  by 
the  number  of  montha,  and  tlie  product  ia  the  interM 
for  tito  montha. 

73)  ampule  the  inlerrft  for  days  i 

Divide  the  inttrmt  of  one  montli  by  30,  the  num- 
ber oi  daya  in  a  month,  ami  the  quotient  ia  the  intersat 
for  one  itj. 

Multiply  the  inteicat  of  one  day  by  the  number  of 
daya,  and  the  product  ia  the  intereat  for  the  daya. 

Add  the  dayc,  months,  and  years  togtather,  uid  Ikt 
•mount  is  the  intcroat  required. 

Compound  Intereat. 

CoMTonm  Irtsbist,  is  interest  on  interest, 
where  the  intereat  ia  added  to  thepiindpal  at  the  end 
tt  Mch  year,  aa  it  beceniea  do*. 


HUtE 

Of  the  three  finn  tusmitrt,  a  third  term  you  make 
That 's  of  the  same  kind  with  the  aameer  you  mkk; 

And  then  just  consider  the  question  in  hand, 
Whether  gT«at«r  or  less,  the  answer  will  stand 


mvta 


tha 


JPInl  And  ihs  amoont  for  one  yma,  and 
■noant  ia  the  principal  for  tha  aeeond  year. 

Then  padbrm,  with  thia  piiDctea),  Iba  funa  aa  widi 
the  finrt,  finding  tha  amount  nr  the  SMond  year, 
which  amount  ia  the  prindpsi  for  the  third  year;  ao 
eootinne  to  do,  finding  the  amoont  for  each  year,  and 
fiom  the  laat  amount,  subtract  tha  aum  kwaad,  and 
the  maainder  is  the  Cim^ound  Inlareai  for  tha 
nnmbar  of  yssia  laqidnd. 


Ibda  of  Shraa. 

Of  t*.e  three  given  numbers,  make  that  tha 
thhd  tana  which  k  of  flM  aaaw  Und  with  the  ufWK 
aoogfat 

Than  MiMid«r,  fifom  tha  artara  ef  Mm 
whether  the  anawar  wyi  be 
third  tern. 


..Sst., 


if  Ihnra  Iw  ■  iMt 
■ii|>l>ly  rarh  <Mk 
t(i  of  iho  qnolUiit 
J  •  daciiiMl,  lb* 
id:  tot  •tmft», 

soo. 


tid  bj  th«  bor< 

moner. 

I»nt,  u  called  Um 

mount  paid,  m  m 
red. 

■BMT. 

ail  per  tent,  xnd 
I,  UM  Um  quotirnt 

r  of  jtan,  and  Um 

I. 

tthMi 

jr  13,  and  the  quo* 
,  multiply  thb  \rf 
duct  ia  th«  interM 

n  b;  30,  the  num- 
tient  ia  the  inteieat 

'  by  the  number  of 
M  for  the  d«y«. 
« logather,  awl  the 


rMt. 

ireflt  on  intercft, 
iitncipal  at  tba  end 


M  yaw,  and  tba 
ond  yawp* 

lUlbafUMaawidi 
r  the  Moond  year, 
tiia  third  yev;  ao 
t  for  each  year,  and 
laimii  kiaiMd,and 
d  Inlara*  (br  tha 


«,  main  that  dM 
ndwiikUiei 


a  flf  IIm  nMMOi 
wartMidMattw 


SB 


1 


RULES    OF    AfllTHMETIO. 


Than  thii  tlio  Ihird  tciro, — If  grtoUr  H  l«  known 
That  of  thu  two  numbera  the  gnaicr  comes  down 
For  tiie  term  that  is  apcond,  or  t«rm  number  two; 
While  the  less  number'8j(r»<,  aa  the  pencil  will  hUow. 

But  if  smullcr  your  answer  than  term  number  t/m*, 
Rerorso  the  two  termt,  let  the  leti  itcond  be, 

Then  the  aocond  and  third  you  next  multiply, 
And  divide  by  theyCr*/  and  the  answer  is  nigh. 

*  AlUfatlon. 

AUigatUm  is  mingling  or  mixing  toii^other. 
Tens,  Rugarj  or  npirits  (nn  1  ono  tliinj^  or  other), 
It  divides  itself  thus,  ^now  bo  nuro  and  learn  it). 
Alligation  Mtdial,  Alligation  AllertuUe. 

Alligation  medial. 

Alligation  Medial  U  finding;  the  mean, 
Tha  middle  or  avtr;v,i(e  'twixt  either  extreme 
Of  several  simples,  nome  K-hs  and  some  greater  ; 
So  read  o'er  tnese  lines,  and  they  '11  learn  you  its 
n.iture. 

RULE. 

Supposing  A  raercliiint  has  (hreo  kinds  of  tea, 
At  10  shillings,  fi  shillings,  and  shillings  3, 
Wliich  he  wishes  to  mix  and  together  confound, 
And  then  wanU  U>  know  what's  Uie  worth  of  a  pound, 

Add  Your  10  and  your  5  and  your  3  aa  you  mix, 
And  dinJed  by  3,  the  quotient  is  6. 

Six  ■Lilliiis*  per  pound,  price  of  tha  mixtura, 

Alllfatlott  Alternate. 

AlHgation  AltorDate  ia  the  rule  that  finds. 
What  quanlity  of  any  number  of  simples  or  kinds. 
Whose  rates  are  all  given,  direct  as  we  state, 
To  compose  n  mixture  of  a  specified  rate. 

BUI.E. 

Arrange  in  •  *Mmnn  your  rates  for  command. 
And  plae*  joa  mean  rait  off  at  the  left  hand, 
EarL  rate  .that  is  Uu  than  the  middle  or  mean, 
/oin  with  one  that  is  greater,  as  is  plain  to  be  seen, 
Place  the  difference  'tween  each  rate  and  mean  kind. 
Opposite  that  with  which  it  ia  join«l. 

•qnare  Root. 

RUI.E. 

Divide  into  periodi  of  tvo  figura  each, 
T^o  number  you  know,  as  the  pedagogues  teach, — 

In  the  l^nand  period  find  tne  greatest  aquan, 
Wliieh  from  it  subtract,  and  to  what  remains  there 
Bring  the  next  period  down  for  a  Dwidend  (fair)  : 

Place  the  root  of  the  squwe  at  the  right  band  of  all, 

tA  Wo  tiaea  the  reet  a  IHmmr  we  eall. 


If  gnater,  place  tha  Rtaalar  Ot  Uie  two  rrmaiaiag 
nuniben  for  the  wrotid  term. 

If  Um,  place  the  lewer  of  the  remaining  number^ 
for  the  Mcund  tirm. 

In  eilher  caM,  multiply  the  uconj  and  third  tenaa 
together,  tnd  tliviile  liy  (ha  firat  term  ;  and  the  <|U<^ 
tieiit  will  be  Ibe  fuurth  term,  or  nn«wcr. 


AUlcatlon. 

Allioatior  ia  nixing  tof^ether  soversi  aim- 
pie*  of  diljTorcnt  qualities,  n(  priren,  «o  Ihnt  the  compo- 
■ition  may  be  of  some  intrhnediate  quality  or  price. 

It  u  of  (no  kiiidi,  Alligation  Ahcmatc,  and  AIU> 
gatioii  Mixlial. 

AUtgatlOQ  Medial 

ALLtoATioR  McDUL,  is  finding  the  mean  or 
average  proportion  or  price,  of  aeveral  nuinbara  of 
price*. 


I«  VLB. 

Add  together  the  iirveni  prieea  or  ingredients,  and 
divide  Uif  nmnuiit  liy  the  number  of  Ingredients. 

Or  trhm  there  are  a  greater  number  than  one  of 
eofh  kinif, 

Multiply  the  numltrr  by  the  price,  aet  the  prodncta 
in  a  column,  add  the  aeveral  producta  together,  and 
divide  tho  amount  by  the  amount  of  the  levenl 
ingredients,  and  the  quoUent  if  the  mean  price  Ot  the 
compoaitioii. 

Alligation  Altemato. 

ALLiaATiOR  Alterrati  teaches  to  find 
what  quantity  of  any  number  of  aimplee,  whoea 
ralee  are  all  given,  will  oomposa  a  mixture  of  any 
apedfladrala. 

■  trta. 

Arrange  tha  ntea  of  the  riinplea  in  a  oolunin  under 
each  other,  with  the  meen  price  at  the  left  band. 

Connect  each  rate,  that  u  leaa  than  the  neaa  rale, 
with  on«  or  more  that  b  greater;  plaer  the  dMerenx 
between  each  r«t>  and  mean  piioa  oppoeile  that  with 
which  it  ia  Joined,  and  it  will  ha  Um  quantily  nqufatd. 


B^oaro  Root. 

B  VI.S. 

Divide  your  number  into  periods  of  two 
figorea  each,  by  patting  a  point  over  the  unit  Hggpra, 
and  every  aeoond  Cjura  from  tha  place  of  onitiL 

Find  Uir  greateat  aquan  in  tba  left  band  pieriod^ 
and  put  tiie  raanlt  in  tha  tool,  at  Uie  right  cf  the 
numbar. 

Sqaam  this  fignM, 


aod  flaaa  tM  ai|iam  asdv  I 


X 


•*B*"    '■ 


wrnmrnm 


mmmm 


I 


ai2^i^' 


RULBB    or    ABITHMBTIO. 


!  . 


■1  ■ 


Then  try  Um  Diviwr,  m«  how  nuuij  UmM 
n«  Dividend  Loldt  it  (bj  proae  or  bj  rhToiM). 
Of  iU  rijfM  hand  fiffur*  excIuniTe,  jo«  know, 
And  write  in  th«>  root  eta's  number  't  will  go, 

Then  to  the  Disitvr  tht  samtjiavrt  tie, 
And  by  the  Mine  figure  the  whde  mulUplr ; 

Thevrodud  then  UUn  from  the  Dividend  gpenned), 
And  of  thut  which  rcmaini,  make  •  new  dividend : 
By  briagipur  the  ptriod  that'  r  neit,  aiong  tidt, — 
AjmI  for  a  Divitor  that  '•  ntw  and  untried, 
Jttrt  do*ibU  iht  figwu  that  atand  in  the  not, 
Amd  work  a*  h^n,  till  th«  Muwwr  it  got. 


Cabe 

RULE. 

Tow  number  divide,  aa  I  shall  proaeribc. 
In  jperioda  of  throo  figurei  each,  side  by  aide, 

In  the  left  hand  period  the  ffreateiit  cube  find, 
Pat  ita  root  in  the  quotient,  and  then  yoii  must  mind 
To  aubtract  from  tnc  period,  the  Cube  that  is  found. 
And  by  what  remaini,  the  next  period  bring  down 
For  a  dividend, — then  r  divitor  to  spr, 
•By  300  your  quotient't  n/uare  multiply ; 

Then  aa  SimpU  Bivition,  the  work  you  perform, 
But  tuUroft  not  the  product— let  this  be  forborne. 

Then  the  square  of  the  last  quotient  figure  espied. 
By  the  Jlnt  quotient  figure,  mast  be  multiplied, 
Ajid  the  answer  arising  by  30  be  tried  (or  nuJtiplitd), 
And  tne  product  of  these  placed  undet  the  last. 
That  units  and  tens  in  tlieir  lines  may  be  oast. 

Write  the  cube  of  the  last  quotient  sign,  under  all. 
And  the  amount  of  the  whole,  a  subf?ahend  call. 
Which  you  must  anbtraot  from  the  dividend  o'tr  it, 
And  bjf  what  r«maint  the  next  /(frwJ  f,&wtr  it 
For  a  new  dividend,  with  which  you  proceed 
Aa  before,  till  the  root  in  the  quotient  you  read. 

OcMnetrlcal  PrsfrcMloB. 

Tht  Jtril  term,  rtdio,  and  numier  of  temu  hefe^ 
gieen,  to  find  the  but  term. 

A  few  leading  powers  of  the  ratio  write  down, 
With  each  index  placed  o'er,  beffinning  at  one. 
The  indieee  whose  turn  aa  the  nue  thus  informs. 
Shall  approach  within  one  of  the  number  of  terms, 
Stand  over  the  factors,  whoae  prodact  must  be 
Multiplied  hjUMfirtt  teim,  lad  t^  lait  t«n&  we  ate. 


*aldlkuiiip«rW.    TtiMi  niUrMt  it  IbaraAr  n,  mmI 
!•  Ih«  iwMtedM  bring  <lown  Um  miI  pirlwl  jm  • 


Dowbh  Ihs  net,  titmiy  famd,  Ibr  •  tHvim,  m 
m»  how  many  tiaM*  ll  la  ooataiiMii  In  Um  lUriilwil, 
ciduiiTe  of  te  right  ttai  flnre,  and  place  ih«  ntch 
hi  th«  root,  fbr  Um  iMwnd  flgui*  of  it,  ami  likawlH 
pot  Um  mum  flgUM  t»  Um  right  haml  of  iIm  JiviMr. 

Multiply  Um  Miiaai  mUtt  UM  ImI  llgwr*  •lUMidl, 
by  Um  Im«  plaowi  in  Um  root,  mmI  Mblncl  tb*  proilacl 
flrom  iIm  diviAmd,  and  to  tha  raroaindar  bring  down 
Um  n«ll  pariod  toi  •  imw  ditidend. 

Ooubla  Um  flgtaraa  alraady  bund  in  Um  rool,  fer  • 
a«w  diviaor,  um  from  thaaa  ind  Um  iMit  tgura  ia 
<t«  ront,  ••  ImI  dinctod,  imd  ao  proeaad  UU  Iha  wlMk 
isinUM4 

Onbe  Koet 
avia. 

Separate  the  fiven  numbers  into  periods  of 
thraa  flguraa  aaeh,  ht  putting  •  point  ovor  tha  imil 
flgufa,  and  awry  U  Agura  Iteyond  tha  plaoa  of  uniiBi 

Find  the  gr«aiaal  eubo  in  Ui*  left  hand  pariod,  and 
aat  tha  root  in  tha  qootiant 

Subtract  the  cuha,  thua  found,  from  tha  laid  pariod, 
and  to  tha  ramainder  bring  tha  iMit  pariod  down  fbr 
•  diTidand. 

Multiply  Um  aquaia  of  Um  quoUent  by  SOO,  ealUag 
it  Um  divlaor. 

fStitk  how  manv  UnMa  tha  <l<riaor  may  be  had  in 
the  dividend,  and  place  the  raault  in  the  root;  then 
mulUply  the  diviaor  by  thia  quotient  figure,  and  write 
Um  product  under  the  dividend. 

MulUply  the  aquara  of  thia  quotient  figure  I7  the 
former  figure  or  figurea  of  the  root,  and  thb  prodnel 

SO,  and  piaee  the  product  under  the  laal;  under 

,  write  the  cube  of  thia  quotient  figure,  and  safe 
liaet  the  amount  from  the  dividend,  and  to  tha 
remainder  bring  down  the  iMxt  period  for  a  new 
dividmd,  vriUi  wfaUi  BNcasd  M  More,  wiUI  the  iMk 
IsfliUdMd. 


tNoaaetileal  Picnnstiuu 

First  put  down  a  few  leading  powera  of  ^he 
ratio,  with  Um  indioaa  placed  over  them,  haglnnli 
at  one.  Add  the  moat  convenient  indioea  together, 
to  make  aa  index  one  leaa  than  the  number  of  the 
term  aooght 

MuMp^  tofsAer  Um  powen  belonging  la  thMS 
todkas,  end  thiir  pradue),  nnilUpiiad  by  Iks  flnl 
iMB^willbalhaaHmr. 


A 


tlB     B«B. 


tract  it  lb«r«Ar.n,  mi4 
tlM  iMit  pirlwl  JMT  • 

md,  far  ■  dlvi«»,  «r 
ln«l  in  iIm  (UTMlMid, 
e,  and  pbce  Shft  rsKJt 
j«  of  it,  ami  likawiM 
I  IuumI  of  lb«  Jiviior. 
iMt  flfwra  •lUMiad, 
d  wUrad  lb*  prodnel 
•maindar  bring  down 
md. 

uimI  in  Um  root,  far  • 
id  tha  nait  Agw*  In 
(iroeaad  till  Iha  irlMk 


r 


«n  into  ptriodt  of 
I  point  ovw  Iha  mM 
inil  tha  plaoa  of  unilik 
left  hand  parlod,  and 

,  fiom  tha  laid  pariod, 
nail  pariod  doivn  far 

otknt  bjr  SOO,  ealUng 

Tiaor  may  ha  had  in 
ult  in  Iha  root ;  than 
[ieni  flgura,  and  wrila 

lUfltiant  flgura  by  tha 
root,  and  thia  prodnet 
indar  Iha  laal;  undar 
lient  figure,  and  mih- 
liTidend,  and  to  Um 
xt  period  far  •  utm 
MM«.ai>lUtfc«iwk 


Jinf  poweraofMM 
vfu  tham,  baginntag 
liant  indioea  logelhar, 
Ilka  numbar  of  tha 


•  beloagiBg  le 
ultipiM  by  tL»  flnl 


^) 


^ 


Til, 


^    ^ 


■pa 


AaaiD?^   ^i&Q]1f[J!9, 


r.sr .  '.sEi^ixsax-^aiiM 


'>^ 


..: 


V 


AoRNft  WftUtQii  to  Mcll  the  Poottcal  Oeogr«{.hy  id  nearly  ovory 
'ft  the  TIr.ioo.<  V  *A»  no  work  of  the  age  me^tf  with  moro  rapid  «af 
f>ru«oi\ts  a  roro  opportuuity  fbr  mSvo  and .  enteryruiing  men  ts> 
monay. 

m 

Wliol««iil«D«iiIer«lnM»p«.  Booki,  LJlhogrtphio  Prinli,  Btationery,  &o.^A<V 
Uountont  Aod  Profloibte  Kmpluymont  g\vvu  o  intelliifoiit  and  ontorprMiHg  i 

REdOMMENi)Ai*l;i 


w4  luMmi£i  |»it|  I  In  In  iHW*  <•  »■  ?»il««f"*y  »1 
MJWIMI  kj  hw.  Mt  HarfMld  b«  DOM  of  tte  wnika  of 
tt«d*y.  (  •  V  li«toi  ao*  MMM  Md  bMom  • 
BMqlHON,  U  Mlrfaiy  i  not  ite  Amkar*  ttalu-'Ntw, 


m 

TtM 

•kuitai 


MUI  HI  WmiWUMI.     II  >f  111  pfBft  M  •0««tl|N  m  IMMI' 

inn  Mm  prioot|«t  Ow  J  nf  U4n(|r#h]r  iMKi*  Mm  onwiN 
M  Um  eoainioii'r*nM  of  "  TIlK^  ^'ijn  h»i^  ftaptMiW, ' 
*iv  t»  ia  M9t  *•  4^  or  Um  wtath.-N«m  Yai^ 


£mni»4  IW. 


lltM  tot  t|a  wb.^ 
knomi  kiir<t  Mm  ' 


r  iwillwif.  MwiM^jr  naculatM  kid 

knomi  kMr«r  Um  mM,  ■»«!«•«««  »>  jnMB  rftirf  nn 
th«  Mrt  oT  Nt  AMhi^  VtJ^  MU>  «•«  nUtng  »tr«tiM 
■hnW  ManMOnaMi'taTMiBM  «r  WMbrld|i«'i  Viattl- 


oTUm 


(BrrMtoiM  of  oSS^a'iMUai  ■&»•§  . 
momnry.  Bui  nMTomm  llM  fOoUf,  t'MW  i» 
tnnncb  in  Ui«  «olk  M  Miii^  »<  7  >(■  MtttftS 

,  71b  AmNW  OM^n^  -ttoia  m<Nli*Mii  . 

1*1  ftivor  of  thU  tni«f«itiii«  puVHuai  m.     t  ii|,(tir 
inrMt*  IB  Hl«»itai»-*  tanMai'MW  «*•  ■» 
mmni  » (MtMtJrinMtnf  Imiiii  «i>  bt««,ilfm 
*if^pftaom^«i|Mil||  of  QMffpUy,''-^'*' 
t^«Bpw.  ritfn,i9Wk  *••«•,  MUodi  I 
of  vt«  iMw,  jMt  hrtowM*  iiwin,  Kivii 
dryWoM,  Mid  for  >ataiAyi«Mi«4Mr>ai 
AM*  tr»m  Um  rtttiia 
qiM|tiy  •Pimm  U> 

bMWl*tlMM!   w  w        „-- 

oartaMjr  oMlmpartrJitpht  a 
o(  Ua  iMbndMMlM.   TIm  i>fM* 
Htet  at  Um  MMIar  ar  d  mit  * 
iawwlM  nalana  muttn  i 
•MMiMW,  o^braia*  Mnf^ 

Tha <^^ cf  4tM  f«|K(Jl  1^# 


,/  ai^^t  ki •4Mrt«!  tiiftfc  Agents  will  act  the  honorable  part  with  laLidri^,  aqd 
tb«  work  for  lev  thir  th«  n|}M^4)tion  price,  for  thit  is  »bn>iat^  oat  p«frODH,  ^fch 
«9rtt  tft^  of  ingratUu.'t.     '.^^  /i':*'.  ,■  ^\'f- 


■»>■■■'» 


r  As  the  Po<>H(^  Oeo7i«phy  is  sold  oi>Iy  bjf  Sabacriptiou,  iUpats  i^WO 
exj^wted  to  u.!l  " '.  every  honsc,  tbnt  every  ot  o  m  7  uare  ft  imihS 
to  pitrc'uosa  on^  dr  more  copies. 


■•iW 


■CBUORSa 


dMMda 


4.  '.'^6i 


ly  ovory  8tft^*^ 
rapid  «aU 
non  ts>  II 

,  Ao-Ao,   ,, , 
rprbuig  DMo^ 


Oil 


w>trv,  t'!«M  Ml,,. 


I  HI.      t  «(_«»: 
li'inw  Hit"" 

mi|»Ujr, 


iMfllMI 


I— HOB" 


i^vo 


mil ^1 


.-*—.? 


